外文翻譯-基于c8051單片機(jī)的雙相信號(hào)發(fā)生器軟件設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p><b>　　外 文 翻 譯</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目：基于C8051單片機(jī)的雙相信號(hào)發(fā)生器軟件設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　原文1：The brief introduction of traditional signal generator</p><p>　　譯文1：關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)信號(hào)發(fā)生器的簡(jiǎn)介</p>

2、<p>　　原文2：The basic principle of DDS signal generator </p><p>　　譯文2：關(guān)于DDS信號(hào)發(fā)生器的基本原理</p><p>　　The brief introduction of traditional signal generator</p><p>　　(原文1)Abstract <

3、/p><p>　　In the 21st century, the signal generator has obtained a wide range of applications and rapid development of signal generator as the basic electronic instruments in the field of electronic technology,

4、widely used in aerospace measurement and control, communications systems,electronic counter measures, electronic measurement, research in various fields. It can meet many of the requirements of the test system, and has b

5、ecome an integral part of system test. Besides, with technology advanceshas, th</p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　signal is a generator with the longest measuring instruments, as early as the 192

6、0s when the emerging electronic equipment it has. As the communications and radar technology development, 40 in a major test for a variety of standard receiver signal generator so that the signal generator from the quali

7、tative analysis of the test equipment developed into a quantitative analysis of the measuring instruments. At the same time there also can be used to measure pulse circuit or pulse modulator for the </p><p>

8、　　Since the 1960s, since the signal generator with the rapid development of a function generator, this period of analog signal generator use of electronic technology, by discrete components or analog integrated circuits

9、constituted, the circuit structure complicated and can only have a sine Wave, square wave, sawtooth and triangle wave, and so few simple wave, because the analog circuit drift higher, to the extent of output waveform poo

10、r stability, but also pose a simulator of the circuit there is</p><p>　　2 The classification of signal generator</p><p>　　With modern electronics, computers and signal processing technology, suc

11、h as the development has greatly promoted the digital technology of electronic measuring instruments in the application of the original analog signal processing gradually being replaced by digital signal processing, ther

12、eby expanding the signal processing equipment , Increase the accuracy of the measurement signal, accuracy and speed of transformation, the analog signal processing to overcome the many shortcomings, digital s</p>

13、<p>　　Signal generator is widely used, the wide variety. First of all, can signal generator at GM and dedicated two categories, the main signal generator dedicated to a particular measurement purposes of development

14、, such as the television signal generator, pulse code signal generator, and so on. This generator is subject to the characteristics of the object measured by the constraints of the request. Secondly, the output waveform

15、signal generator can be divided into sine wave signal generator, pulse-</p><p>　　3 The implementation methods of signal generator</p><p>　　The realization of the function signal generator method

16、 usually have the following kinds: </p><p>　　(1) the components with division: it is usually function generator single function generator and frequency is not high, its work is not very stable, not easy debu

17、gging. </p><p>　　(2) can be made by the transistor, the op-amp IC etc, more universal device is made with special function signal generator IC produce. Early function signal generator IC, such as L8038, BA20

18、5, XR2207/2209 etc, the functions of them less, precision, frequency cap 300kHz, unable to produce only higher frequency of signal, adjust the way also not enough flexibility, frequency and occupies emptiescompared to ca

19、nnot independent regulation, both affecting each other. </p><p>　　(3) use monolithic integrated chip function generator: can produce various waveform, achieve the high frequency, and easy to debug. In view o

20、f this, the American beauty developed a new generation letter ICMAX038 function signal generator, it overcomes the (2) chip shortcomings, can achieve higher technical index, is the chip deficits. MAX038 frequency and hig

21、h accuracy, good, therefore it is called a high-frequency precision function signal generator IC. In PLL, vco, frequency synthesizer, pulse</p><p>　　Author: G.Dai, K.Ahmet</p><p>　　Nationality:

22、British</p><p>　　Source: http: / / www.ieee.org / download / file2012</p><p>　　關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)信號(hào)發(fā)生器的簡(jiǎn)介</p><p><b>　　(譯文1)摘要</b></p><p>　　在21世紀(jì)的今天，信號(hào)發(fā)生器獲得了廣泛的應(yīng)用和快速的發(fā)展信號(hào)發(fā)

23、生器作為電子技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中最基本的電子儀器，廣泛應(yīng)用于航空航天測(cè)控、通信系統(tǒng)、電子對(duì)抗、電子測(cè)量、科研等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中。它能滿足測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的多種要求，成為了系統(tǒng)綜合測(cè)試中不可缺少的組成部分。而且，隨著科技進(jìn)步，信號(hào)發(fā)生器作為普遍的實(shí)驗(yàn)信號(hào)源，在當(dāng)今的電子實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)中起到了舉足輕重的作用。</p><p><b>　　1 簡(jiǎn)介</b></p><p>　　信號(hào)發(fā)生器是一種最悠久的測(cè)

24、量?jī)x器，早在20年代電子設(shè)備剛出現(xiàn)時(shí)它就產(chǎn)生了。隨著通信和雷達(dá)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，40年代出現(xiàn)了主要用于測(cè)試各種接收機(jī)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信號(hào)發(fā)生器，使信號(hào)發(fā)生器從定性分析的測(cè)試儀器發(fā)展成定量分析的測(cè)量?jī)x器。同時(shí)還出現(xiàn)了可用測(cè)量脈沖電路或用作脈沖調(diào)制器的脈沖信號(hào)發(fā)生器。由于早期的信號(hào)發(fā)生器機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，功率比較大，電路比較簡(jiǎn)單，因此發(fā)展速度比較慢。直到1964年才出現(xiàn)第一臺(tái)全晶體管的信號(hào)發(fā)生器。</p><p>　　自60年代以來

25、信號(hào)發(fā)生器有了迅速的發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了函數(shù)發(fā)生器，這個(gè)時(shí)期的信號(hào)發(fā)生器多采用模擬電子技術(shù)，由分立元件或模擬集成電路構(gòu)成，其電路結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，且僅能產(chǎn)生正弦波、方波、鋸齒波和三角波等幾種簡(jiǎn)單波形，由于模擬電路的漂移較大，使其輸出的波形的幅度穩(wěn)定性差，而且模擬器件構(gòu)成的電路存在著尺寸大、價(jià)格貴、功耗大等缺點(diǎn)，并且要產(chǎn)生較為復(fù)雜的信號(hào)波形則電路結(jié)構(gòu)非常復(fù)雜。自從70年代微處理器出現(xiàn)以后，利用微處理器、模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器和數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器，硬件和軟件使信號(hào)發(fā)生器的功能

26、擴(kuò)大，產(chǎn)生比較復(fù)雜的波形。這時(shí)期的信號(hào)發(fā)生器多以軟件為主，實(shí)質(zhì)是采用微處理器對(duì)DAC的程序控制，就可以得到各種簡(jiǎn)單的波形。軟件控制波形的一個(gè)最大缺點(diǎn)就是輸出波形的頻率低，這主要是由CPU的工作速度決定的，如果想提高頻率可以改進(jìn)軟件程序減少其執(zhí)行周期時(shí)間或提高CPU的時(shí)鐘周期，但這些辦法是有限度的，根本的辦法還是要改進(jìn)硬件電路。</p><p>　　2 信號(hào)發(fā)生器的分類</p><p>　　

27、隨著現(xiàn)代電子、計(jì)算機(jī)和信號(hào)處理等技術(shù)的發(fā)展，極大促進(jìn)了數(shù)字化技術(shù)在電子測(cè)量?jī)x器中的應(yīng)用，使原有的模擬信號(hào)處理逐步被數(shù)字信號(hào)處理所代替，從而擴(kuò)充了儀器信號(hào)的處理能力，提高了信號(hào)測(cè)量的準(zhǔn)確度、精度和變換速度，克服了模擬信號(hào)處理的諸多缺點(diǎn)，數(shù)字信號(hào)發(fā)生器隨之發(fā)展起來。</p><p>　　信號(hào)發(fā)生器的應(yīng)用非常廣泛，種類繁多。首先，信號(hào)發(fā)生器可以分通用和專用兩大類，專用信號(hào)發(fā)生器主要為了某種特殊的測(cè)量目的而研制的，如電視

28、信號(hào)發(fā)生器、脈沖編碼信號(hào)發(fā)生器等。這種發(fā)生器的特性是受測(cè)量對(duì)象的要求所制約的。其次，信號(hào)發(fā)生器按輸出波形又可分為正弦波信號(hào)發(fā)生器、脈沖波信號(hào)發(fā)生器、函數(shù)發(fā)生器和任意波發(fā)生器等。再次，按其產(chǎn)生頻率的方法又可分為諧振法和合成法兩種。一般傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)發(fā)生器都采用諧振法，即用具有頻率選擇性的回路來產(chǎn)生正弦振蕩，獲得所需頻率。但也可以通過頻率合成技術(shù)來獲得所需9-率。利用頻率合成技術(shù)制成的信號(hào)發(fā)生器，通常被稱為合成信號(hào)發(fā)生器。</p>

29、<p>　　3 信號(hào)發(fā)生器的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法</p><p>　　函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法通常有以下幾種：</p><p>　?。?）用分立元件組成的函數(shù)發(fā)生器：通常是單函數(shù)發(fā)生器且頻率不高，其工作不很穩(wěn)定，不易調(diào)試。</p><p>　?。?）可以由晶體管、運(yùn)放IC等通用器件制作，更多的則是用專門的函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器IC產(chǎn)生。早期的函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器IC，如L8038

30、、BA205、XR2207/2209等，它們的功能較少，精度不高，頻率上限只有300kHz，無法產(chǎn)生更高頻率的信號(hào)，調(diào)節(jié)方式也不夠靈活，頻率和占空比不能獨(dú)立調(diào)節(jié)，二者互相影響。</p><p>　　（3）利用單片集成芯片的函數(shù)發(fā)生器：能產(chǎn)生多種波形，達(dá)到較高的頻率，且易于調(diào)試。鑒于此，美國(guó)美信公司開發(fā)了新一代函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器ICMAX038，它克服了（2）中芯片的缺點(diǎn)，可以達(dá)到更高的技術(shù)指標(biāo)，是上述芯片望塵莫及的。

31、MAX038頻率高、精度好，因此它被稱為高頻精密函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器IC。在鎖相環(huán)、頻率合成器、脈寬調(diào)制器等電路的設(shè)計(jì)上，MAX038都是優(yōu)選的器件。</p><p>　　作者：G. Dai, K. Ahmet</p><p><b>　　國(guó)籍：英國(guó)</b></p><p>　　出處：http://www.ieee.org/download/file

32、2012</p><p>　　The basic principle of DDS signal generator </p><p>　　(原文1)1 The basic operation principle of DDS signal generator</p><p>　　Direct digital frequency synthesis is using

33、 digital technology, through the phase change speed control, directly to produce all sorts of different frequency signal a frequency synthesis method. It mainly consists of phase accumulators, sine ROM table, D/A convert

34、er and low-pass filter composition. </p><p>　　Reference clock by a stable fr produced crystal oscillator. Phase by N a accumulator adder and N a phase registers cascade constitute, similar to a simple adder

35、Each to a clock pulse, the adder will frequency control data with the accumulation of the phase registers output data addition, the addition phase results of the data sent to phase register input. Phase registers adder o

36、n will be produced when the clock function of the new phase data feedback to adder input, in order to make adder next c</p><p>　　In reference to the clock fr under the control of frequency control word of ac

37、cumulators tired to get the corresponding phase data, put this data as sampling address to addressing sine ROM table phase - amplitude transform at a given time, can determine the output waveform amplitude. DAC will digi

38、tal quantity forms of wave amplitude frequency convert the required forms an analog synthesis, low-pass filter used in signal sampling filter doesn't need to get weight, so determined by frequency contr</p>&l

39、t;p>　　Because the output by spurious frequency largest Nyquist sampling theorem limit, so the highest output frequency DDS for fr / 2, but in actual design DDS system, because the output filter non-ideal sex, general

40、output signal can only be the biggest frequency reference around 40% of the clock frequency fr. </p><p>　　Author: G.Dai, K.Ahmet</p><p>　　Nationality: British</p><p>　　Source: http:

41、 / / www.ieee.org / download / file2012</p><p>　　關(guān)于DDS信號(hào)發(fā)生器的基本原理</p><p>　　(譯文1)1 DDS信號(hào)發(fā)生器的基本工作原理</p><p>　　直接數(shù)字頻率合成是采用數(shù)字化技術(shù)，通過控制相位的變化速度，直接產(chǎn)生各種不同頻率信號(hào)的一種頻率合成方法。它主要由相位累加器、正弦ROM表、D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器和

42、低通濾波器構(gòu)成。</p><p>　　參考時(shí)鐘fr由一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的晶體振蕩器產(chǎn)生。相位累加器由N位加法器與N位相位寄存器級(jí)聯(lián)構(gòu)成，類似于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的加法器。每來一個(gè)時(shí)鐘脈沖，加法器將頻率控制數(shù)據(jù)與相位寄存器輸出的累積相位數(shù)據(jù)相加，把相加后的結(jié)果送至相位寄存器的數(shù)據(jù)輸入端。相位寄存器將加法器在上一個(gè)時(shí)鐘作用后所產(chǎn)生的新相位數(shù)據(jù)反饋到加法器的輸入端，以使加法器在下一個(gè)時(shí)鐘的作用下繼續(xù)與頻率控制數(shù)據(jù)相加。這樣，相位累加器在參

43、考時(shí)鐘的作用下，進(jìn)行線性相位累加，當(dāng)相位累加器累積滿量時(shí)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一次溢出，完成一個(gè)周期性的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)周期就是DDS合成信號(hào)的一個(gè)頻率周期，累加器的溢出頻率就是DDS輸出的信號(hào)頻率。</p><p>　　在參考時(shí)鐘fr的控制下，頻率控制字由累加器累加以得到相應(yīng)的相位數(shù)據(jù)，把此數(shù)據(jù)作為取樣地址，來尋址正弦ROM表進(jìn)行相位－幅度變換，即可在給定的時(shí)間上確定輸出的波形幅值。DAC將數(shù)字量形式的波形幅值轉(zhuǎn)換成所要求合成頻率

44、的模擬量形式信號(hào)，低通濾波器用于濾除不需要的取樣分量，這樣即可得到由頻率控制字決定的連續(xù)變化的輸出正弦波。</p><p>　　由于DDS的輸出最大頻率受奈奎斯特抽樣定理限制，所以DDS 的最高輸出頻率為fr/2，但在實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)的DDS系統(tǒng)中，由于輸出濾波器的非理想性，一般輸出信號(hào)的最大頻率只能達(dá)到參考時(shí)鐘頻率fr的40%左右。</p><p>　　作者：G. Dai, K. Ahmet&l