論文句子翻譯 賞析

1、<p>　　1: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic and mainly contribute to the formation of photochemical smog with a consequent remarkable impact to the air quality.</p><p>　　翻譯：揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物是有毒的，而且會(huì)造成光化學(xué)

2、煙霧的形成，從而對(duì)空氣質(zhì)量造成很大的影響。</p><p>　　分析: 該句子雖然結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，但是內(nèi)容非常緊湊，用少量的單詞表達(dá)了很具體的意思，值得學(xué)習(xí)。 其中and為連詞，連接前后的并列句。</p><p>　　Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)為主語，前半句Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，

3、后半句謂語動(dòng)詞為contribute這個(gè)詞用的非常好，用動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)出了形容詞的意思，適合科技論文的寫法，with a consequent remarkable impact是with結(jié)構(gòu) 做定語修飾photochemical smog，to the air quality也是定語結(jié)構(gòu)修飾photochemical smog。</p><p>　　2：Pt and Pd over alumina were foun

4、d both highly active for the oxidation of benzene and butanol, while ethyl acetate was more dif?cultly oxidized.</p><p>　　翻譯：氧化鋁負(fù)載的鉛和鉑對(duì)氧化苯和丁醇均有很高活性，但是乙酸乙酯更難被氧化。</p><p>　　分析：該句使用了while做連詞，而且主句使用了

5、were found的結(jié)構(gòu)，由于科技論文不以人為主語，所以這種用法在科技論文中非常常見，值得學(xué)習(xí)記住。Pt and Pd是主語，were found是謂語，highly active for the oxidation of benzene and butanol均是主語補(bǔ)足語，這個(gè)用法非常的好。while ethyl acetate was more dif?cultly oxidized則是轉(zhuǎn)折狀語從句。</p>&l

6、t;p>　　3：Moreover, it is worth to mention that recently metallic structured short-channel Cr–Al steel substrates of various geometries have been proposed as an alternative to ceramic monolith for VOCs combustion.</p

7、><p>　　翻譯：另外，值得注意的是最近許多各種幾何結(jié)構(gòu)的短道金屬互化物被認(rèn)為可以用來代替陶瓷材料催化燃燒揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物。</p><p>　　分析：該句是典型的形式主語加同謂語從句，是必須要學(xué)會(huì)的用法。It 是形式主語，to mention是真正的主語， metallic structured short-channel Cr–Al steel substrates of various g

8、eometries have been proposed as an alternative to ceramic monolith for VOCs combustion則是同謂語從句。as an alternative to ceramic monolith for VOCs combustion是狀語成分，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞proposed。</p><p>　　4：An important aspect con

9、cerning the oxidation of VOC over</p><p>　　noble metal catalysts is that the reaction is generally recognized</p><p>　　to be structure sensitive.</p><p>　　翻譯：有關(guān)用惰性金屬催化劑氧化揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物的一個(gè)重要

10、特點(diǎn)是，該反應(yīng)一般被認(rèn)為和催化劑結(jié)構(gòu)緊密相關(guān)。</p><p>　　分析：該句子是一個(gè)復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句，將負(fù)責(zé)的主語放在句末，便于理解，是很好的寫法。句中the reaction is generally recognized</p><p>　　to be structure sensitive是整個(gè)句子真正的主句，to be structure sensitive是不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語

11、修飾分句中的主語reaction，concerning the oxidation of VOC over noble metal catalysts整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾aspect，而在現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，of VOC和over noble metal catalysts分別作定語修飾oxidation。</p><p>　　5： Because of their harmful properties an

12、d due to the progressive</p><p>　　increase of VOCs emissions, the release of VOCs into the environment is being controlled by increasingly stringent regulation.</p><p>　　翻譯：由于揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物的有害性質(zhì)和它揮發(fā)量的不斷

13、增長，降低進(jìn)行環(huán)境中的揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物已經(jīng)急迫的需要用法規(guī)來進(jìn)行控制。</p><p>　　分析：該句最大的特點(diǎn)就是使用大量的介詞短語和利用and并列了兩個(gè)表示原因的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，分別是Because of their harmful properties，due to the progressive increase of VOCs emissions，這兩個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)分別作原因狀語，修飾后面的主句。在主句中的其主

14、語為the release，其后使用一系列的結(jié)構(gòu)來修飾，擴(kuò)展句子的意思。Of VOCs介詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語修飾the release，into the environment介詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語修飾VOCs。being controlled是謂語動(dòng)詞，用的非常好，表現(xiàn)出了控制的緊迫性。by increasingly stringent regulation則是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語。</p><p>　　6：Membrane fou

15、ling may be the main obstacle for wider implementation of ultra?tration, which usually causes higher costs of energy, operation, and maintenance.</p><p>　　翻譯：會(huì)導(dǎo)致更高能源，操作，維護(hù)費(fèi)用的膜污染是大規(guī)模應(yīng)用超濾技術(shù)的最大障礙。</p>&l

16、t;p>　　分析：本句使用了定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，這是科技論文寫作必須掌握的方法。</p><p>　　Membrane fouling是主語，may be是謂語，main obstacle是賓語，for wider implementation of ultra?tration是賓語補(bǔ)足語。which usually causes higher costs of energy, operation, and ma

17、intenance是定語從句修飾主語。在從句中of energy, operation, and maintenance是定語修飾costs。</p><p>　　7：It is named membrane fouling which is the most limiting factor for wider application of ultra?ltration.</p><p>

18、　　翻譯：對(duì)超濾技術(shù)大規(guī)模應(yīng)用限制最大的正式所謂的膜污染。</p><p>　　分析：該句使用定語的結(jié)構(gòu)，非常常見，但是必須掌握。which is the most limiting factor for wider application of ultra?ltration是定語從句修飾it。 for wider application是賓語補(bǔ)足語修飾factor，of ultra?ltration作定語修飾a

19、pplication。</p><p>　　8：Though the ultra?ltration grew fast during the past twenty years, the membrane fouling problem is always the critical issue which inhibits its wider application for drinking water prod

20、uction.</p><p>　　翻譯：盡管超濾技術(shù)在過去20年發(fā)展迅速，但是膜污染依舊是限制其廣泛應(yīng)用與生產(chǎn)飲用水最主要的困難。</p><p>　　分析：該句話使用了讓步狀語從句和定語從句，grew這個(gè)詞用的很好，需要學(xué)會(huì)。the ultra?ltration是從句的主語，during the past twenty years是狀語修飾grew。he membrane foulin

21、g problem是主句的主語，which inhibits its wider application for drinking water production是定語從句修飾issue。</p><p>　　9：It is that during the whole coagulation process, there must be a proper time, from initiating coagul

22、ation to ending sedimentation, to form a kind of special ?ocs to minimize UF fouling.</p><p>　　翻譯：在整個(gè)凝結(jié)過程中，從最開始的混凝到最終的沉淀之間肯定存在一個(gè)一段時(shí)間，會(huì)形成特殊的絮體來最小化膜污染。</p><p>　　分析：該句使用了賓語從句，需要注意it在這不是形式主語。during

23、the whole coagulation process是狀語修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，there must be a proper time, from initiating coagulation to ending sedimentation, to form a kind of special ?ocs to minimize UF fouling都是賓語從句。在從句中，from initiating coagulation to end

24、ing sedimentation和to form a kind of special ?ocs to minimize UF fouling分別是介賓結(jié)構(gòu)表示范圍狀語，和不定式表示目的狀語。</p><p>　　10：During recent decades, reports worldwide show a continuing increase in the color and NOM of the su

25、rface water, which has an adverse affect on drinking water puri?cation.</p><p>　　翻譯：最近幾十年，世界范圍內(nèi)的研究報(bào)告顯示，地表水的色度和有機(jī)物含量持續(xù)增加，這會(huì)對(duì)飲用水的凈化產(chǎn)生不利的影響。</p><p>　　分析：這個(gè)句子使用了非限制性定語從句，在一個(gè)句子中完整的表達(dá)了許多的意思，是科技論文常用的寫作

26、手法。該句主句為reports worldwide show a continuing increase in the color and NOM of the surface water，其中reports為主語，a continuing increase為賓語，show是謂語動(dòng)詞，in the color and NOM of the surface water是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語修飾increase。During recent dec

27、ades則是時(shí)間狀語修飾整個(gè)句子。which has an adverse affect on drinking water puri?cation是非限制性定語部分，整個(gè)修飾continuing increase，其中的drinking water puri?cation是一種常見的動(dòng)名詞形式。</p><p>　　11：It is also important to be able to understand

28、 and predict the reactivity of NOM or its fractions in different steps of the treatment.</p><p>　　翻譯：理解和預(yù)測自然有機(jī)物在處理的不同階段的反應(yīng)及其產(chǎn)物非常重要。</p><p>　　分析：本句話用it做形式主語的方式，這是研究論文中非常常用的表達(dá)形式。真正的主語是to be able t

29、o understand and predict the reactivity of NOM or its fractions in different steps of the treatment.是動(dòng)詞不定式做主語，其中to understand and predict the reactivity of NOM or its fractions in different steps of the treatment.表目的狀語，i

30、n different steps of the treatment是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語修飾fractions。</p><p>　　12: The present review focuses on the methods used for characterisation and quanti?cation of NOM in relation to drinking water treatment.</p

31、><p>　　翻譯：該綜述文章重點(diǎn)論述了這些方法用于飲用水方面的自然有機(jī)物的定性和定量檢測。</p><p>　　分析：本句的主體是The present review focuses on the methods，其實(shí)focuses on是謂語動(dòng)詞，這是科技論文中一種十分常用的表示重點(diǎn)所在的說法。used for characterisation and quanti?cation of N

32、OM是過去分詞作定語，修飾methods。而in relation to drinking water treatment則是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)在定語修飾NOM，drinking water treatment跟在介詞to的后面，所以要用動(dòng)名詞的形式。</p><p>　　13：Although there have been some attempts to determine the toxic effects of

33、 AgNPs in mammalian and human cell-lines, there is little information on plants which play a vital role in ecosystems.</p><p>　　翻譯：盡管已經(jīng)有許多的研究試圖找到納米銀對(duì)哺乳類和人體的細(xì)胞影響，但是對(duì)在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中至關(guān)重要的植物的相關(guān)信息還非常少。</p><p>

34、;　　分析：本句使用了Although做退步狀語從句，使用了there be的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)還包含定語從句的部分，雖然句子內(nèi)容包含很多，但是結(jié)構(gòu)條理十分清晰，值得學(xué)習(xí)。</p><p>　　Although there have been some attempts to determine the toxic effects of AgNPs in mammalian and human cell-lines是退

35、步狀語從句部分，there be 的結(jié)構(gòu)attempts是真正的主語to determine the toxic effects of AgNPs in mammalian and human cell-lines則是主語補(bǔ)助語，of AgNPs是介賓結(jié)構(gòu)做定語修飾effects，而in mammalian and human cell-lines是在定語修飾AgNPs。</p><p>　　對(duì)于主句there

36、 is little information on plants which play a vital role in ecosystems.也是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，真正主語是information，on plants 在定語修飾information。而定語從句hich play a vital role in ecosystems則是做定語修飾plants。</p><p>　　14：With incre

37、asing interest in its potential toxicity, the adverse effects of engineered nanomaterials are intensively being investigated.</p><p>　　翻譯：隨著對(duì)其潛在毒性的興趣，工程的納米材料的毒性正被集中研究。</p><p>　　分析：這句話使用了with結(jié)構(gòu)做現(xiàn)

38、在分詞的狀語，這是一種很值得學(xué)習(xí)的科技論文的寫作方法。With increasing interest in its potential toxicity是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語，in its potential toxicity是做定語修飾interest，而主句則是the adverse effects of engineered nanomaterials are intensively being investigated.可以看

39、到用了being的表達(dá)方式，科技論文一般不用人在主語，而是用物品做主語，即使是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)也是這樣，這是很值得我在時(shí)候?qū)懽鞯臅r(shí)候注意的。of engineered nanomaterials則是做定語修飾the adverse effects。</p><p>　　15：In spite of the wide usage of AgNP in wound dressings, which can caus

40、e easy entry into the cells, very few reports on the toxicity of AgNPs are available.</p><p>　　翻譯：盡管納米銀被廣泛的使用做處置傷口，這會(huì)使其很容易進(jìn)入細(xì)胞之中，但是相關(guān)的毒性研究卻很少。</p><p>　　分析：該句子的最大特點(diǎn)就是使用了非限制性定語從句去補(bǔ)充修飾非主語的部分，這種寫作并

41、不常見，之所以將非限制性定語從句放在主句之前，我認(rèn)為在這非限制性定語從句有著表示愿意的含義。</p><p>　　In spite of the wide usage of AgNP in wound dressings是介詞短語作狀語，雖然結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，但是充分說明了含義，很值得學(xué)習(xí)，of AgNP做usage的定語，而n wound dressings則是AgNP的定語。which can cause easy

42、 entry into the cells整個(gè)定語從句是用來修飾前面整個(gè)狀語部分的，這種用法可以起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用into the cells則是做entry的定語，后置定語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明也是科技論文常見的一種寫作手法。very few reports on the toxicity of AgNPs are available則是真正的主語部分，可以看到真正的謂語和表語部分其實(shí)很短，所以把狀語前置，和主句分開可以使句子的主要意思表達(dá)的更

43、加清晰，on the toxicity of AgNPs都是定語修飾reports。</p><p>　　16：Even if a nanoparticle itself is not especially toxic, silver nanoparticles increase the effectiveness of delivering toxic silver ions to locations whe

44、re they can cause toxicity。</p><p>　　翻譯：盡管納米粒子本身并不非常有毒性，但是銀納米粒子提高有毒性的銀粒子進(jìn)入其能引起毒性位置的效率。</p><p>　　分析：該句子也使用了科技論文中很常見的讓步狀語從句來完整的表達(dá)其含義，而且只用一句話就清晰的表達(dá)出了原本負(fù)責(zé)的意思。Even if a nanoparticle itself is not esp

45、ecially toxic是從句部分做讓步狀語，值得注意的是itself在這做狀語修飾nanoparticle，這是一種很好的用法，用一個(gè)單詞就表現(xiàn)了原本需要一個(gè)從句表達(dá)的意思。在主句部分中謂語動(dòng)詞increase用的非常好，這個(gè)單詞原本很少做及物動(dòng)詞使用，但是在這確非常準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)了提供的含義。where they can cause toxicity是用來修飾locations的，where相當(dāng)于in which也是很好的用法。&l

46、t;/p><p>　　17：It was found that the mitotic index significantly decreased as the Ag-NPs doses increased.</p><p>　　翻譯：可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，細(xì)胞有絲分裂指數(shù)隨著銀納米粒子劑量的升高而下降。</p><p>　　分析：這句話使用了it做形式主語的方式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的排布非

47、常好，包括伴隨狀語從句的用法，都非常簡潔精練。It是形式主語，the mitotic index significantly decreased as the Ag-NPs doses increased是真正的主語，as the Ag-NPs doses increased是伴隨狀語從句用的很好，句子很簡單，但是表達(dá)了很完整的意思。而was found 才是真正的謂語，將其放在句首，意思清晰明了，這種用法非常值得學(xué)習(xí)。</p&g

48、t;<p>　　18：The increase in the induction of structural chromosomal aberrations was found to be statistically significant in exposed root-tips compared to control.</p><p>　　翻譯：與對(duì)照組相比，在暴露組中，結(jié)構(gòu)染色體的畸變從統(tǒng)計(jì)

49、學(xué)上顯著增多。</p><p>　　分析：本句的結(jié)構(gòu)排布非常好，主語使用increase，將修飾主語的部分和主語分開，句子結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，還很好的表達(dá)出了句子的中心含義。in the induction of structural chromosomal aberrations這部分原本可以做主語的，在該句中用來做定語修飾increase，反而起到了很好的補(bǔ)充說明的作用，這種寫作手法值得借鑒。was found是真正

50、的謂語部分，而to be statistically significant則是做主語補(bǔ)助語，對(duì)主語的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明。in exposed root-tips compared to control也是做定語修飾increase。control在這是名詞，指對(duì)照組。</p><p>　　19：Plant species are widely used for monitoring air pollution a

51、nd for screening environmental chemicals for their genotoxic effects.</p><p>　　翻譯：植物物種被廣泛用于檢測空氣污染和審查環(huán)境化學(xué)藥品的遺傳毒性。</p><p>　　分析：該句使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，比較好的是用了3個(gè)for的結(jié)構(gòu)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)非常美觀，值得學(xué)習(xí)。Plant species是主語，for monitori

52、ng air pollution，for screening environmental chemicals都是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)做目的狀語，兩者是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，非常美觀。for their genotoxic effects是表示原因的狀語，用來補(bǔ)充說明。</p><p>　　20：The growing public debate on the toxicity and environmental impact of ex

53、posures to nanoparticles has not yet thoroughly established.</p><p>　　翻譯：關(guān)于納米材料的暴露導(dǎo)致的毒性和環(huán)境影響的爭論還沒有完全得出結(jié)論。</p><p>　　分析：該句將修飾主語的大量成分謂語句子中間，將主語和謂語分別放在句首和句尾，是很好的用法。The growing public debate是主語，on th

54、e toxicity and environmental impact則是做定語修飾debate。of exposures to nanoparticles是定語用來修飾impact， has not established才是真正的謂語，放在句首，方便理解。</p><p>　　21：AgNPs may penetrate the skin via textile or wound dressing</

55、p><p>　　contact, be inheled from some spray medicine, or ingress into the</p><p>　　female genital tract by incorporation into female hygienic products or medical implants.</p><p>　　翻譯：

56、納米銀會(huì)通過經(jīng)過紡織品和傷口接觸滲透皮膚，通過噴霧藥劑吸入，通過女性保健品或醫(yī)療埋置物進(jìn)入女性生殖器官。</p><p>　　分析：本句最大的特點(diǎn)是采用了并列的謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)用的非常好，很值得學(xué)習(xí)借鑒。主語是AgNPs，may作為共享的助動(dòng)詞，三個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞分別是penetrate ，be inheled ，ingress。via textile or wound dressing作為狀語修飾第一個(gè)賓語skin，b

57、y incorporation into female hygienic products or medical implants則是作為狀語修飾tract。</p><p>　　22：The production, use , and disposal of AgNPs-containing</p><p>　　products can lead to the release of in

58、creased amount s of silver</p><p>　　into various environmental compartments, where the impacts of</p><p>　　AgNP s and Ag+ to organisms and human beings remains to be</p><p><b>

59、;　　explored.</b></p><p>　　翻譯：含納米銀的產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，使用和處置會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的銀被釋放到環(huán)境介質(zhì)中，而這些環(huán)境介質(zhì)中納米銀和銀離子對(duì)生物和人體的影響還有待研究。</p><p>　　分析：這句話最大的特點(diǎn)是使用了并列的主語，分別是production, use , and disposal，將并列主語放在句首，可以便于理解。of AgNPs-conta

60、ining products 則是三個(gè)主語共同的定語，lead to是整句話的謂語。the release是賓語。of increased amounts of silver</p><p>　　都是定語修飾賓語，into various environmental compartments則是做狀語修飾動(dòng)詞，這是英文常用的表達(dá)手法。where the impacts of</p><p>

61、;　　AgNP s and Ag+ to organisms and human beings remains to be</p><p>　　explored.是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形態(tài)做狀語，用的非常好，where的作用相當(dāng)于副詞。</p><p>　　23：Furthermore, it has the advantage of avoiding the adsorption</p&

62、gt;<p>　　of AgNPs onto the separation medium which occurred in other</p><p>　　procedures such as filtration and dialysis.</p><p>　　翻譯：此外，該方法還可以避免銀納米粒子吸附在分離材質(zhì)上，這在過濾和滲透等其他分離方法中經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)生。</p&

63、gt;<p>　　分析：該句使用了非限制性定語從句修飾，句子雖然長，但是結(jié)構(gòu)清晰便于理解，而且，我也需要學(xué)習(xí)使用Furthermore這樣的副詞，擴(kuò)展自身的單詞量。該句中it是主語，has是謂語，advantage是賓語，在一起出現(xiàn)，便于理解文章意思。of avoiding the adsorption做定語修飾advantage，of AgNPs ，onto the separation medium均是定語修飾adso

64、rption。which occurred in other procedures such as filtration and dialysis.則是作為定語從句修飾前面整句話。</p><p>　　24：This suggests that the common strategy of quantification of AgNPs in consumer products by ICPMS determin

65、ation of total silver after digestion is not reliable, and selective separation of AgNPs from the sample matrix is necessary.</p><p>　　翻譯：這說明通常的利用ICP-MS消解后定量檢測總銀離子的方式在這是不適用的，從樣品基質(zhì)中選擇性分離納米銀是必須的。</p>&l

66、t;p>　　分析：該句話最大的特點(diǎn)是使用了并列的賓語從句，這是要學(xué)習(xí)的一種寫作方式，它把原本兩句話才能解釋清楚的意思在一句話中就表明清楚。This是主語，suggests是謂語，the common strategy of quantification of AgNPs in consumer products by ICPMS determination of total silver after digestion is no

67、t reliable和selective separation of AgNPs from the sample matrix is necessary是并列賓語從句，the common strategy和selective separation分別是兩句的主語，剩下的均是定語修飾的部分。</p><p>　　25: One of the possibilities might be the very low

68、amount of AgNPs available in the products that is less than the limit of detection of the</p><p>　　proposed method.</p><p>　　翻譯：其中一種可能性是產(chǎn)品中僅有很少量的納米銀，而且存在值要低于方法的檢出限。</p><p>　　分析：該句使用

69、了定語從句的方式，而且用了zhat作為引導(dǎo)詞，閱讀時(shí)容易忽視，需要注意。One of the possibilities might be the very low amount of AgNPs available in the products是主句，其中available用來修飾amount of AgNPs用的非常的好，這種用一個(gè)詞賓語補(bǔ)足語的現(xiàn)象非常常見，需要注意。of AgNPs和in the product均是定語成分。t

70、hat is less than the limit of detection of the proposed method.是定語從句，of detection ，of the proposed method均是后置的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語。</p><p>　　26：Given the matrix associated Ag+ in real samples might be extracted into the

71、TX-114-rich phase and falsely counted as AgNPs, it is of interest to study the effects of coexisting Ag+ on the determination of AgNPs.</p><p>　　翻譯：考慮到基質(zhì)中的銀離子有可能被萃取進(jìn)入TX-114富集相并被當(dāng)做錯(cuò)誤的納米銀，有必要研究定量檢測納米銀時(shí)的共存銀離子。&

72、lt;/p><p>　　分析：該句是原因狀語從句，最大的特點(diǎn)是使用了given這個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，這是科技論文中常用的詞匯之一，需要學(xué)習(xí)和注意。在從句Given the matrix associated Ag+ in real samples might be extracted into the TX-114-rich phase and falsely counted as AgNPs中，associated Ag+是

73、過去分詞作定語，into the TX-114-rich phase是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語，需要注意and falsely counted as AgNPs，這里的and是連詞，后面的部分是省略了主語和謂語動(dòng)詞be的句子，這個(gè)用法非常好，可以使句子更加金精練。</p><p>　　it is of interest to study the effects of coexisting Ag+ on the determ

74、ination of AgNPs.主語是it做形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)，of interest也是很好的用法，相當(dāng)于表語的作用，但是用名稱代替形容詞更加符合科技文章的寫作方法。to study the effects of coexisting Ag+ on the determination of AgNPs 是真正的主語。</p><p>　　27：A simple, rapid and inexpensive scr

75、eening test is presented to determine the presence of silver (Ag) nanoparticles in biological samples .</p><p>　　翻譯：一種簡單，快速，不昂貴的篩選試驗(yàn)被用來檢測生物樣品中的銀納米粒子。</p><p>　　分析：這個(gè)句子并沒有復(fù)雜的成分，但是這是文章起始句的常見寫法，雖然簡單

76、，但是卻切中文章主旨。我寫作的時(shí)候也應(yīng)該要注意。to determine the presence of silver (Ag) nanoparticles in biological samples整個(gè)部分是表示目的狀語，of silver (Ag) nanoparticles做定語修飾presence，in biological samples做定語修飾nanoparticles。</p><p>　　28：

77、Although this method holds promise for bioavailability studies, it is perhaps not suited for complex matrices such as biological tissues, and this expensive instrument is restricted to only a few laboratories.</p>

78、<p>　　翻譯：盡管該方法有用于生物研究的可能，但是它可能不適用與復(fù)雜的基質(zhì)，而且實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器僅限于一些實(shí)驗(yàn)室。</p><p>　　分析：該句使用了讓步狀語從句，這樣的用法在科技論文中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，是必須掌握的用法。需要注意的是，在主語中it不是形式主語，it指代前面的方法。such as biological tissues是賓語補(bǔ)足語，用來修飾matrices，restricted to也是常見的用法

79、，需要記住。And是連詞，it is perhaps not suited for complex matrices such as biological tissues和this expensive instrument is restricted to only a few laboratories是并列的句子。</p><p>　　29：This method holds promise given tha

80、t the GF-AAS instruments are less expensive and more available than electron microscopy or I CP-MS.</p><p>　　翻譯：這個(gè)方法擁有GF-AAS儀器比電子顯微鏡，ICP-MS更加便宜和易得的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　分析：這個(gè)句子使用了同謂語從句，同謂語是科技論文中非常常用的用法，同

81、謂語從句也是一樣。given在這作為定語修飾promise，這個(gè)地方用的非常好，簡單但是意思精練。the GF-AAS instruments are less expensive and more available than electron microscopy or I CP-MS是同謂語從句，that是引導(dǎo)詞。從句，and和or前后分別表示并列，前后對(duì)稱，句子非常好看。</p><p>　　30：We

82、further examined the capacity of this technique to resolve mixtures of dissolved and nano-Ag solutions spiked with homogenate extracts.</p><p>　　翻譯：我們又測驗(yàn)了用該技術(shù)處理溶解納米銀和混和均一提取物雜質(zhì)的納米銀溶液的混合物。</p><p>

83、　　分析：這句話使用了科技論文中常用的to do結(jié)構(gòu)做目的狀語方式，需要掌握。to resolve mixtures of dissolved and nano-Ag solutions spiked with homogenate extracts 是做目的狀語，of dissolved and nano-Ag solutions spiked with homogenate extracts整個(gè)部分是定語修飾mixtures，spi

84、ked with homogenate extracts是過去分詞作定語修飾solutions。</p><p>　　31：It provides a simple means to determine the presence of Ag nanoparticles and dissolved Ag in various samples, by either directly determining the a

85、tomization temperature or measuring changes in absorbance at two atomization temperatures.</p><p>　　翻譯：該文提供了通過測量原子化溫度和兩個(gè)原子化溫度之間的吸收率的方式，直接檢測多種樣品中的納米銀和溶解銀的方法。</p><p>　　分析：本句使用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的方式，將原本復(fù)雜的意思得

86、以清晰的表示出來。在主句中to determine the presence of Ag nanoparticles and dissolved Ag in various samples做目的狀語修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，of Ag nanoparticles and dissolved Ag為定語修飾presence，而in various samples則是兩種銀離子共同的定語。by either是非常好的用法，用很簡單的介賓結(jié)構(gòu)提供了相當(dāng)于

87、副詞的用法，清晰的表達(dá)了原本可能要用從句才能表達(dá)的意思。by either directly determining the atomization temperature or measuring changes in absorbance at two atomization temperatures.是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，in absorbance at two atomization temperatures是定語修飾changes

88、。</p><p>　　32：Other studies have shown that Ag nanoparticles and aggregates were detected in medaka fish liver using hyper-spectral imaging of liver slices and in rainbow trout.</p><p>　　翻譯：其他的方

89、法顯示銀納米粒子和其聚集物在馬哈魚肺中用超光譜鏡像肺切片和在虹鱒魚內(nèi)的檢測結(jié)果。</p><p>　　分析：該句是典型的賓語從句用法，這種用法科技論文中非常常見，需要掌握。Other studies是主句中的主語，have shown是謂語，that是賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。Ag nanoparticles and aggregates是從句中主語，需要注意的是and并列的是in medaka fish和in rainb

90、ow trout，using hyper-spectral imaging of liver slices是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語修飾detected。</p><p>　　33: This suggests that the procedure cannot clearly discriminate between the sizes of 20 – 80 nm for nano -Ag at first hand.&

91、lt;/p><p>　　翻譯：這說明，該方法不能清晰地在第一時(shí)間分清楚20-80nm的銀納米粒子。</p><p>　　分析：該句是典型的賓語從句，是必須要掌握的用法，另外還有介詞做副詞用的現(xiàn)象，雖然對(duì)我很難掌握，但是在今后閱讀文獻(xiàn)時(shí)需要注意。This是主語，suggests是謂語，that是賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。賓語從句the procedure cannot clearly discrimina

92、te between the sizes of 20 – 80 nm for nano -Ag at first hand中，the procedure是主語，the procedure是謂語，between這個(gè)常用的介詞在這則是作為副詞使用，值得注意。of 20 – 80 nm 和for nano -Ag是定語修飾sizes，但是at first hand則是狀語修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，這種情況很常見，需要注意。</p><

93、p>　　34：Their increasing applicability in different areas due to their high surface area and reactivity has given rise to the vast production of engineered nanomaterials(ENMs), which may reach 58 000 tonnes in the next

94、 10 years.</p><p>　　翻譯：由于納米材料的高表面積和反應(yīng)性，導(dǎo)致了工程納米材料的大量生產(chǎn)，可能達(dá)到了最近10年58000噸。</p><p>　　分析：該句使用了定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)用了give rise to的謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)非常好，值得學(xué)習(xí)。Their increasing applicability是主語，in different areas做定語修飾appl

95、icability，due to their high surface area and reactivity是原因狀語，has given rise是謂語動(dòng)詞和賓語，rise是直接賓語，the vast production of engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)則是間接賓語。which may reach 58 000 tonnes in the next 10 years是定語從句，in the nex

96、t 10 years是時(shí)間狀語。</p><p>　　35：Their predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) have been modeled in different regions of the world and reported in various environmental compartments.</p><p>　　

97、翻譯：他們預(yù)計(jì)的環(huán)境濃度將在世界上不同區(qū)域和不同環(huán)境空間中記錄的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行建模。</p><p>　　分析：該句非常像賓語從句，但是并不是賓語從句，所以閱讀時(shí)需要注意，不然很容易理解錯(cuò)誤意思。Their predicted environmental concentrations是主語，modeled和reported是并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，in different regions和in various environm

98、ental compartments是介詞短語分別做狀語用來修飾謂語。</p><p>　　36：The lower surfactant-rich phase, in which concentrated ZnO NPs were extracted, was separated for subsequent characterization and measurement.</p><p&

99、gt;　　翻譯：用來濃縮氧化鋅納米粒子表面活性劑低濃度相被分離出來進(jìn)行定性和定量的檢測。</p><p>　　分析：該句話使用了定語從句，并且將定語從句部分插入到句子，這種用法便于閱讀時(shí)的理解，是種值得學(xué)習(xí)的方法。The lower surfactant-rich phase 是主語，was separated是謂語subsequent characterization and measurement是賓語。in

100、 which concentrated ZnO NPs were extracted是地點(diǎn)狀語從句，in which 相當(dāng)于where。</p><p>　　37：It is worth mentioning that extraction efficiency might be slightly reduced due to the partial dissolution o f Z nONPs , w hi