無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　This paper focuses on the development of an energy efficent street lighting remote management system making use of low-rate wireless personal area networks and

2、 the Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) protocol to get a duplex communication, necessary for checking lamp parameters like lamp status, current level ,etc.Because of the fact that two thirds of the installed

3、street lighting systems use old and inefficient technologies there exists a huge potential to renew the street lighting a</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　Two thirds of the current installed stree

4、t lighting systems still use very old and inefficient technologies, that is , there exists a huge potential to renew the existing street lighting and save in the energy consumption[1]. It is estimated that nearly the 5%

5、of the energy used in lighting applications is consumed by the street lighting, being the most important energy regarding the energy usage in a city . New industrial approaches have been develop recently in order to achi

6、eve an efficient li</p><p>　　Saving energy in street lighting can be achieved with two methods,by controlling the light duration or by dimming. There also exist remote management systems that allow the user

7、to keep an individual remote control and monitorization of every single lamp. By making use of these systems the operator can monitor the main parameters of any light point from a central or mobile unit. The obtained dat

8、a are ready for processing, allowing the reckoning of statistical consumption, lamp status, voltages, </p><p>　　In order to have an optimum control, the remote management system should allow a duplex or half

9、/duplex communication between the user and the ballast; otherwise we could not know the lighting status. The management system is implemented using a communication system and a lighting control protocol. The communicatio

10、n system can be wired,such as Ethernet, optical fiber and Power Line Carrier(PLC) or wireless. Among the last group we have GSM/GPRS, RF,WiFi,WiMAX,IEEE802.15.4 and ZigBee have brought </p><p>　　A WSN consis

11、ts of tiny sensor nodes, sink nodes, an information transport network and personal computers. Usually, WSN architecture consists of three layers, the physical layer, the MAC layer and the application layer. The IEEE802.1

12、5.4 standard deals with Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPAN); its aim is to standardize the two lower layers of OSI protocol stack, i.e.physical layer and medium access control layer. It only considers star

13、and peer-to-peer network topologies. On the othe</p><p>　　As regards the lighting control protocol, it can be chosen between an open protocol,like TCP/IP , BACNet, DMX512,LONWorks,X-10, 0-10 V or DALI, or pr

14、oprietary.DALI stands for Digital Addressable Lighting Interface, it was defined by annex E.4 of IEC 60929 as a digital signal controller for tubular fluorescent lamp ballasts' control interface and modified by IEC 6

15、2386, which also integrates other application of DALI apart from lighting and extends the kind of lamp to high intensity discharge (HID</p><p>　　This paper focuses on developing a street lighting management

16、system by making use of wireless sensor networks and DALI ballasts, materials used in the system are described and results about tests and measurements are presented.</p><p>　　Background</p><p>

17、　　Several scientific researches have been carried out in order to take the WSN advantages to the street lighting systems. For example, reference[4] explains the development of a wireless control system based on ZigBee. T

18、heir system allows the user to control and monitor the state of the lighting , but they do not focus on the energy efficienty, just the maintenance and the removal of wires in public areas for the people safety. Referenc

19、e[5] gives a more complex exemple of WSN applied to street lig</p><p><b>　　文摘</b></p><p>　　這一張主要是關(guān)注基于無(wú)線節(jié)能局域網(wǎng)和DALI協(xié)議的節(jié)能型路燈的遠(yuǎn)程控制系統(tǒng)之間的連接，用于檢查單個(gè)路燈，比如路燈的位置、路燈的電流等。因?yàn)?/3的路燈都是用的老式低效的安裝系統(tǒng)所以重

20、新安裝這里面潛在著巨大的節(jié)能價(jià)值。這個(gè)基于DALI協(xié)議的路燈控制系統(tǒng)的提議在最大程度上增加了設(shè)備（鎮(zhèn)流器）不過(guò)能被原始DALI控制的鎮(zhèn)流器最多只有64個(gè)。有些意見(jiàn)認(rèn)為路燈控制協(xié)議和通信系統(tǒng)還需討論，需要從實(shí)驗(yàn)得到幾個(gè)測(cè)試結(jié)果。</p><p><b>　　介紹</b></p><p>　　2/3路燈的電流安裝系統(tǒng)仍然用的是老式低效率技術(shù)，這就是說(shuō)，重新安裝來(lái)減少能源浪

21、費(fèi)存在著巨大的潛在價(jià)值。據(jù)估計(jì)只有5%的能源應(yīng)用于路燈的照明，認(rèn)為是成為城市最為重要能源用途。最近為了有效率的照明新的工藝方法真在發(fā)展，可以總結(jié)為燈的技術(shù)和電子鎮(zhèn)流器的改進(jìn)、軟件控制開(kāi)關(guān)、無(wú)噪聲性能和照明控制。</p><p>　　路燈的節(jié)能可以通過(guò)兩種方法達(dá)成，控制照明時(shí)間和昏暗度。同樣存在這樣的遠(yuǎn)程控制系統(tǒng)允許使用者對(duì)每個(gè)單獨(dú)路燈的控制和檢測(cè)。使用這種系統(tǒng)的話經(jīng)營(yíng)者可以監(jiān)測(cè)到任何中央或是移動(dòng)單元的照明點(diǎn)的主要

22、參數(shù)。獲得的參數(shù)馬上可以處理，可以估算統(tǒng)計(jì)消耗、燈的位置、電壓、異常等，減少維修時(shí)間。另外一個(gè)有趣的參數(shù)是弧電壓的水平，（這個(gè)。。。。。），減少維護(hù)經(jīng)費(fèi)。</p><p>　　為了得到最佳控制，這種遠(yuǎn)程控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該允許運(yùn)用者和鎮(zhèn)流器之間可以雙工或者辦雙工工作；不然我們就不知道照明的位置。這個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施要用到一個(gè)通信系統(tǒng)和一個(gè)照明控制協(xié)議。通信系統(tǒng)可以是有線的，比如以太網(wǎng)、光釬、PLC或者是無(wú)線無(wú)的。我們已有的

23、GSM/GPRS、RF、WiFi、IEEE802.15.4和ZigBee給我們?cè)跓o(wú)線傳感方面帶來(lái)了巨大的繁榮。關(guān)于無(wú)線傳感的綜合學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以在注解2和3中找到。</p><p>　　無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)由微小的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)、匯點(diǎn)，傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)和個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)組成。通常，無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)的筑建是由三層的，物理層、MAC層、應(yīng)用層。IEEE802.15.4和低頻無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)一起；它的目的是為了規(guī)范下面兩層OSI協(xié)議堆棧，在物理層通過(guò)介質(zhì)訪問(wèn)控

24、制層。它被認(rèn)為是星型和單對(duì)單的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)洹Ａ硪环矫?，ZigBee定義了上面兩層，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)層和應(yīng)用層，它的主要貢獻(xiàn)是為IEEE802.15.4提供形成集成、樹(shù)形和網(wǎng)格。</p><p>　　這個(gè)照明控制協(xié)議，可以在開(kāi)放協(xié)議像TCP/IP、BACNet、DMX512、x-10、0-10v、DALI或?qū)Ｓ兄羞x擇。DALI是數(shù)字可尋址照明界面，它是由IEC 60929的E.4定義成作為管狀熒光燈控制界面的數(shù)字信號(hào)控制器并由I

25、EC 62386改性，也集成了DALI的其他功能除了照明和延伸到高強(qiáng)度排放燈（HID)、鹵素?zé)?、白熾燈、LED燈等。</p><p>　　這一張主要是關(guān)于無(wú)線接入網(wǎng)和DALI鎮(zhèn)流器在路燈控制系統(tǒng)上的發(fā)展，在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)上運(yùn)用何種材料在被描述著以及測(cè)試和測(cè)量也已提出。</p><p><b>　　背景</b></p><p>　　幾項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究的提出是

26、為了將無(wú)線傳感的好處用于路燈系統(tǒng)。比如，參考【4】解釋的ZigBee的無(wú)線控制系統(tǒng)。他們的系統(tǒng)允許用戶控制和監(jiān)控照明的狀態(tài)，但他們并未關(guān)注能源的效率利用問(wèn)題，只是維護(hù)和在公共地帶去除電線以保護(hù)人的安全。參考【5】給出了一個(gè)更復(fù)雜的關(guān)于無(wú)線傳感用于路燈的例子，他們的系統(tǒng)是由傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)安在每個(gè)路燈桿再一個(gè)匯點(diǎn)安在變壓器上（可以控制每個(gè)路燈桿上節(jié)點(diǎn)）組成的。每一個(gè)匯點(diǎn)上的信息由GPRS送到控制中心。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)（。。。）逐漸增強(qiáng)到60%同樣是為了