大型冶金起重機優(yōu)化設(shè)計的研究畢業(yè)課程設(shè)計外文文獻翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Available online at www.sciencedirect.com</p><p>　　Procedia Engineering 24 (2011) 783 – 787</p><p>　　2011 International Conference on Advances in Engineering</p><p>　　The

2、 Research on Optimal Design of Large Metallurgical Crane</p><p>　　Xianwen Wua, Bo Chena , Dan Zhanga, Jian Lib,a*</p><p>　　aSichuan Engineering Technical College,DeYang618000,China</p>&l

3、t;p>　　dChina Second Heavy Industrial Group Corporation,DeYang618000,China</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　According to the application, structure and technical requirements of 3

4、20/50t-22m large quenching crane, the general structure and hoisting mechanism of crane were optimized, the main technical parameters of crane were calculated. The key issues in the design were discussed. The references

5、on the future design and calculation of similar cranes were provided. The paper has some application value.</p><p>　　© 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.</p>&

6、lt;p>　　Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of ICAE2011.</p><p>　　Keywords:Metallurgical Crane, Optimization, General structure, Hoisting mechanism.</p><p>　　Introduction</p&g

7、t;<p>　　Metallurgical crane is a kind of lifting equipment. It is always used in these departments, for example, casting sector, forging departments, quenching sector, metallurgy sector. With the development of po

8、wer generation equipment, petroleum, chemicals, heavy machinery and higher quality requirements of users for large forgings, both of heat treatment technology and equipment are needed a corresponding increase. In additio

9、n, the size of quenching crane used for lifting heavy forgings is also incr</p><p>　　Key technical features of crane</p><p>　　According to the working principle of metallurgical crane and design

10、 requirements, design handbooks for crane were consulted, key technical features of crane were gotten as follows.</p><p>　　* Corresponding author. Tel.: 13678389985 E-mail address: wuxianwen01@163.com</p&

11、gt;<p>　　1877-7058 © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.</p><p>　　doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2737</p><p>　　Lifting capacity</p><p>　

12、　Main hook: 320[t]; Auxiliary hook: 50[t].</p><p>　　Span Lk=22[m].</p><p>　　) Lifting height</p><p>　　Main hook: 23[m]；Auxiliary hook:24[m].</p><p>　　Rated working spe

13、ed</p><p>　　Key Lifting Mechanism of main hook:16 [ m/min]；</p><p>　　Key Lifting Mechanism of auxiliary hook:19.6 [m/min]；</p><p>　　Trolley travelling speed:26 [m/min]；Crane travell

14、ing speed:41 [m/min].</p><p>　　Limit position</p><p>　　Distance between the center of main hook and the rail surface of crane: 2000[m]. Distance between the center of auxiliary hook and the rail

15、 surface of crane: 1000[m].</p><p>　　Design standard and principle</p><p>　　In view of applying working condition and working requirements of metallurgical crane, hoisting capacity, price and sp

16、eed must be considered. So the standards GB3811-83 specification for crane design, the standards GB6067-85 specification for crane safety and the standards JB5898-91 specification for metallurgical crane must be abided d

17、uring design process [2]. There are some considered factors, such as surface treatment of steel structure, electrical system protection and operation mode. Electr</p><p>　　General structure of the crane</

18、p><p>　　320/50t bridge crane is a quenching crane which combines with large scale work-piece to do for the hardening treatment, at the same time, and it can be used as hoisting equipment for large parts. This c

19、rane consists mainly of a trolley, the bridge frame, the travelling mechanism of the larger traveler, the overload safety protection device, the driver cab,the maintenance chamber, the trolley power chamber, the drying-

20、oil lubricating device, the electrical system. The structure of crane is as sh</p><p>　?、?Trolley Power Supply ②-Maintenance room ③-Driver room ④-Trolley ⑤Bridge ⑥-Gantry Fig.1 Main components of metallurgic

21、al crane</p><p><b>　　Trolley</b></p><p>　　A trolley consists mainly of a trolley frame, master-slave hoisting mechanism, wheeling mechanism, and 320/50t subassembly of hanger which i

22、s shown in Fig.2. Every main beam and end beam of trolley frame are both for box-section beam structure. Trolley frame for assembled structures has sufficient strength and rigidity, on the other hand, it must be certain

23、that their connections are safe and reliable. Trolley frame deformation when it acted by load should be without influence in their normal wo</p><p>　?、?320t Hook group ②-50t Hook group ③-trolley travelling m

24、echanism ④-Main lifting mechanism</p><p>　?、?Trolley frame ⑥-Auxiliary lifting mechanism</p><p>　　Fig.2 Car of metallurgical crane</p><p>　　Master hoisting mechanism</p><

25、p>　　Four ordinary motors separately drive four drums via gear reducer and realize mechanical synchronous for four drums by combining high-speed synchronous shaft with the two-motor synchronous system.</p><p

26、>　　Slave hoisting mechanism</p><p>　　A motor drives twin-drum via gear reducer. The winding system is linked to winding drum groups, fixed pulley groups and mobile pulley groups through the rope.</p>

27、;<p>　　Four groups of disk brakes are used by master hoisting mechanism, but two-part hydraulic thruster brake is used by slave hoisting mechanism. The winding drum is made by steel plate with rolling-welding</

28、p><p>　　procedure. The rolled wheel flange pulley is used. The motor of medium hard tooth surface with double input and double output is utilized. Wheeling mechanism of trolley</p><p>　　The central

29、ized driving method of trolley’s wheeling mechanism is 1/4 duty. Motors drive two wheels via vertical gear reducer which is fixed on the trolley [4].</p><p>　　The motor is linked to the gear reducer through

30、full tooth couplings. The connection between gear reducer and wheel is realized by cross-axle universal shaft couplings. Angle-closure bearing box is used by wheel groups. Double-flange cylindrical tread type is used by

31、wheels. The type of hydraulic thruster brake is block. The type of vertical gear reducer is QJ and has middle hard gear-face.</p><p>　　Safety protection</p><p>　　Master-slave hoisting mechanism

32、has position limitation protection switch and over-speed protection switch. The overload restrictor is set under the balancing arm of master-slave hoisting mechanism, and a suggestive alarm can send out when the rating l

33、oad is 90%. In addition, hoisting mechanism can only decrease when the rating load is 105%.</p><p>　　One rotary encoder is each installed on the low speed axial of two gear reducers to detect synchronization

34、 of low speed axial. The practical production shows that the synchronization error of low speed axial of two gear reducers is more than 5% on the start, the motor is immediately made to stop running.</p><p>

35、　　Design calculation of key Lifting Mechanism of crane</p><p>　　Calculation of maximum static pulling force of wire rope</p><p><b>　　S ?Q</b></p><p><b>　　2myy1<

36、;/b></p><p><b>　　(1)</b></p><p>　　Q1 -Weight of hoisting load ( Q1 ??320[t] );</p><p>　　m - multiplying power of pulley block ( m ?12 );</p><p>　　y1 - Ef

37、ficiency of pulley block ( y1 ??0.95 );</p><p>　　Q2 -Deadweight of spreader( Q2 ??30[t] );</p><p>　　Q ??Q1 ??Q2 ;</p><p>　　y2 - Efficiency of guide pulley ( y2 ??0.98 );</p>

38、;<p>　　The result of S</p><p>　　is 15.66[t].</p><p>　　Selection of wire rope</p><p>　　The maximal broken pulling force must be satisfied the following conditions through Eq.2

39、.</p><p>　　Smax ??n S</p><p><b>　　(2)</b></p><p>　　The type of wire rope is 44ZAA6×36SW+IWR1670ZS which the broken pulling force of this wire rope is 117.2[t]. The

40、 actual safety coefficient of wire rope is 7.5 [5].</p><p>　　Calculation of drum length</p><p>　　Effective length of drum can be calculated through Eq.3.</p><p><b>　　Hm</b&

41、gt;</p><p><b>　　L0 ??(?D</b></p><p><b>　　n) ??t</b></p><p><b>　　(3)</b></p><p>　　H - Maximal lifting height ( H ??23.5[m] );</p&

42、gt;<p>　　m - Multiplying power of single group pulley block ( m ??6 );</p><p>　　t - Pitch of rope groove ( t ??49[m] );</p><p>　　n - Safety cycle number ( n ??3 ).</p><p>　　T

43、he whole length is calculated through Eq.4.</p><p>　　L ??L1 ??L2 ??L0</p><p><b>　　(4)</b></p><p>　　L1 - Length of polished rod ( L1 ??326[mm] ); L2 -Fixed length of wire

44、 rope ( L2 ?147[mm] ). So the whole length of drum is 2300[mm].</p><p>　　Furthermore, roll strength and stability need to be calculated by the corresponding equations. The type of main lifting motor is YZR4

45、50L1-8, its rotary speed is 742[r/min] and its power is 475[KW]. The torque of main lifting gearbox is 3.55[KNm], and its drive ratio is 31.7. The type of main lifting brake is TEXU500-C.</p><p>　　Conclusion

46、s</p><p>　　According to application, structural features of the quenching crane, related technical documents, and specific national standards, main technical parameters of the quenching crane were designed a

47、nd calculated. At present, the crane has been in the efficient operation in the heat treatment plant of an enterprise. This development of 320t quenching crane met the development needs of enterprise production. A guidel

48、ine and reference for the future design of similar cranes were provided .The paper h</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　[1] Rangwala S C. Enginneering Materials. Charotor Book stoll, 1980:145-147</

49、p><p>　　[2] Zhang Meijuan, Lu Yaofu, Jin Jian, et a1. Application of once molding construction method of concrete with Bailey crane and large steel formwork to Caoejiang Sluice, Water Resources and Hydropower E

50、ngineering, 2007:368-378</p><p>　　[3] Wang xin, Wei Shangwu. Hidden Trouble of the Generator Used in Frame Crane and Improvement on It, Electrical Machinery Technology, 2006:667-670</p><p>　　[4]

51、 Jackrit Suthakornl. Anti-Swing Control of Suspended Loads on Shipboard Robotic Cranes. American Control Conference. 1 999:332-336</p><p>　　[5] Vaha, P., Pieska S., Timonen E.. Robotization of an Off shore C

52、ontainer Crane. Technical Research Center of Finland.</p><p>　　1988:637-648</p><p>　　2011年國際會議上的發(fā)展工程</p><p>　　大型冶金起重機優(yōu)化設(shè)計的研究</p><p>　　Xianwen Wu a， Bo Chen a ， Dan Zhan

53、g a， Jian Li b，a*</p><p>　　a中國四川德陽市618000四川工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院</p><p>　　b中國四川德陽市618000中國第二重型工業(yè)集團公司</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　　根據(jù)此應(yīng)用程序，320/50t-22m大型淬火起重機的結(jié)構(gòu)和技術(shù)要求，起重機

54、的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和起重機制進行了優(yōu)化，對起重機的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)進行了計算。對設(shè)計中的關(guān)鍵問題進行了研討。為未來的類似起重機的設(shè)計和計算提供了參考。此論文具有一定的應(yīng)用價值。</p><p>　　2011年由Elsevier Ltd.出版，在CC BY-NC-ND 許可下公開訪問</p><p>　　ICAE2011負責(zé)選擇及同行評審</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：冶金起重機、

55、優(yōu)化、總體結(jié)構(gòu)、起重機制。</p><p><b>　　1 簡介</b></p><p>　　冶金起重機是一種起重設(shè)備。它通常被用于這些部門，例如鑄造行業(yè)、鍛造部門、淬火行業(yè)、冶金行業(yè)。隨著發(fā)電設(shè)備的發(fā)展，石油、化工和重型機械以及用戶對于大型鍛件的質(zhì)量要求越來越高，熱處理技術(shù)和設(shè)備都需要有相應(yīng)的提升。另外，用于起重重型鍛件的淬火起重機的大小也需要加大。因為，淬火起重

56、機的重量很重以及淬火起重機的制造更加復(fù)雜， 在設(shè)計上具有較高的技術(shù)難度。因此，在中國320/50t大小的淬火起重機是相當(dāng)?shù)拇?。起重機的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和起重機制的優(yōu)化討論如下。</p><p>　　2 起重機的主要技術(shù)特點</p><p>　　根據(jù)冶金起重機的工作原理和設(shè)計要求，編寫了起重機的設(shè)計手冊。起重機的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)特點如下。</p><p><b>　?。?

57、）起重能力</b></p><p>　　主要看點：320[t]；輔助鉤：50[t]。</p><p>　?。?）范圍長度= 22[m]。</p><p>　　（3）舉升高度主鉤：23[m]， 副鉤：24[m]。</p><p>　?。?）額定工作速度起重機制的主鉤：16(m/min)；起重機制的副鉤：19.6(m/min)

58、；小車運行速度：26(m/min)；起重機運行速度：41(m/min)。</p><p>　　（5）極限位置主鉤的中心到起重機的軌面距離為：2000[m]。副鉤中心和起重機的軌面距離為：1000[m]。</p><p>　　3 設(shè)計標準和原則</p><p>　　對冶金起重機的工作應(yīng)用的條件和工作需求，托舉載荷和價格及速度必須要考慮。GB3811–83標準規(guī)

59、范了起重機的設(shè)計，GB6067-85標準規(guī)范了起重機的安全，JB5898-91標準規(guī)范了冶金起重機，所以在設(shè)計過程中這些規(guī)范必須被遵守[2]。有一些需要考慮的因素，如鋼結(jié)構(gòu)表面處理，電力系統(tǒng)保護和操作模式。電氣控制模式是通過變頻器來實現(xiàn)的。起重機橋的計算，選擇整個起重機的布局方案模型證明的計算和通過條件的方法計算或類比的分析方法，去實現(xiàn)整個設(shè)計計算。這種用于計算危險界面內(nèi)力的機械方法用于結(jié)構(gòu)上。通過容許應(yīng)力發(fā)或者極限狀態(tài)法設(shè)計一個橫截面

60、和檢查強度和剛度為了優(yōu)化起重機的總體設(shè)計[3]。</p><p>　　4 總體結(jié)構(gòu)的起重機</p><p>　　320/50t橋式起重機是一種結(jié)合大型做硬化處理的淬火起重機，與此同時，它可以用作大型起重設(shè)備部分。起重機主要由電車，橋架，更大的行駛機制，過載安全保護裝置，司機駕駛室，維護室，電車電力室，干油潤滑設(shè)備，電氣系統(tǒng)。起重機的結(jié)構(gòu)，如圖1所示。</p><p&g

61、t;　?、匐娷嚬╇娧b置②維護房間③司機室④電車⑤橋⑥龍門</p><p>　　圖1冶金起重機的主要組件</p><p><b>　　4.1 電車</b></p><p>　　小車主要由小車框架，從動起重機制，旋轉(zhuǎn)機制，320/50t懸掛器的組件如圖2所示。每一個小車框架的主橫梁和端梁都是箱形斷面梁結(jié)構(gòu)。電車框架組裝結(jié)構(gòu)有足夠的強度和剛度，另一面

62、，必須確定其連接安全可靠。當(dāng)它載荷時，電車框架變形不影響它們的正常工作。</p><p>　?、?320 t鉤組②-50 t鉤組③電車行駛機制④主要起重機制⑤電車框架⑥輔助起重機制</p><p><b>　　圖2汽車冶金起重機</b></p><p><b>　　主起重機制</b></p><p&g

63、t;　　通過齒輪減速器，四個普通電機分別驅(qū)動四個滾輪并實現(xiàn)機械同步為了在兩個電動機同步系統(tǒng)中四滾輪結(jié)合高速同步軸。</p><p><b>　　從動起重機制</b></p><p>　　通過減速器電動機驅(qū)動雙滾輪。圈繞系統(tǒng)通過繩子連接圈繞滾輪組件，固定滾輪組件和移動滾輪組件。</p><p>　　主起重機制，采用四組磁盤制動裝置，但從動起重機制

64、采用兩部分液壓推進器制動裝置。圈繞滾輪在滾動焊接過程中采用鋼板成分。使用旋轉(zhuǎn)邊緣滾輪。采用雙輸入雙輸出的中等硬度齒輪面電動機，旋轉(zhuǎn)電車機制。集中驅(qū)動電車的旋轉(zhuǎn)機制的方法是1/4制。電機驅(qū)動兩個輪子通過固定在電車上的垂直齒輪減速器[4]。</p><p>　　電動機與減速器連接通過完整的齒聯(lián)軸器。齒輪減速機和齒輪之間的聯(lián)系通過十字通用聯(lián)軸器來實現(xiàn)。車輪組采用閉角型軸承箱。輪子采用雙邊緣外圓面類型。限制液壓推進器制動

65、類型。立式齒輪減速器的類型是QJ和有中等硬度的齒輪表面。</p><p><b>　　4.2 安全保護</b></p><p>　　主從起重機制有位置限制開關(guān)和超速保護開關(guān)。超載限制器設(shè)置在主從起重機構(gòu)的平衡臂下，當(dāng)負載率到達90%時提示報警。另外，當(dāng)負載率到達105%時起重機制只能減速。每次安裝都要安裝一個旋轉(zhuǎn)器在低速軸上的兩個齒輪減速機中用于檢測低速軸的同步。實際

66、生產(chǎn)表明， 在開始階段兩個齒輪減速機低速軸向同步誤差超過5%，電機立即停止運行。</p><p>　　5 起重機的關(guān)鍵升降機構(gòu)的設(shè)計計算</p><p>　　5.1 計算最大靜態(tài)鋼絲繩的拉力</p><p>　　Q1-起重負載重量（Q = 320[t]）；Q2-傳輸截止重量（Q = 30[t]）</p><p>　　m-滾輪組的復(fù)合力(m

67、*12 )； Q*Q1*Q2；</p><p>　　y1-滾輪組的效率（y1 *0.95）； y2-導(dǎo)向輪的效率（y2 * 0.98）；</p><p>　　S的結(jié)果等于15.66[t].</p><p><b>　　5.2選擇鋼絲繩</b></p><p>　　最大斷裂的拉力必須滿足下列公式2的條件。</

68、p><p>　　鋼絲繩的類型是44ZAA6×36SW+IWR1670ZS這個鋼絲繩的斷裂拉力是117.2[t]。鋼絲繩的安全系數(shù)是7.5[5]。</p><p><b>　　5.3滾輪長度計算</b></p><p>　　滾輪有效長度通過公式3計算</p><p>　　H-最大上升高度( H = 23.5[m] )

69、；</p><p>　　m-單組滾輪組的復(fù)合力(m * 6 )；</p><p>　　t-繩槽的深度(t=49[m] )；</p><p>　　n-安全周期數(shù)(n=3)；</p><p>　　通過公式4可以算出整個繩子長度。</p><p>　　L1-拋光桿的長度（L = 326[m ]）</p><

70、;p>　　L2-鋼絲繩的固定長度（L2=147[m ]）；</p><p>　　所以整個滾筒的長度是2300[mm]；</p><p>　　此外，軋輥強度和穩(wěn)定性需要相應(yīng)的計算方程。主要起重電動機的類型是YZR450L1-8。其轉(zhuǎn)速742 [r / min]和它的功率是475千瓦。主要起重變速箱的扭矩是3.55(KNm)，其傳動比為31.7。主要起重制動的類型是TEXU500-C。&

71、lt;/p><p><b>　　6 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　根據(jù)應(yīng)用程序，淬火起重機的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，相關(guān)技術(shù)文件，國家的特定標準， 淬火起重機的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)進行了計算和設(shè)計。目前，這種起重機被高效的應(yīng)用在熱處理工廠的企業(yè)里。320噸淬火起重機的發(fā)展遇到了企業(yè)生產(chǎn)需求的發(fā)展。對未來類似的起重機的設(shè)計是一個很好的參考和引導(dǎo)。此論文具有一定的應(yīng)用價值。</p>

72、;<p><b>　　參考文獻</b></p><p>　　[1] Rangwala S C. Enginneering Materials. Charotor Book stoll， 1980：145-147</p><p>　　[2] Zhang Meijuan， Lu Yaofu， Jin Jian， et a1. Application of

73、 once molding construction method of concrete with Bailey crane and large steel formwork to Caoejiang Sluice， Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering， 2007：368-378</p><p>　　[3] Wang xin， Wei Shangwu. Hid

74、den Trouble of the Generator Used in Frame Crane and Improvement on It， Electrical Machinery Technology， 2006：667-670</p><p>　　[4] Jackrit Suthakornl. Anti-Swing Control of Suspended Loads on Shipboard Robo

75、tic Cranes. American Control Conference. 1999：332-336</p><p>　　[5] Vaha， P.， Pieska S.， Timonen E.. Robotization of an Off shore Container Crane. Technical Research Center of Finland. 1988：637-648</p>