二手車外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文3000字</b></p><p>　　畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計（論 文）外 文 參 考 資 料 及 譯 文</p><p>　　譯文題目： The Used Vehicle Industry</p><p>　　二 手 車 行 業(yè) </p><p>　　?！　I(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動

2、化(現(xiàn)代汽車技術(shù)) </p><p>　　所在學(xué)院： </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： </p><p>　　職　　稱： </p>&

3、lt;p>　　2011年11月21 日</p><p>　　The Used Vehicle Industry</p><p>　　With annual sales of nearly $370 billion, the used vehicle industry represents almost half of the U.S. auto retail market and i

4、s the largest retail segment of the economy.</p><p>　　In 2005, about 44 million used cars were sold in the U.S., which is more than double that of the nearly 17 million new cars sold. In 1898, the Empire Sta

5、te Motor Wagon Company is one of the very first used car companies. The used vehicle market is substantially larger than other large retail sectors, such as the school and office products market ($206 billion in estimate

6、d annual sales) and the home improvement market ($291 billion in Estimated annual sales).The Federal Trade Commission recommend</p><p>　　In the United States, an estimated 34% of consumers (in 2006) are buyi

7、ng a Vehicle history report for used cars. Vehicle history reports are one way to check the track record of any used vehicle. The report may indicate minor/moderate collision damage or improper vehicle maintenance.</p

8、><p>　　These reports will indicate items of public record, such as vehicle title branding, lemon law buybacks, odometer fraud, and product recall vehicle history reports provide customers with a record based on

9、 the vehicle's serial number.</p><p>　　An attempt to identify vehicles which have been previously owned by hire car rental agencies, police and emergency services or taxi fleets is also made. Consumers s

10、hould research vehicles carefully, as these reporting services only report the information to which they have access. In some places the government is a provider of vehicle history, but this is usually a limited service

11、providing information on just one aspect of the history. Two vehicle history reporting services used to offer the se</p><p>　　Several of the services, most notably those in the United Kingdom and the United

12、States, sell reports to dealers and then encourage the dealers to display the reports on their Internet sites. These reports are paid for by the dealer and then offered for free to potential buyers of the vehicle. Car ch

13、eck service is available online for the public and motor trade.</p><p>　　Companies may add to the reports additional information gathered from police, finance and insurance companies.</p><p>　　I

14、n the UK, the DVLA provides information (Car check) on the registration of vehicles to certain companies for consumer protection and anti-fraud purposes. Used car pricing reports typically produce three forms of pricing

15、information. Dealer or Retail Price is the price you should expect to pay if buying from a licensed new-car or used-car dealer — retail price. Dealer Trade-in Price or wholesale price is the price you should expect to re

16、ceive from a dealer if you trade in a car. This is also the</p><p>　　The growth of the Internet has fueled the availability of information on the prices of used cars. This information was once only available

17、 in trade publications that dealers had access to. There are now numerous sources for used car pricing. Multiple sources of used car pricing means that listed values from different sources may differ. Each pricing guide

18、receiving data from different sources and makes different judgments about that data. Pricing of used cars can be affected by geography. For ex</p><p>　　There are various theories as to how the market determi

19、nes the prices of used cars sold by private parties, especially relative to new cars. One theory suggests that new car dealers are able to put more effort into selling a car, and can therefore stimulate stronger demand.

20、Another theory suggests that owners of problematic cars ("lemons") are more likely to want to sell their cars than owners of perfectly functioning vehicles. Therefore, someone buying a used car bears a higher r

21、isk of buying a</p><p>　　In China, an authorized car dealership is called 4S car shops. The 4S represents Sale, Spare part, Service and Survey .In most cases, brand-name new cars can be purchased only from 4

22、S shops. For new cars in high demand, a premium is sometimes added for instant delivery or just placing an order. Likewise, cars with high supply are often discounted. The profit of car dealers in China is quite high com

23、pared to the rest of the world, in most cases 10%. This is due to the non-transparent invoice pric</p><p>　　In the Member States of the European Union, motor vehicle and spare part manufacturers distribute t

24、heir products through networks of distributors. As far as motor vehicles are concerned, these distributors are commonly known as dealers. Motor vehicle manufacturers and other undertakings also operate networks of author

25、ized repairers. Such a distribution or repair network consists of a bundle of similar agreements between the manufacturer and the individual distributors or body shops. For the purp</p><p>　　Whether a vertic

26、al agreement actually restricts competition and whether in that case the benefits outweigh the anti-competitive effects will often depend on the market structure. The new Regulation 1400/2002, which entered into force on

27、 1 October 2002, introduces a number of substantial changes as regards the exemption of distribution agreements for new motor vehicles and spare parts. It also introduces major changes] as regards the exemption of agreem

28、ents for the provision of repair and mainten</p><p>　　Auto Transport is used to move the vehicle from the factory to the dealerships. This includes country to country shipping as well as state to state shipp

29、ing. Auto shipping and transport was largely a commercial activity conducted by dealers, manufacturers and brokers until the last ten to fifteen years. The explosion of Internet use has allowed this niche service to grow

30、 and reach the general consumer marketplace. This car shipping industry has grown explosively since the advent of the Internet.</p><p>　　Used Car Roadshow is a car programme that was originally aired on the

31、Men & Motors channel, but now it is also shown on ITV4. The show is presented by Penny Mallory and Jason Dawe. The show airs for one hour. Each programme is filmed at car shows throughout the UK, where enthusiasts di

32、splay their cars and collections, as well as some who want to sell and buy cars. Penny and Jason always attempt to pick the most eye catching and unusual cars at these shows, as well as demonstrating bargains that </p

33、><p>　　Throughout the show Jason comes up with different cars to suit the buyer's needs, summarizing the positives and negatives. He often picks three cars, with one mystery car thrown in to interest the bu

34、yer. Normally the buyer is given three cars to examine and decide from with the guidance of Penny and Jason throughout, from which one has to be dropped before the other two can be tested. The test drive is normally take

35、n with Penny on board, who gives her opinions on the car to give the buyer a bett</p><p>　　In the end the buyer usually makes a decision on the car they want, and attempts to negotiate with Jason, who conseq

36、uently rings the seller on air from a mobile and tries to achieve the best deal possible for the buying member of the public. As of 2009, no new series/episodes had aired.</p><p><b>　　二 手 車 行 業(yè)</b&g

37、t;</p><p>　　隨著每年接近3700億的成交量，二手車行業(yè)占據(jù)了美國接近半數(shù)的汽車零售市場，它也成為了最大的零售業(yè)務(wù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。</p><p>　　在2005年，美國大約有4400萬輛二手車成功交易，比新車交易量1700萬輛的兩倍還要多。在1898年， 帝國汽車旅行公司是很早有很多二手車的公司之一。二手車市場明顯大于其他的一些大型零售行業(yè)，比如學(xué)校和辦公用品市場（每年的年銷售大概

38、是2060億）以及家裝市場（每年的年銷售大概是2910億）。聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會建議消費者在決定在哪里購買二手車的時候考慮汽車零售商的聲譽(yù)。</p><p>　　在美國，預(yù)計34％的消費者（2006年）為二手車購買一份車輛歷史報告。車輛歷史報告是檢查任何一輛二手車記錄的一種方式。車輛歷史報告提供給消費者一份根據(jù)車輛序列號的報告。這些報告將指示公共記錄的項目，例如車輛所有權(quán)的品牌，檸檬法回購，里程表欺詐以及產(chǎn)品召回。該報

39、告可能表明輕微/中度碰撞損壞或車輛維修保養(yǎng)不當(dāng)。</p><p>　　有一種嘗試也在進(jìn)行中，它可以確定先前是否為汽車租賃機(jī)構(gòu)，警察和緊急服務(wù)或者出租車隊所擁有的。消費者應(yīng)仔細(xì)研究車輛，因為上述所說的服務(wù)只能提供給他們有機(jī)會獲得的信息。在一些地方，政府負(fù)責(zé)提供車輛歷史報告，但是，這也是很有限的，只能提供車輛很少一部分的信息。車輛識別代碼安裝（Instating）和車輛識別代碼檢查（VinCheck）是過去免費提供車

40、輛歷史報告服務(wù)的。但是現(xiàn)在消費者需要支付一定的費用才能通過車輛識別代碼安裝（Instating）來看車輛報告。車輛識別代碼檢查（VinCheck）已經(jīng)變成了自動檢查（Auto Check）的一部分，只提供很少一部分免費的信息，而消費者需要付費才能買到一份很詳細(xì)的報告。</p><p>　　特別在英國和美國，一些機(jī)構(gòu)銷售給經(jīng)銷商報告，然后鼓勵經(jīng)銷商在他們的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站點上顯示報告。這些報告由經(jīng)銷商支付，然后免費提供給車

41、輛的潛在買家。</p><p>　　在英國，DVLA為了保護(hù)消費者和反欺騙的目的提供車輛登記信息（車輛檢查）給一些特定的公司。公司可能會增加一些從警察，金融和保險行業(yè)收集來的信息。汽車檢查服務(wù)在網(wǎng)上對于大眾和汽車交易也是可行的。二手車定價報告基本提供三方面定價信息。</p><p>　　如果你想從持牌新車或者是二手車經(jīng)銷商那里購買，那么經(jīng)銷商或者零售價的價格應(yīng)該是你所預(yù)想的那個價格。經(jīng)銷商

42、貿(mào)易價格或批發(fā)價的價格應(yīng)該和你購買一輛汽車從經(jīng)銷商那里得來的報價是差不多的。同時也應(yīng)該和經(jīng)銷商在汽車拍賣會上購得汽車的價格差不多。私營黨的價格應(yīng)該和你個人購買的價格是一致的。一個私營黨的賣方希望得到和經(jīng)銷商交易相比更多的錢，。而一個私營黨的買方則希望花和經(jīng)銷商交易相比更少的錢。在市場上，通過私人機(jī)構(gòu)有各種各樣的理論決定二手車價格,特別是相對于新的汽車。其中一個理論認(rèn)為,新車經(jīng)銷商能夠把更多的精力在賣一輛車,因而能刺激強(qiáng)勁的需求。另一個理

43、論表明,那些有問題的車的車主(“檸檬”) 比擁有完美運轉(zhuǎn)的車輛的車主更有可能想賣掉他們的汽車。因此,買二手車的人要承受買到有問題的車的高風(fēng)險。</p><p>　　二手車定價會受到地理位置的影響。例如,一般在溫暖的氣候比在更冷的地方有一個更高的要求。同樣,相比于城市，鄉(xiāng)村可能更需要貨車。整個車輛的狀況對定價有重大影響。車輛狀況取決于車輛外觀,車輛的歷史、受力狀態(tài)、里程。在評價車輛狀況的時候有許多的主觀性的條件存在

44、。</p><p>　　因特網(wǎng)的成長已經(jīng)加強(qiáng)了信息對二手車價格的影響。這些信息曾經(jīng)在貿(mào)易出版物中發(fā)行，但是僅有經(jīng)銷商可以獲取。然而現(xiàn)在有許多資源來對二手車進(jìn)行定價。多種二手車定價方式的出現(xiàn)意味著上市價值從不同的來源可能會有所不同。每個定價指導(dǎo)從不同的來源接收數(shù)據(jù),然后對數(shù)據(jù)做出不同的判斷。汽車經(jīng)銷商或車輛在當(dāng)?shù)氐姆植?是一個生意,是用來在零售業(yè)務(wù)中銷售新車和/或二手車,它是基于經(jīng)銷商的合同，當(dāng)然也和汽車制造商及其

45、銷售子公司有關(guān)。它雇傭汽車銷售人員做銷售。它也可能提供汽車維修服務(wù),再加上采用汽車力學(xué)、倉儲以及銷售備用汽車零部件、保修賠付過程。</p><p>　　在中國,一個授權(quán)的汽車經(jīng)銷商被稱為汽車4 S店。4 S代表的整車銷售(Sale)、零配件(Sparepart)、售后服務(wù)(Service)、信息反饋(Survey)。在大多數(shù)情況下, 只有從4 S店才能買到名牌新車。為了新車的高要求，對于要求立即交貨或者僅僅是下了

46、訂單的保險費有時候會適當(dāng)提高。同樣,供應(yīng)量大的車型會經(jīng)常打折。與世界上其他地方相比，汽車經(jīng)銷商在中國的利潤是相當(dāng)高的,在大多數(shù)情況下,能夠達(dá)到10%。[引用需要]這是由于發(fā)票價格是不透明的，任由經(jīng)銷商來開票，同時他們收取保險費后迅速交貨。由于大多數(shù)消費者缺乏相關(guān)知識,經(jīng)銷商可以比零件市場以高很多的價格來賣這些附加的零件。這個領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)被委員會在2002年7月31日制定了一些行業(yè)規(guī)定,其中第81條第(三)項條約的協(xié)議和直接應(yīng)用在汽車行業(yè)。&

47、lt;/p><p>　　在歐盟成員國，機(jī)動車輛和零部件制造商發(fā)布他們的產(chǎn)品通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)銷商。對于汽車行業(yè)而言,這些傳送者被俗稱為經(jīng)銷商。機(jī)動車制造廠和其他事業(yè)也操作授權(quán)修理者的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這樣的一個分布或維修網(wǎng)絡(luò)由一系列類似制造商和銷售商或車身個人之間簽訂的協(xié)議組成。為了遵守歐盟競爭法,這些協(xié)議被稱為垂直協(xié)議,為了制約制造商和經(jīng)銷商或修理人員，在不同層次的生產(chǎn)、分銷鏈的每一個階段。</p><p>　

48、　無論一個垂直的協(xié)議在實際上是否是限制競爭的，無論在哪種情況下，多余的利益和反競爭效應(yīng)通常都會依靠于市場結(jié)構(gòu)。這個新規(guī)定1400/2002,從2002年10月1日起正式生效, 關(guān)于新的汽車和零部件豁免分布協(xié)議介紹了許多實質(zhì)性的變化[指定]。還介紹了關(guān)于以提供維修及保養(yǎng)服務(wù)的授權(quán)和獨立修理者、其他獨立運營商(如幫助經(jīng)營者銷售、零配件的運輸及訓(xùn)練修理工的培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu))的可獲豁免協(xié)議重大變化。</p><p>　　汽車運輸

49、是用來將汽車從工廠運到經(jīng)銷商那里的。這包括國家與國家的航運以及省與省（州與州）直接的航運。汽車運輸和交通在最近的十年到十五年之間很大程度上就是是一種商業(yè)活動，是由經(jīng)銷商、廠商和經(jīng)紀(jì)人進(jìn)行的。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及性，在這種環(huán)境下生長和強(qiáng)化服務(wù)廣大消費者市場已經(jīng)被允許了。汽車船舶工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速就是因為網(wǎng)際網(wǎng)路的來臨。現(xiàn)在人們可以從世界上任何一個地方購買汽車,讓他們運送到他們家門前。</p><p>　　一個關(guān)于二手車的路演是

50、早前一直在“男人和汽車”頻道播放的一個汽車類節(jié)目,但現(xiàn)在它在ITV4中上映。這個節(jié)目由馬洛里和杰森大衛(wèi)呈現(xiàn)。節(jié)目每期有一個小時。每一次在汽車頻道的節(jié)目都在拍攝英國,在那里愛好者收藏和展示他們的汽車,以及一些人想要出售和購買汽車。彭妮和杰森一直試圖在這些節(jié)目當(dāng)中挑選最醒目和不尋常的汽車,當(dāng)然也有在二手車市場，那里可以隨便討價還價。</p><p>　　每一個節(jié)目都會有不同的場景,而觀看的公眾則是想買一輛二手車。這些

51、場景可能會從沒有債務(wù)的學(xué)生想花不超過£1500買一輛二手車到一個二十歲中期想花不超過£20000來購買一輛跑車。當(dāng)然也有想要經(jīng)濟(jì)一點的或者是便于長途旅行的或者是家庭用車。他們給杰森他們想要的規(guī)格,也有他們喜歡或者不喜歡的東西。</p><p>　　通過這個節(jié)目，杰森想出不同的汽車來適應(yīng)顧客的需要,總結(jié)一些積極的好的和一些不好的東西。他常常挑選三輛汽車,其中一個神秘的汽車是符合買方興趣的。通常買

52、方給三部車子審查然后在彭妮和杰森的指導(dǎo)下決定,但同時只有一輛車事先被排除了其他兩輛車才可以進(jìn)行測試。試駕車通常是帶上彭妮,她可以給出自己的意見，讓買方明確的知道自己想要的。如果買方?jīng)Q定了他/她不喜歡其中一輛汽車,然后杰森將把他的神秘車輛弄出來讓事情變得更好。</p><p>　　最終買方通常會決定他們想要的車,并試圖與杰森談判,而杰森因此在車上會通過電話廣播的形式與賣方談判，力求為購買的觀眾取得最好的談判結(jié)果。從