環(huán)境工程外文翻譯---通過(guò)混凝工藝對(duì)貨幣印刷油墨廢水的預(yù)處理

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p>　　通過(guò)混凝工藝對(duì)貨幣印刷油墨廢水的預(yù)處理</p><p>　　摘 要：使用混凝絮凝工藝去企圖研究來(lái)自印度貨幣印刷機(jī)油墨廢水的可處理性。對(duì)混凝劑,即，硫酸亞鐵、氯化鐵、硫酸鋁和聚合氯化鋁進(jìn)行研究,然后選擇最合適的混凝劑進(jìn)行有效的治療,以達(dá)到最佳混凝劑濃度。陽(yáng)離子

2、polyeletrolyte和最有效的促凝劑的結(jié)合也是用來(lái)進(jìn)行研究，以評(píng)估其影響絮凝沉降性。聚合氯化鋁(PAC)被發(fā)現(xiàn)是最高效的混凝劑,可以去除色彩,懸浮物(SS)、生化需氧量和化學(xué)需氧量(COD)的95.9 -96.5%,96.5 -97.0%,61.3 -65.8%和54.8 -61.8%,分別在一個(gè)最佳濃度的1500 mg / L其他凝聚劑,即是，硫酸亞鐵、氯化鐵和硫酸鋁沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出實(shí)質(zhì)性的色彩褪色,BOD and COD、除了懸浮

3、物與PAC的性能的比較。陽(yáng)離子ploylectrolyte和PAC在一個(gè)最佳濃度的1500 mg / L的PAC和1.0 mg / L的聚電解質(zhì)的結(jié)合進(jìn)一步提高了研究的各種參數(shù)的去除效率,除了改善絮凝沉降速度,減少污泥生成的數(shù)量。在絮凝中表現(xiàn)為平均時(shí)間速度梯度(G)和混合時(shí)間(t)的快速混合強(qiáng)度的效應(yīng)也被研究了。以一個(gè)300 rpm的葉輪轉(zhuǎn)速(n)和60秒的混</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞:混凝劑、混凝、貨幣出版社

4、、絮凝,凹版印刷、混合時(shí)間、油墨廢水、沉降、速度梯度、廢水處理</p><p><b>　　1．前言</b></p><p>　　干膠印和凹印過(guò)程是在印度被用于貨幣印刷。雕刻的墨可能是干燥油型或溶劑的類型，它們是用一個(gè)合適的溶劑與樹(shù)脂制成的。溶劑油墨是由溶解樹(shù)脂制造的,即，硝基、馬來(lái)樹(shù)脂、醋酸乙烯樹(shù)脂、天然瀝青,或天然樹(shù)脂,也就是，二甲苯,甲苯,高沸點(diǎn)的礦物稀釋劑。通

5、常, 使用的油墨相當(dāng)僵硬的，它能在紙上位于合適的位置。通常,印刷的油墨是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的、多成分的組合，主要是由染料和顏料、樹(shù)脂、粘合劑、溶劑和可選的添加劑組成的。顯然, 印刷過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的廢水是高度有色的,且受到有機(jī)礦物質(zhì)的污染，由于之前提到的化合物。因此, 來(lái)自于這樣的印刷設(shè)備的廢水不能直接排入接收的溪流或未經(jīng)任何處理的土地,這不僅由于其有害影響人類健康和環(huán)境,也因于在美感上，顏色的可見(jiàn)度，甚至在低集中時(shí)。</p><p&

6、gt;　　文獻(xiàn)沒(méi)有提供很多關(guān)于從凹版印刷過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的廢水的特點(diǎn)的參考資料,也沒(méi)有提供其處理方法。然而,最常見(jiàn)的對(duì)從各種廢水中的色彩和有機(jī)物質(zhì)去除(BOD和COD)的預(yù)處理，從主要包括物理化學(xué)方法, 吸附和先進(jìn)的化學(xué)氧化過(guò)程。然而,吸附和先進(jìn)的氧化過(guò)程并不是作為預(yù)處理選擇的技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)可行的,它更適合作為三級(jí)處理被采用。物化處理是在處理廢水作為一個(gè)基本的步驟。然而, 作為一個(gè)完整的處理系統(tǒng)，它的廣泛使用，與生物治療相比是有限的,主要是由于處

7、理和搬運(yùn)大量因?yàn)榛瘜W(xué)混凝劑的添加而產(chǎn)生的污泥。</p><p>　　因此,本研究主要針對(duì),通過(guò)混凝絮凝過(guò)程印刷鈔票產(chǎn)生的油墨廢水的預(yù)處理。不同濃度的不同混凝劑對(duì)絮凝研究的影響是通過(guò)大量的懸浮物體分離試驗(yàn)來(lái)確定的，最有效的凝結(jié)劑及其最佳濃度的確定是從色彩，SS和有機(jī)接頭的立場(chǎng)(BOD和COD)刪除處理。此外,助凝劑的影響在沉降的絮體也有記錄。實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行了絮凝模型與渦輪葉輪的快速混合，其次是緩慢的攪拌和混合

8、絮凝沉降調(diào)查效果，沉降速度上的絮狀物顆粒在文檔中也有標(biāo)記。</p><p><b>　　4. 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　基于混凝過(guò)程的詳細(xì)實(shí)驗(yàn)，已經(jīng)證明這種處理模式是一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)處理選項(xiàng)，如處理貨幣印刷機(jī)中的油墨廢水。它提供高效的色度去除清液。此外，由于其具有性能穩(wěn)定，可以很好的去除有機(jī)物BOD和COD，因此它的懸浮物去除率也很高。</p>&l

9、t;p>　　在混凝劑試驗(yàn),PAC將作為最有效的絮凝劑。陽(yáng)離子聚電解質(zhì)與PAC結(jié)合，加強(qiáng)了污泥絮體分離從而增加了沉降速度，于是進(jìn)一步提高了處理的效率。混凝劑的最佳濃度測(cè)定是通過(guò)以消耗最少混凝劑達(dá)到最高的加工效率而劃定的。</p><p>　　影響迅速混合的最佳GT值的測(cè)定是通過(guò)絮狀沉淀研究來(lái)評(píng)估的。研究表明，緩慢混合多久都不能提高系統(tǒng)的性能，而流程效率上的顯著效果是通過(guò)初期的快速混合達(dá)到的。</p>

10、;<p>　　因此，混凝的處理模式，絕對(duì)可以作為一個(gè)兼容的高強(qiáng)度彩色印刷機(jī)的油墨廢水預(yù)處理選項(xiàng)。</p><p><b>　　附件2：外文原文</b></p><p>　　PRE-TREATMENT OF CURRENCY PRINTING INK WASTE WAT- ER THROUGH COAGULATION- FLOCCU LATION PROC

11、ESS</p><p>　　TAPAS NANDY?, SUNITA SHASTRY, P. P. PATHE and S. N. KAUL</p><p>　　National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India</p><p>　　(Received 27

12、 March 2002; accepted 1 April 2003)</p><p>　　Abstract：Attempt has been made to study the treatability of printing ink wastewater generatedfrom an Indian currency printing press using coagulation-?occulation

13、process. Coagulant agents,viz. ferrous sulphate, ferric chloride, aluminium sulphate and polyaluminium chloride were studied to select the most suitable coagulant for effective treatment, and attain the optimum coagulant

14、 concentration. Cationic polyeletrolyte in conjunction with the most effective coagulant was also studied to assess it</p><p>　　Keywords: coagulants, coagulation, currency press, ?occulation, intaglio printi

15、ng, mixing time,printing ink wastewater, sedimentation, velocity gradient, wastewater treatment</p><p>　　1. Introduction</p><p>　　Dry offset and intaglio printing processes are adopted for curr

16、ency printing in India.The inks for engraving may be of drying oil type or of solvent type formulated with a resin and suitable solvents. Solvent inks are made by dissolving resins,viz. nitrocellulose, maleic resins,viny

17、l acetate resin, gilsonite, or natural resins insolvents, viz. xylol, toluol, and high-boiling mineral thinners. Generally, the inks used are quite stiff enabling to hold in place on the paper.Typically, printing ink <

18、;/p><p>　　The literature did not provide much reference on the characteristics of wastewater generated from intaglio printing process, and its treatment. However, the most common pre-treatment for colour and or

19、ganic substances removal (BOD and COD)from various wastewaters mainly comprises of physico-chemical methods, adsorp-tion and advanced chemical oxidation processes .However, adsorption and advanced oxidation processes are

20、 not techno-economically viable as pre-treatment option, and are more appropriat</p><p>　　Therefore, this study basically aimed at, pre-treatment of printing ink wastewater generated from printing of currenc

21、y notes through coagulation-?occulation process. The effect of various concentrations of different coagulant agents on ?occulation investigated through extensive jar test studies to determine the most ef?cientcoagulant,

22、and its optimum concentration in terms of colour, SS and organic sub-stances (BOD and COD) removal are addressed. In addition, effect of coagulantaid on settling o</p><p>　　4. Conclusions</p><p&g

23、t;　　Based on detailed experimentation on coagulation-?occulation process, this mode</p><p>　　of treatment has proved to be an appropriate pre-treatment option for printing ink wastewater such as from currenc

24、y printing press. It provides ef?cient colour removal producing clear supernatant. Moreover, suspended solids removal is also very high with stable performance achieved for removal of organic substances in terms of BOD a

25、nd COD.</p><p>　　Among the coagulants experimented, PAC performed as the most ef?cient ?occulating agent. Use of cationic polyelectrolyte in conjunction with PAC further improved the treatment ef?ciency resu

26、lting from increased ?oc separation through enhanced sludge settling velocity. Determination of optimum concentration of coagulant agents has been delineated to achieve maximum process ef?ciency with</p><p>

27、　　minimum consumption of coagulant agents.</p><p>　　Effect of rapid mixing as evaluated through ?oc settling studies led to the determination of an optimum Gt value. Studies reveal that slow mixing provided

28、for more than few minutes does not improve the system performance indicating that the signi?cant effect on process ef?ciency is through initial rapid mixing.</p><p>　　Thus, coagulation-?occulation mode of tr