機械外文翻譯--保證電除塵器高效穩(wěn)定運行的措施

1、<p>　　To ensure stable operation of electrostatic precipitator efficiency measures</p><p>　　ESP is a highly efficient dust collector, has been more and more used by coal-fired power plants. Electrostati

2、c precipitator in order to maintain long-term, high-performance and stable operation, it should be affecting the efficiency of electrostatic precipitator factors analysis, and to the strengthening of electrostatic precip

3、itator operation, maintenance and overhaul management.</p><p>　　1 Affect the efficiency of electrostatic precipitator dust factor</p><p>　　1.1 High-low-voltage power supply control device design

4、 and operation of the poor</p><p>　　Reasonable corona ESP power is to ensure safe, stable operation of one of the important factors. ESP 380V DC high voltage from high-voltage alternating current flowing thr

5、ough thyristor rectifier equipment supply, electric dust collector of high-voltage power supply impedance is a load change. Impedance when the electric field increased ER-hour requirements of equipment to automatically s

6、tep-up; lower impedance when the electric field and current become larger, the requirements of equipment to a</p><p>　　1.2 vibration cleaning device operating mode unreasonable</p><p>　　At prese

7、nt, thermal power plants in addition to the use of electricity, and all is vibration cleaning methods. In the vibration intensity and uniformity requirements are met, the vibration system (cycle time, the way) is reasona

8、ble for the efficiency of electrostatic precipitator dust impact. Vibration cycle, the impact on the collection efficiency is to be able to make when cleaning off the dust from falling into the ash bucket directly block.

9、 Vibration cycle is too long, fouling plate thicknes</p><p>　　Dust caused by the second there are many factors, such as high resistivity dust, resulting in anti-corona electric field collecting the uneven di

10、stribution of the flue gas flow rate or flow rate caused by high turbulence and swirl. Therefore, the requirements of the electric field of flue gas flow rate of not more than 3m / s, the general operation of the electri

11、c field in the flue gas flow rate 1.5m / s or so, and the possible distribution of flue gas flow, and the vibration frequency of cleani</p><p>　　1.3 boiler operating parameters deviate from normal</p>

12、<p>　　Under the normal load in the boiler flue gas flow, exhaust gas temperature, flue gas dust concentration and other parameters with the design parameters of electrostatic precipitator or less the same as all th

13、e normal operation of electrostatic precipitator. If the boiler flue gas flow increases, smoke temperature, flue gas dust concentration increased, the electrostatic precipitator operating conditions will deteriorate, so

14、that lower collection efficiency. When the boiler low-load running time,</p><p>　　1.4 changes in coal</p><p>　　If coal burning boiler changes in the design of its calorific value than coal with

15、low ash coal than the design of high, it will increase its coal, flour mills, dust, ash equipment wear and shorten the maintenance cycle of the equipment. The use of low calorific value coal, the actual coal-fired boiler

16、s will increase so that the volume of flue gas containing ash increased. This will make ESP more than dealing with the design of flue gas dust concentration values, collection efficiency will be se</p><p>　　

17、2 strengthen the electrostatic precipitator maintenance and repair work</p><p>　　(1) State Power Environmental Protection produced by DJ series of computer-controlled high-low-voltage power supply devices, a

18、nd its use of advanced high-pressure control part of the 8098 single-chip and peripheral chips, control, protection functions, simple structure, easy-to-use features, and for thermal power plant boiler combustion emissio

19、n of dust (fly ash) than the changes in resistance provides a wide range of power supply to run a variety of different ways to meet the requirements of wo</p><p>　　(2) efforts to improve the status of the op

20、eration of electrostatic precipitator, strictly enforce the 《electrostatic precipitator operation and maintenance guidelines》， the existence of the operation of the equipment failures and shortcomings should be in time,

21、establish a comprehensive, reasonable maintenance and project cycle.</p><p>　　(3) maintenance area. Overhaul at the electrostatic precipitator in overcast, anode spacing adjustments, and record the measureme

22、nt results before and after adjustment. To overcast, anode device vibration equipment (mainly electrical vibration, reducing the browser machine, shaft, bearings, torsion arm hammer, insulation connecting rod, etc.) to i

23、nspect the wear and handling; of ash systems, insulation, heating systems, Doo-gray level meter, devices such as locking gas inspection and debugging.</p><p>　　(4) electrical connection. Enforcing overhaul 《

24、of preventive tests electrical equipment order》 in the electrostatic precipitator transformer rectifier sections of high pressure and low pressure reactor, insulating support and connected components, high voltage direct

25、 current cables and other equipment of the pilot project and the express provision of the cycle, to trigger power supply device performance testing, on a variety of protection throughout the trial, the high-low voltage e

26、lectrical cir</p><p>　　(5) ESP overall debugging after overhaul. After the overhaul of the rectifier transformers, electric field to no-load step-up test, and run-time conditions to the rated characteristics

27、 of the U-I testing; of imports and exports of flue gas temperature and pressure testing instructions; of Turbidimeter, lighting equipment for testing. If the conditional words, it should also be on the ESP collection ef

28、ficiency before and after overhaul comparison test, to test the effectiveness of repair work.</p><p>　　保證電除塵器高效穩(wěn)定運行的措施</p><p>　　電除塵器是一種高效的除塵器，已被越來越多的火力發(fā)電廠所采用。為了保持電除塵器長期、高效、穩(wěn)定地運行，應(yīng)該對影響電除塵器效率的因素進行

29、分析，并加強對電除塵器運行、維護和檢修的管理。</p><p>　　1影響電除塵器除塵效率的因素</p><p>　　1.1高低壓供電控制裝置設(shè)計運行不佳</p><p>　　合理的電除塵器電暈功率是保證電除塵器安全、穩(wěn)定運行的重要因素之一。電除塵器直流高壓由380V交流電流經(jīng)可控硅高壓整流設(shè)備供給，除塵器電場阻抗對高壓供電裝置來說是一個變化的負(fù)載。當(dāng)電場阻抗升高、

30、電流變小時，要求設(shè)備能自動升壓；而當(dāng)電場阻抗降低、電流變大時，要求設(shè)備能自動降壓以保持設(shè)定的電流。整流變壓器內(nèi)部的電壓、電流取樣電阻，引進負(fù)反饋信號，經(jīng)微機智能處理后移相控制可控硅的導(dǎo)通角，改變負(fù)載輸出電壓，達到穩(wěn)定輸出的目的，使電場獲得最有效的電暈功率。然而有些電源及控制設(shè)備制造廠生產(chǎn)的控制器對設(shè)備控制特性和控制方式、保護功能等還不完善，再加上電廠運行和檢修人員對設(shè)備原理的理解存在一定的盲區(qū)，從而造成供電控制裝置運行不佳。</p

31、><p>　　1.2振打清灰裝置的運行方式不合理</p><p>　　目前，火電廠使用的電除器，無一不是采用振打方式清灰。在振打力度和均勻性都滿足要求的情況下，振打制度(周期、時間、方式)是否合理對電除塵器除塵效率影響極大。振打周期對除塵效率的影響在于清灰時能否使脫落的塵塊直接落入灰斗。振打周期過長、極板積灰過厚，將降低帶電粉塵在極板上的導(dǎo)電性能，降低除塵效率；振打周期過短，粉塵會分散成碎粉落

32、下，引起較大的二次揚塵，即沉積在電除塵器收塵極上的粉塵再次被氣流帶出除塵器，尤其是末極電場的二次揚塵會大大降低電除塵器的效率。</p><p>　　導(dǎo)致二次揚塵的因素有許多，如粉塵的比電阻過高，產(chǎn)生反電暈收塵電場的煙氣流速分布不均或流速過高而產(chǎn)生的紊流和渦流。因此，要求電場的煙氣流速不超過3m/s，一般電場中運行的煙氣流速都在1.5m/s左右，且盡可能使煙氣流分布均勻，而振打清灰過頻，是造成除塵器二次揚塵最主要的

33、因素。遵循一定的程序，采用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑囼灧椒?，建立正確的振打制度，同時加強對灰斗排灰設(shè)備的維護，防止灰斗出灰口堵塞，都能防止二次揚塵的發(fā)生。</p><p>　　1.3鍋爐的運行參數(shù)偏離正常值</p><p>　　在正常負(fù)荷下鍋爐的煙氣流量、排煙溫度、煙氣含塵濃度等參數(shù)值與電除塵器設(shè)計的參數(shù)相差不大，電除塵器都能正常運行。若鍋爐煙氣流量增大、排煙溫度升高、煙氣含塵濃度增加，電除塵器的運行工況就

34、會惡化，使除塵效率降低。當(dāng)鍋爐長時間低負(fù)荷運行時，為穩(wěn)定燃燒，必須投入重油或柴油助燃，造成煙氣溫度和煙氣中的粘稠物增加。這些粘稠物造成陰極線肥大，陽極板積灰，導(dǎo)致電場的除塵效率下降。如果鍋爐內(nèi)水汽泄露，將增加煙氣濕度，雖然在極短時間內(nèi)因煙氣被調(diào)質(zhì)而降低了煤灰比電阻，除塵效率會升高，但時間稍長，電除塵器將嚴(yán)重積灰，尤其在泄露量大時，極板甚至結(jié)垢，會降低除塵器的使用壽命。</p><p><b>　　1.4

35、 煤種的變化</b></p><p>　　如果鍋爐燃燒煤種發(fā)生了變化，其熱值較設(shè)計煤種低，灰分較設(shè)計煤種高，則會加大對輸煤、制粉、除塵、輸灰設(shè)備的磨損，縮短設(shè)備的檢修周期。使用低熱值燃煤，會使鍋爐實際燃煤量增加，使煙氣的含灰量增大。這樣會使電除塵器處理煙氣含塵濃度超過設(shè)計值，除塵效率將受到嚴(yán)重影響。為了消除因煤種發(fā)生變化而影響電除塵器的除塵效率，在除塵設(shè)備系統(tǒng)運行正常的情況下，每套電除塵器至少應(yīng)進行一

36、次針對典型煤種的特性試驗，以確定煤種、供電、振打?qū)﹄姵龎m器效率的綜合影響，找出電除塵器的最佳運行方式。</p><p>　　2 加強對電除塵器的維護和檢修工作</p><p>　　(1)國電環(huán)保所生產(chǎn)的DJ系列微機自控高低壓供電裝置，它的高壓控制部分采用先進的8098單片機和外圍芯片，具有控制、保護功能完善、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、使用方便的特點，并針對火電廠鍋爐燃燒排放粉塵(飛灰)比電阻的變化提供多種

37、供電運行方式滿足各種不同工況條件的要求。采用這種供電裝置對原有的設(shè)備進行改造，可實現(xiàn)中央機遠程并借助粉塵濁度檢測儀的反饋信號構(gòu)成電除塵器的閉環(huán)控制，達到高效節(jié)能運行的效果。其保護和報警功能涉及輸入過流、輸出開路、輸出短路、欠壓保護、偏勵磁、可控硅開路和臨界危險油溫，幾乎涵蓋了火電廠電除塵器運行中的所有故障類型。</p><p>　　(2)努力改善電除塵器的運行現(xiàn)狀，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行《電除塵器運行維護導(dǎo)則》，對于設(shè)備運行中

38、存在的故障和缺陷應(yīng)及時處理，制訂完善、合理的檢修周期和項目。</p><p>　　(3)機務(wù)方面。大修時對電除塵器內(nèi)陰、陽極間距進行調(diào)整，并記錄調(diào)整前后的測量結(jié)果。對陰、陽極振打裝置的設(shè)備(主要有振打電機、減器機、轉(zhuǎn)軸、軸承、撓臂錘、絕緣連桿等)磨損情況進行檢查并處理；對出灰系統(tǒng)、保溫、加熱系統(tǒng)、灰斗料位計、鎖氣器等裝置進行檢查和調(diào)試。</p><p>　　(4)電氣方面。大修時嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行《

39、電力設(shè)備預(yù)防性試驗規(guī)程》中電除塵器章節(jié)對高壓硅整流變壓器、低壓電抗器、絕緣支撐及連接元件、高壓直流電纜等設(shè)備的試驗項目和周期所作的明文規(guī)定，要對供電裝置的觸發(fā)裝置進行性能測試，對各種保護進行整定試驗，對電氣高低壓回路與儀表開關(guān)進行校檢，并對整流變進行吊芯檢查。</p><p>　　(5)電除塵器大修后的整體調(diào)試。大修結(jié)束后，對整流變壓器、電場進行空載升壓試驗，并在運行時進行額定工況下的U-I特性測試；對進、出口煙