紅外遙控系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、<p>　　本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）</p><p><b>　　中英文對(duì)照翻譯</b></p><p>　　院（系部） 電氣工程與自動(dòng)化 </p><p>　　專業(yè)名稱 電子信息工程 </p><p>　　年級(jí)班級(jí)　 04級(jí)7班 </p>&

2、lt;p>　　學(xué)生姓名　 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)老師 </p><p>　　Infrared Remote Control System</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Red outside data corre

3、spondence the technique be currently within the scope of world drive extensive usage of a kind of wireless conjunction technique,drive numerous hardware and software platform support. Red outside the transceiver product

4、 have cost low, small scaled turn, the baud rate be quick, point to point SSL, be free from electromagnetism thousand Raos etc.characteristics, can realization information at dissimilarity of the product fast, convenienc

5、e, safely exchange and transmission, a</p><p>　　The purpose that design this system is transmit customer’s operation information with infrared rays for transmit media, then demodulate original signal with re

6、ceive circuit. It use coding chip to modulate signal and use decoding chip to demodulate signal. The coding chip is PT2262 and decoding chip is PT2272. Both chips are made in Taiwan. Main work principle is that we provid

7、e to input the information for the PT2262 with coding keyboard. The input information was coded by PT2262 and loading to </p><p>　　Keywords:Infrare dray；Code；Decoding；LM386；Redoutside transceiver</p>

8、<p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　1.1 research the background and significance </p><p>　　Infrared Data Communication Technology is the world wide use of a wireless connection technology, by the

9、 many hardware and software platforms supported. Is a data through electrical pulses and infrared optical pulse switch between the wireless data transceiver technology.</p><p>　　Infrared transceiver products

10、 with low cost, small, fast transmission rate, the point-to-point transmission security, not subject to electromagnetic interference and other characteristics that can be achieved between the different products, rapid, c

11、onvenient and safe exchange and transmission, In short distance wireless transmission have a very distinct advantage.</p><p>　　Infrared transceiver products in the portable product of a great role. At presen

12、t, the world's 150 million piece of equipment used infrared technology in electronic products and industrial equipment. medical equipment and other fields widely used. For example, 95% of the notebook computers on th

13、e installation of infrared transceiver interface the majority of the cell phone is also the allocation of infrared transceiver interface. With the exchange of quantitative data, infrared data communicatio</p><

14、p>　　This chapter first describes the infrared transceiver IC design issues to the background and significance. then briefed the infrared data communications technology features and applications, and infrared transceiv

15、er product characteristics, domestic and international situation and development trend of the last under infrared remote transceiver system in practical application to establish a task of design orientation.</p>&

16、lt;p>　　1.2 Infrared Remote ControlTransceiver System</p><p>　　Infrared remote control system is divided into single-channel and multi-channel remote control. Only a command signal transmission channel, ca

17、lled single-channel remote control system; with more than two instructions signal transmission channel known as a multi-channel remote control system. Relatively simple single-channel remote control, in general, only a l

18、auncher directive Key receivers and only one circuit implementation. While in the receiving circuit to add more stable memory circuits tha</p><p>　　Remote transceiver system generally transmitters and receiv

19、ers is composed of two parts. Launchers from the general direction keys, coded instructions circuit modulation circuit, driving circuit, firing circuit of several parts. When pressed a key, the directive coding circuit,

20、in the corresponding instructions encoded signal, the encoder signal to the carrier modulation, Driven by the power amplifier circuit after circuit fired from the field after firing instructions coded modulation signals.

21、 </p><p>　　1.3 infrared remote control transceiver product profiles</p><p>　　1.3.1 infrared remote control transceiver product structure and type </p><p>　　Currently infrared transc

22、eiver in accordance with the mode of transmission rate and can be divided into four categories : Serial mode, the highest rate of 115.2 Kbps; medium-speed model : the highest rate of 0.567 Mbps and 1.152Mbps; High-speed

23、mode : The maximum rate of 16 Mbps.</p><p>　　Also according to the size chip power consumption can be divided into low-power consumption and standard two categories, low-power type normally used 3 V power su

24、pply, transmission distance closer to about 0 - 30cm, which is commonly used standard 5V power supply, transmission distance away at least 1m above.</p><p>　　1.3.2 infrared remote control transmitters of the

25、 status quo at home and abroad</p><p>　　Infrared communication technology in the development stage and there are several infrared communication standards, between different standards for infrared equipment c

26、an not infrared communication. To have all the infrared equipment to interoperability in 1993 by more than 20 large manufacturers initiated the establishment of an Infrared Data Association (IRDA) unified the infrared co

27、mmunication standards , which is currently widely used in infrared data communication protocols and standards, al</p><p>　　Since 1993 IRDA since the establishment of the Infrared Data Association members hav

28、e developed to more than 150. IRDA standards of the industry has been widely recognized and supported. Has been developed with the infrared communications equipment have been as many as 100 species. IR module, installed

29、capacity has reached 150 million sets. Although there is also a short distance wireless Bluetooth technology, But in infrared communication technology low cost and broad compatibility advantages, </p><p>　　1

30、.3.3 Infrared Transceiver product development trend</p><p>　　In various infrared transceiver products, although the transmission rate, transmission distance and other characteristics, But infrared transceive

31、r products has been towards improving the transmission rate, increase the transmission distance and lower power consumption, expanding launch reception angle of development. In particular, as the technology development a

32、nd maturity, the means of transmission is moving in the direction of point-to-multipoint. Therefore infrared remote control transceive</p><p>　　2 Infrared communication of knowledge</p><p>　　2.1

33、 infrared ray foundation knowledge</p><p>　　2.1.1 infrared outlined </p><p>　　Infrared is actually a kind of electromagnetic wave. From the analysis of various natural component of the electroma

34、gnetic wave reflected spectrum is :-ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave and radio wave. From the viewpoint of form, and they did not seem to, but if the wavelength in descending order, and we will find

35、him all the only visible light spectrum of the entire 0.38 μm - 0.76μm so long little area, and adjacent to the visible light and infrared (including the far infrar</p><p>　　From the above analysis shows tha

36、t infrared is a very rich spectrum resources, it currently has in production, life, military, medical, and other aspects have been widely used, such as infrared heating, medical infrared, infrared communication, infrared

37、 camera, infrared remote control, and so on. Infrared remote control is the many applications of infrared part of the current household appliances widely used in TV remote control, VCR remote control, VCD remote control,

38、 high-fidelity audio remote</p><p>　　2.1.2 infrared properties</p><p>　　Infrared lies between visible light and microwave a wave, it is with certain clinical characteristics of the wave. In the

39、near-infrared, visible light and its adjacent, it is visible in certain characteristics, such as straight-line transmission, reflection, refraction, scattering, diffraction, can be certain objects and can be absorbed thr

40、ough the lens of their focusing. In the far-infrared region, owing to its neighboring microwave, it has some characteristics of microwave, If a strong penetra</p><p>　　Infrared and visible light compared to

41、another characteristic of a variety of colors. As the longest wavelength of visible light is a wavelength of the shortest times (780 nm-380 nm), So is called an octave. And infrared wavelength is the longest shortest wav

42、elength of a times, and the longest wavelength infrared is the shortest wavelength of 10 times, that is, 10 octave. Therefore, if visible light can be expressed as seven colors, infrared may performance 70 colors, showin

43、g the rich colors. In</p><p>　　Because not visible to the infrared, it has little effect on the environment. By the wave infrared rays than the long wavelength radio waves, infrared remote control will not a

44、ffect the nearby radio equipment. Another wavelength of less than 1.5μm near infrared light, transparent atmosphere in the visible light transmission characteristics much better than, because it close to the visible edge

45、 of the red light, linear transmission, reflection, refraction and absorption material and the physical </p><p>　　2.1.3 infrared diode characteristics </p><p>　　Infrared is not visible, people h

46、ere are not aware of. Electronic technology is used infrared light emitting diode (also known as the IR emission diode) to generate infrared. Infrared remote control transceiver is using near-infrared transmission contro

47、l instructions 0.76μm wavelength of ~ 1. 5μm. Near-infrared remote control as a light source, because there infrared light emitting diodes and infrared receiving device (photodiode. Transistor and PV) and the luminescenc

48、e peak wavelength of light </p><p>　　When the circuit diagram of the infrared emission control corresponding to the controlled device, the control of the distance and D is proportional to the transmitting po

49、wer. In order to increase the distance of infrared control, infrared diode D should work on the pulse state that work is the lifeblood of current. Because pulse light (optical modulation) the effective transmission dista

50、nce and pulse is proportional to the peak current, only maximize peak current Ip, will increase the infrared d</p><p>　　Infrared transmitter and receiver in the way the two kinds of straight, and the second

51、is reflective. Luminescence pointed straight pipe and tube receiver placed in a relatively controlled and fired on the two ends, a certain distance away from the middle; Reflective means luminescent tube and pipe paralle

52、l with the receiving peacetime, without always receiving tube light, luminescence only in possession of the infrared light reflected from encountered, the receiving tube received from the refle</p><p>　　2.2

53、infrared communication basic tenets </p><p>　　2.2.1 infrared communication Principle </p><p>　　Communication is the use of infrared wavelength of 900 nm-infrared waves from 1000 to serve as an i

54、nformation carrier, through infrared technology between the two close communication and confidentiality of information transmitted. Infrared communication system structure include : part launcher, channel, the receiver p

55、art.</p><p>　　Launcher source letter issued after the binary signal from the high-frequency modulated infrared LED sent, receiving device regard the reception of high-frequency signals from the infrared rece

56、iver tube after receiving further demodulation photoelectric conversion of the original information of a mass communication lose way. Afterwards the former Information received after receiving part of the drive circuit c

57、onnected to the expected completion of the various functions. To which the modulation c</p><p>　　2.2.2 infrared communication system elements</p><p>　　(1) Launches : Currently there is a infrare

58、d wireless digital communications system sources of information including voice, data, images. Its methods of work for the launch of the receiver can be divided into different layout LOS way (Light-of-Sight , intracardia

59、c way), diffuse (diffuse) mode. LOS way directional, it has good channel characteristics such advantages, but the existence of a "shadow" effect. difficult to achieve roaming function. Roaming means the main fe

60、atures of non-directional, </p><p>　　(2) Channel : infrared wireless digital communication channel refers to the transmitters and receivers in the space between. Due to natural light and artificial light sou

61、rces such as light signals in the context of intervention, and the source - Electrical Equipment, The optical noise and disturbances, infrared wireless digital communications in some occasions, poor quality, At this poin

62、t needed to channel coding. Infrared wireless communication system, the optical signal reflection, light scatt</p><p>　　(3) receivers : Channel optical signal from the optical receiver partially photoelectri

63、c conversion, In order to remove noise and intersymbol interference and other functions. Infrared wireless digital communications system receiver include optical receiver parts and follow-up sampling, filtering, judgment

64、, quantity, balanced and decoding part. Infrared wireless optical receiver often used amplifier, and called for large-bandwidth, high gain, low noise and low noise, frequency response and chann</p><p>　　2.2.

65、3 infrared communications feature</p><p>　　Wireless communications are a lot of ways, some using infrared communication with the following characteristics :</p><p>　　? The high frequency, wave l

66、ength, and fired the energy concentrated space propagation attenuation coefficient can ensure the effective signal transmission;</p><p>　　? infrared is the invisible light, strong confidentiality and use it

67、as an information carrier. device when there is no visual pollution, it does no harm to the human body;</p><p>　　? dissemination without limitation, and there is no question of frequency interference with ra

68、dio-wave pattern, not on the spectrum resources to the relevant authorities for the application and registration, easy to implement;</p><p>　　? has a good point, when the transmission equipment and infrared

69、receiver ports line up straight, deviation of not more than about 15 degrees when infrared devices running the best effect;</p><p>　　? through infrared or not bypassed and objects, data transmission, optical

70、 path can not be blocked;</p><p>　　? currently produce and receive infrared signals in the technology is relatively mature, components small size, low cost production of simple, easy to produce and modulatio

71、n advantages.</p><p>　　2.3 infrared communication code based on the knowledge </p><p>　　Usually, infrared remote control transmitters will signal (pulse binary code) modulation at 38 KHz carrier

72、, After buffer amplified sent to the infrared light-emitting diodes, infrared signals into firing away. Pulse binary code in a variety of formats. One of the most commonly used code is PWM (pulse width modulation code) a

73、nd the PPM code (Pulse Code Modulation). The former said in a pulse width, pulse indicated 0. The latter pulse width, but the width of code-not the same, the codes represent </p><p>　　Remote coding pulse sig

74、nal (PPM code as an example) are usually guided by the code, the system code, the anti-code system, a feature code, functional anti-code signal components. Guide the code name for the initial code, by the width of 9 ms a

75、nd the margin width of 4.5 ms to the low-level components (different remote control systems in the low-level high width of a certain distinction), remote coding used to mark the beginning of pulsed signals. System identi

76、fication code is also called code, wh</p><p>　　Address code and data codes are composed of different pulse width expressed that the two narrow pulse "0"; 2 pulse width "1"; a narrow pulse

77、 width and pulse expressed an "F" is the code addresses "vacant."</p><p>　　Is the first part of a group a group of code, each code synchronization between separated. The plan is to enlarg

78、e the second half of a group code : a code from 12 AD (the address code plus data code For example, eight address code plus four data code), each with two AD-Pulse's : Pulse said the two "0"; 2 pulse width

79、"1"; a narrow pulse width and pulse expressed an "F" is the code addresses "vacant."</p><p>　　Realize fired at each fired at least four groups code, PT2272 only twice in a row t

80、o detect the same address code plus data code data will be the code "1" is driven The data should be output to drive margin and VT terminal for synchronous serial.</p><p><b>　　紅外遙控系統(tǒng)</b>

81、;</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　　紅外數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)是目前在世界范圍內(nèi)被廣泛使用的一種無(wú)線連接技術(shù)，被眾多的硬件和軟件平臺(tái)所支持。紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品具有成本低，小型化，傳輸速率快，點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)安全傳輸，不受電磁干擾等特點(diǎn)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)信息在不同產(chǎn)品之間快速、方便、安全地交換與傳送，在短距離無(wú)線傳輸方面擁有十分明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。紅外遙控收發(fā)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)在具有很

82、高的實(shí)用價(jià)值，目前紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品在可攜式產(chǎn)品中的應(yīng)用潛力很大。全世界約有1億5千萬(wàn)臺(tái)設(shè)備采用紅外技術(shù)，在電子產(chǎn)品和工業(yè)設(shè)備、醫(yī)療設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域廣泛使用。絕大多數(shù)筆記本電腦和手機(jī)都配置紅外收發(fā)器接口。隨著紅外數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術(shù)更加成熟、成本下降，紅外收發(fā)器在短距離通訊領(lǐng)域必將得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)目的是用紅外線作為傳輸媒質(zhì)來(lái)傳輸用戶的操作信息并由接收電路解調(diào)出原始信號(hào)，主要用到編碼芯片和解碼芯片

83、對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行調(diào)制與解調(diào)，其中編碼芯片用的是臺(tái)灣生產(chǎn)的PT2262，解碼芯片是PT2272。主要工作原理是：利用編碼鍵盤可以為PT2262提供的輸入信息，PT2262對(duì)輸入的信息進(jìn)行編碼并加載到38KHZ的載波上并調(diào)制紅外發(fā)射二極管并輻射到空間，然后再由接收系統(tǒng)接收到發(fā)射的信號(hào)并解調(diào)出原始信息，由PT2272對(duì)原信號(hào)進(jìn)行解碼以驅(qū)動(dòng)相應(yīng)的電路完成用戶的操作要求。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵字：紅外線；編碼；解碼；LM38

84、6；紅外收發(fā)器。</p><p><b>　　1 緒論</b></p><p>　　1．1 課題研究的背景及意義</p><p>　　紅外數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)是目前在世界范圍內(nèi)被廣泛使用的一種無(wú)線連接技術(shù)，被眾多的硬件和軟件平臺(tái)所支持。是一種通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)電脈沖和紅外光脈沖之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)線的數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)的技術(shù)。</p><p>　　

85、紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品具有成本低，小型化，傳輸速率快，點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)安全傳輸，不受電磁干擾等特點(diǎn)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)信息在不同產(chǎn)品之間快速、方便、安全地交換與傳送，在短距離無(wú)線傳輸方面擁有十分明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。</p><p>　　紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品在可攜式產(chǎn)品中的應(yīng)用作用很大。目前，全世界有1億5千萬(wàn)臺(tái)設(shè)備采用紅外技術(shù)，在電子產(chǎn)品和工業(yè)設(shè)備、醫(yī)療設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域廣泛使用。比如有95％的筆記本電腦就安裝了紅外收發(fā)器接口,現(xiàn)在絕大多數(shù)手機(jī)上也配置紅外收發(fā)器

86、接口。而且隨著交換的數(shù)據(jù)量變大，紅外數(shù)據(jù)通訊將使手機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸越來(lái)越方便。隨著紅外數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術(shù)越來(lái)越成熟、完善、成本更低廉，紅外收發(fā)器在短距離通訊領(lǐng)域必將得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　本章首先闡述了紅外收發(fā)集成電路設(shè)計(jì)課題的背景和意義，然后簡(jiǎn)要介紹了紅外數(shù)據(jù)通訊技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，以及紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)、國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，最后根據(jù)紅外遙控收發(fā)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用性確立了課題的設(shè)計(jì)定位。</p&g

87、t;<p>　　1．2 紅外遙控收發(fā)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介</p><p>　　紅外遙控系統(tǒng)分為單通道遙控和多通道遙控。只有一個(gè)指令信號(hào)傳送通道的稱為單通道遙控系統(tǒng);具有兩個(gè)以上指令信號(hào)傳送通道的稱為多通道遙控系統(tǒng)。單通道遙控比較簡(jiǎn)單 ,一般來(lái)說(shuō) ,發(fā)射器僅有一個(gè)指令鍵 ,接收器也只有一個(gè)執(zhí)行電路。雖然在接收電路中加入多穩(wěn)態(tài)記憶電路 ,可以根據(jù)按動(dòng)發(fā)射器指令鍵的次數(shù) ,使接收電路中的多穩(wěn)態(tài)記憶電路的狀態(tài)多次改變

88、,實(shí)現(xiàn)多項(xiàng)功能控制 ,但是這種狀態(tài)的改變是順序進(jìn)行的。如果要實(shí)現(xiàn)一項(xiàng)任意控制 ,就要采用多通道遙控系統(tǒng)。多通道遙控可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)被控對(duì)象的任意多功能遙控。至于選用幾個(gè)通道及何種控制方式 ,要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況(如被控對(duì)象、操作要求及成本核算等)來(lái)決定。一般的紅外遙控收發(fā)系統(tǒng)是由紅外遙控信號(hào)編碼發(fā)送器、紅外遙控信號(hào)接收器和解碼器（解碼芯片或單片機(jī)）及其外圍電路等三部分構(gòu)成的。信號(hào)發(fā)送器用來(lái)產(chǎn)生遙控編碼脈沖，驅(qū)動(dòng)紅外發(fā)射管輸出紅外遙控信號(hào)，接收器完成

89、對(duì)遙控信號(hào)的放大、檢波、整形并解調(diào)出編碼脈沖。紅外遙控編碼脈沖是一組組連續(xù)的串行二進(jìn)制碼，對(duì)于一般的紅外收發(fā)系統(tǒng)，此串行碼作為微控制器的遙控輸入信號(hào)，由其內(nèi)部CPU完成對(duì)遙控指令的解碼，對(duì)其他各種紅外遙控收發(fā)電子產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)者</p><p>　　遙控收發(fā)系統(tǒng)一般由發(fā)射器和接收器兩部分組成。發(fā)射器一般由指令鍵、指令編碼電路、調(diào)制電路、驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、發(fā)射電路等幾部分組成。當(dāng)按下某鍵時(shí) ,指令編碼電路,產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的指令編碼信

90、號(hào) ,編碼指令信號(hào)對(duì)載波進(jìn)行調(diào)制 ,再由驅(qū)動(dòng)電路進(jìn)行功率放大之后由發(fā)射電路向外發(fā)射經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)制的指令編碼信號(hào)。接收器一般由接收電路、放大電路、解調(diào)電路、指令譯碼電路、驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、執(zhí)行電路等幾部分組成。接收電路將發(fā)射器發(fā)射的已調(diào)制的編碼指令信號(hào)接收下來(lái) ,并進(jìn)行放大后送解調(diào)電路。解調(diào)電路將已調(diào)制的編碼信號(hào)解調(diào)下來(lái) ,即還原為編碼信號(hào)。指令譯碼器將編碼指令信號(hào)進(jìn)行譯碼 ,最后由驅(qū)動(dòng)電路來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)執(zhí)行電路實(shí)現(xiàn)各種指令的操作控制。</p>

91、<p>　　1．3 紅外遙控收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品概況</p><p>　　1.3.1紅外遙控收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)和類型</p><p>　　目前紅外收發(fā)器按照工作模式和傳輸速率可分為四類：串行模式，最高速率為115.2Kbps；中速模式：最高速率為0.567Mbps和1.152Mbps；高速模式：最高速率為16Mbps。</p><p>　　另外按芯片功耗大小又可以分為

92、低功耗型和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型兩類，低功耗型通常使用3V電源，傳輸距離較近，約0-30cm，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型通常使用5V電源，傳輸距離較遠(yuǎn)最少1m以上。</p><p>　　1.3.2紅外遙控收發(fā)器的國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　在紅外通信技術(shù)發(fā)展的早期，存在好幾個(gè)紅外通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之間紅外設(shè)備不能進(jìn)行紅外通信。為了使各種紅外設(shè)備能夠互聯(lián)互通，1993年由20多個(gè)大廠商發(fā)起成立了紅外數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)會(huì)（IRDA）統(tǒng)一

93、了紅外通信的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這就是目前被廣泛使用的紅外數(shù)據(jù)通信協(xié)議及規(guī)范，也稱為IRDA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p><p>　　自1993年IRDA成立至今，紅外數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)發(fā)展到150多個(gè)，IRDA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)獲得了業(yè)界廣泛認(rèn)同和支持。已經(jīng)開發(fā)出來(lái)的具備紅外通訊能力的設(shè)備已經(jīng)有一百多種之多，紅外模塊的年裝機(jī)量已經(jīng)達(dá)到一億五千萬(wàn)套。盡管現(xiàn)在有了同樣是近距離無(wú)線通訊的藍(lán)牙技術(shù)，但以紅外通訊技術(shù)低廉的成本和廣泛的兼容性的優(yōu)勢(shì)，紅外數(shù)據(jù)通

94、訊仍舊會(huì)在將來(lái)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)在短距離的無(wú)線數(shù)據(jù)通訊領(lǐng)域扮演重要角色。</p><p>　　由IRDA協(xié)會(huì)的資料表明，國(guó)外公司的紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品起步較早，已經(jīng)形成了紅外收發(fā)器的配套生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。由以下部分組成：Sharp等公司主要提供紅外發(fā)光二極管和光敏二極管；Agilent等公司主要設(shè)計(jì)制作紅外收發(fā)芯片；Infineon等公司主要從事紅外收發(fā)器封裝；IBM、Microsoft等公司則推出紅外數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)器驅(qū)動(dòng)程序和紅外通

95、信軟件。其中如Agilent等公司還具有生產(chǎn)紅外收發(fā)器系列產(chǎn)品的能力，而HP、IBM等大公司則專門為自己公司產(chǎn)品配備紅外收發(fā)器。</p><p>　　在中國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)也形成了一批紅外收發(fā)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)廠家和公司，但在大陸地區(qū)只有一些器件銷售公司在做這些國(guó)際公司和臺(tái)灣公司的代理，缺乏具有自主產(chǎn)權(quán)的該類產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　1.3.3紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p&

96、gt;　　在各種紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品中，雖然傳輸速率、傳輸距離等特性不同，但紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品一直朝著提高傳輸速率，增加傳輸距離，降低功耗，擴(kuò)大發(fā)射接收角度等方面發(fā)展。特別是隨著技術(shù)發(fā)展和成熟，傳輸方式正朝著點(diǎn)對(duì)多點(diǎn)方向發(fā)展。因此紅外遙控收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品還有更加寬廣的發(fā)展前景。</p><p>　　2 紅外通信的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)</p><p>　　2．1紅外線基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)</p><p>　

97、　2.1.1紅外線概述</p><p>　　紅外線實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種電磁波。從分析自然界中各種電磁波組成的波可知，波譜是由 ：射線，ｘ射線、紫外線、可見光、紅外線、微波和無(wú)線波組成的。從形式上看，它們之間似乎沒(méi)有關(guān)系，但如果按照他們的波長(zhǎng)依次排列，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)和我們形影不離的可見光只占了整個(gè)波譜中0.38μm-0.76μm長(zhǎng)的這么一點(diǎn)兒范圍，而和可見光相鄰的紅外線 （包括遠(yuǎn)紅外線、中紅外線和近紅外線外）卻占了波譜中0.76

98、μm-1000μm的一大段。其中微米波長(zhǎng)范圍內(nèi)又包括了紫外光 、可見光、近紅外、中紅外 、遠(yuǎn)紅外、微波。</p><p>　　從上述分析可知，紅外線是一種十分豐富的波譜資源，目前它己在生產(chǎn)、生活、軍事、醫(yī)療等多方面得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，例如紅外線加熱、紅外線醫(yī)療期間、紅外線通信、紅外線攝像、紅外線遙控等。紅外線遙控只是紅外線</p><p>　　眾多應(yīng)用中的一部分，目前在家用電器中廣泛應(yīng)用的彩

99、電遙控器、錄像機(jī)遙控器、 VCD遙控器、高保真音響遙控器等，都采用了紅外線遙控，它使這些家用電器的控制變得十分簡(jiǎn)單方便。</p><p>　　2.1.2紅外線的特性</p><p>　　紅外線是介于可見光和微波之間的一種電磁波，因此它具有相臨波的某些特性。在近紅外區(qū)，它和可見光相鄰，因此具有可見光的某些特性，如直線傳播、反射、折射、散射、衍射、可被某些物體吸收以及可以通過(guò)透鏡將其聚焦等。在

100、遠(yuǎn)紅外區(qū)，由于它鄰近微波區(qū)，因此它具有微波的某些特性，如較強(qiáng)的穿透能力和能貫穿某些不透明物質(zhì)等。在自不論任何物體，然界中，也不論其本身是否發(fā)光 （指可見光） 只要其溫度高于絕對(duì)零度 （-273℃），都會(huì)一刻不停地向周圍輻射紅外線。只不過(guò)是溫度較高的物體輻射的紅外線較強(qiáng)，溫度低的物體輻射的紅外線較弱。因此紅外線的最大特點(diǎn)是普遍存在于自然界中，又叫做熱輻射線簡(jiǎn)稱熱輻射。紅外線攝像、紅外線夜市、熱釋電紅外探測(cè)以及某些導(dǎo)彈的瞄準(zhǔn)等就是利用紅外線