外文翻譯--電子動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的研究與設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p>　　電氣與信息學(xué)院自動(dòng)化專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯</p><p>　　Electonic power steering system Research and Design</p><p>　　電子動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的研究與設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　注：本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯文檔前半部分為英文部分，后半部分為中文部分。本外文翻譯由專業(yè)人員翻譯，內(nèi)

2、容詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)全面，得到導(dǎo)師的一致好評(píng)。值得大家借鑒參考。本文檔下載后為WORD版本，可按需直接編輯。</p><p>　　Electronic power steering system </p><p>　　What it is</p><p>　　Electrically powered steering uses an electric motor to dri

3、ve either the power steering hydraulic pump or the steering linkage directly. The power steering function is therefore independent of engine speed, resulting in significant energy savings.</p><p>　　How it wo

4、rks :</p><p>　　Conventional power steering systems use an engine accessory belt to drive the pump, providing pressurized fluid that operates a piston in the power steering gear or actuator to assist the driv

5、er.</p><p>　　In electro-hydraulic steering, one electrically powered steering concept uses a high efficiency pump driven by an electric motor. Pump speed is regulated by an electric controller to vary pump p

6、ressure and flow, providing steering efforts tailored for different driving situations. The pump can be run at low speed or shut off to provide energy savings during straight ahead driving (which is most of the time in m

7、ost world markets).</p><p>　　Direct electric steering uses an electric motor attached to the steering rack via a gear mechanism (no pump or fluid). A variety of motor types and gear drives is possible. A mic

8、roprocessor controls steering dynamics and driver effort. Inputs include vehicle speed and steering, wheel torque, angular position and turning rate. </p><p>　　Working In Detail:</p><p>　　A &quo

9、t;steering sensor" is located on the input shaft where it enters the gearbox housing. The steering sensor is actually two sensors in one: a "torque sensor" that converts steering torque input and its direc

10、tion into voltage signals, and a "rotation sensor" that converts the rotation speed and direction into voltage signals. An "interface" circuit that shares the same housing converts the signals from th

11、e torque sensor and rotation sensor into signals the control electronics can process.Inputs </p><p>　　The system has three operating modes: a "normal" control mode in which left or right power as

12、sist is provided in response to input from the steering torque and rotation sensor's inputs; a "return" control mode which is used to assist steering return after completing a turn; and a "damper"

13、 control mode that changes with vehicle speed to improve road feel and dampen kickback.</p><p>　　If the steering wheel is turned and held in the full-lock position and steering assist reaches a maximum, the

14、control unit reduces current to the electric motor to prevent an overload situation that might damage the motor. The control unit is also designed to protect the motor against voltage surges from a faulty alternator or c

15、harging problem.</p><p>　　The electronic steering control unit is capable of self-diagnosing faults by monitoring the system's inputs and outputs, and the driving current of the electric motor. If a prob

16、lem occurs, the control unit turns the system off by actuating a fail-safe relay in the power unit. This eliminates all power assist, causing the system to revert back to manual steering. A dash EPS warning light is also

17、 illuminated to alert the driver. To diagnose the problem, a technician jumps the terminals on the serv</p><p>　　click here to see a bigger </p><p>　　Electric power steering systems promise weig

18、ht reduction, fuel savings and package flexibility, at no cost penalty.</p><p>　　Europe's high fuel prices and smaller vehicles make a fertile testbed for electric steering, a technology that promises au

19、tomakers weight savings and fuel economy gains. And in a short time, electric steering will make it to the U.S., too. "It's just just a matter of time," says Aly Badawy, director of research and development

20、 for Delphi Saginaw Steering Systems in Saginaw, Mich. "The issue was cost and that's behind us now. By 2002 here in the U.S. the cost of electric power steering will absol</p><p>　　Today, electric

21、and hybrid-powered vehicles (EV), including Toyota's Prius and GM's EV-1, are the perfect domain for electric steering. But by 2010, a TRW Inc. internal study estimates that one out of every three cars produced i

22、n the world will be equipped with some form of electrically-assisted steering. The Cleveland-based supplier claims its new steering systems could improve fuel economy by up to 2 mpg, while enhancing handling. There are t

23、rue bottom-line benefits as well for automakers by r</p><p>　　Another claimed advantage is shortened development time. For instance, a Delphi group developed E-TUNE, a ride-and-handling software package that

24、 can be run off a laptop computer. "They can take that computer and plug it in, attach it to the controller and change all the handling parameters -- effort level, returnability, damping -- on the fly," Badawy

25、says. "It used to take months." Delphi has one OEM customer that should start low-volume production in '99.Electric steering units are normally p</p><p>　　"What we lack is the credibility

26、in the steering market," says Brendan Conner, managing director, TRW/LucasVarity Electric Steering Ltd. "The combination with TRW provides us with a good opportunity for us to bridge that gap." LucasVarity

27、 currently has experimental systems on 11 different vehicle types, mostly European. TRW is currently supplying its EAS systems for Ford and Chrysler EVs in North America and for GM's new Opel Astra.</p><p&

28、gt;　　In 1995, according to Delphi, traditional hydraulic power steering systems were on 7596 of all vehicles sold globally. That 37-million vehicle pool consumes about 10 million gallons in hydraulic fluid that could be

29、superfluous, if electric steering really takes off.</p><p>　　The present invention relates to an electrically powered drive mechamsm for providing powered assistance to a vehicle steering mechanism. Accordin

30、g to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrically powered driven mechanism for providing powered assistance to a vehicle steering mechanism having a manually rotatable member for operating the s

31、teering mechanism, the drive mechanism including a torque sensor operable to sense torque being manually applied to the rotatable memb</p><p>　　motor and/or gear box have seized.</p><p>　　The to

32、rque sensor 20 is preferably an assembly including a short sensor shaft on which is mounted a strain gauge capable of accurately measuring strain in the sensor shaft brought about by the application of torque within a pr

33、edetermined range. Preferably the predetermined range of torque which is measured is 0-lONm; more preferably is about l-5Nm.Preferably the range of measured torque corresponds to about 0-1000 microstrain and the construc

34、tion of the sensor shaft is chosen such that a torque </p><p>　　Electronic power steering system (English as EPS), and hydraulic power steering system (HPS) compared to, EPS has many advantages. </p>

35、<p>　　The advantage is that the EPS:</p><p>　　1) high efficiency. HPS efficiency is very low, generally 60% to 70%, while EPS and electrical connections, high efficiency, and some can be as high as 90 p

36、ercent. </p><p>　　2) less energy consumption. Automobile traffic in the actual process, at the time to about 5 percent of the time travelling, the HPS system, engine running, the pumps will always be in work

37、ing condition, the oil pipeline has been in circulation, so that vehicle fuel consumption rate by 4 % To 6%, while EPS only when needed for energy, vehicle fuel consumption rates only increased by 0.5 percent. </p>

38、<p>　　3) "Road sense of" good. Because EPS internal use of rigid, system of the lag can be controlled by software, and can be used in accordance with the operation of the driver to adjust. </p>&l

39、t;p>　　4) back to being good. EPS simple structure of small internal resistance, is a good back, get back to being the best characteristics, improve vehicle handling and stability.</p><p>　　5) little envir

40、onmental pollution. HPS hydraulic circuit in the hydraulic hoses and connectors, the existence of oil leaking, but hydraulic hoses can not be recovered, the environmental pollution are to a certain extent, while EPS almo

41、st no pollution to the environment. </p><p>　　6) can be independent of the engines work. EPS for battery powered devices, as long as sufficient battery power, no matter what the condition for the engine, can

42、 produce power role. </p><p>　　7) should have a wide range.</p><p>　　8) easy to assemble and good layout. </p><p>　　Now, power steering systems of some cars have become the standard

43、-setting, the whole world about half of the cars used to power steering. With the development of automotive electronics technology, some cars have been using electric power steering gear, the car of the economy, power an

44、d mobility has improved. Electric power steering device on the car is a new power steering system device, developed rapidly in recent years both at home and abroad, because of its use of programmable electronic cont</

45、p><p><b>　　圖1</b></p><p>　　電子動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的工作原理：</p><p>　　電子動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是通過一個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)來驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)力方向盤液壓泵或直接驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置。</p><p>　　電子動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向的功能由于不依賴于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速，所以能節(jié)省能源</p><p>　　電子動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)

46、是這樣運(yùn)行的：</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力方向盤系統(tǒng)使用一條引擎輔助傳送帶駕駛泵浦，提供操作在動(dòng)力方向盤齒輪或作動(dòng)器的一個(gè)活塞協(xié)助驅(qū)動(dòng)的被加壓的流體。在電動(dòng)液壓的控制，一個(gè)電子動(dòng)力方向盤包括一臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)控制的一個(gè)高效率泵浦。由一個(gè)電控制器調(diào)控泵浦壓力和流速來控制泵浦的速度，為不同的駕駛路況的提供轉(zhuǎn)向。 泵浦可以在汽車行駛低速時(shí)關(guān)閉以提供節(jié)能（在當(dāng)代的世界市場(chǎng)上)</p><p>　　電動(dòng)

47、控制轉(zhuǎn)向使用電動(dòng)機(jī)通過齒輪齒條機(jī)構(gòu)直接連接以達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)向控制（無泵或液體）。多個(gè)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器和多驅(qū)動(dòng)控制的實(shí)現(xiàn)是可能的。一個(gè)微處理器控制轉(zhuǎn)向動(dòng)態(tài)和驅(qū)動(dòng)的工作。輸入因子包括車速，轉(zhuǎn)向，車輪扭矩，角度位置和轉(zhuǎn)率。</p><p>　　工作運(yùn)行時(shí)的具體細(xì)節(jié)：</p><p>　　“轉(zhuǎn)向傳感器”位于變速箱體的輸入軸，提供輸入信號(hào)。 轉(zhuǎn)向傳感器實(shí)際上是在一個(gè)兩位一體的傳感器： “扭矩傳感器”把轉(zhuǎn)換指點(diǎn)扭

48、矩輸入和它的方向成電壓信號(hào)，同時(shí)“自轉(zhuǎn)傳感器”轉(zhuǎn)換轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)速度和方向成電壓信號(hào)。 共用一個(gè)箱體的“接口”電路把扭矩傳感器和自轉(zhuǎn)傳感器的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成控制電子電路可處理的信號(hào)。從指點(diǎn)傳感器的輸入由那微處理器的控制單元消化也監(jiān)測(cè)從車速傳感器的輸入。 傳感器輸入然后被比較確定多少機(jī)械化根據(jù)一張被預(yù)編程序的“力量地圖”需要在控制單元的記憶。 控制單元然后派出適當(dāng)?shù)拿顚?duì)然后供給電動(dòng)機(jī)以潮流的“電源裝置”。 馬達(dá)推擠機(jī)架在右邊或左邊根據(jù)哪個(gè)方式電壓流動(dòng)(

49、扭轉(zhuǎn)潮流扭轉(zhuǎn)方向馬達(dá)旋轉(zhuǎn))。 增加潮流對(duì)馬達(dá)增加功率協(xié)助。系統(tǒng)有三種操作方式： 左邊或右邊機(jī)械化提供以回應(yīng)從指點(diǎn)扭矩和自轉(zhuǎn)傳感器的輸入的輸入的“正常”控制方式; 被用于在完成輪以后協(xié)助指點(diǎn)回歸的“回歸”控制方式; 并且改變與車速改進(jìn)路感受和挫傷傭金的“更加潮濕的”控制方式。如果方向盤被轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，并且舉行在充分鎖位置和指點(diǎn)協(xié)助到達(dá)最大值，控制單元使潮流降低到電動(dòng)機(jī)防止也許損壞馬達(dá)的超載情況。 控制單元也被設(shè)計(jì)保護(hù)馬達(dá)以防止電壓浪涌免受一個(gè)有&

50、lt;/p><p>　　電子轉(zhuǎn)向控制單位有能力在自我診斷的缺點(diǎn)通過監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)輸入和產(chǎn)品和電動(dòng)機(jī)的激勵(lì)電流上。 如果問題發(fā)生，控制單元通過開動(dòng)在電源裝置的一個(gè)故障自動(dòng)保險(xiǎn)的中轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)。 這消滅所有機(jī)械化，造成系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)回到手工指點(diǎn)。 破折號(hào)EPS警告燈也被闡明警告司機(jī)。 要診斷問題，技術(shù)員跳服務(wù)檢查連接器的終端并且讀出問題代碼。</p><p><b>　　圖 2</b>&l

51、t;/p><p><b>　　電子動(dòng)力方向盤機(jī)制</b></p><p>　　當(dāng)前發(fā)明與提供的供給動(dòng)力的援助一電子功率驅(qū)動(dòng)器馬達(dá)關(guān)連給車操縱機(jī)構(gòu)。根據(jù)當(dāng)前發(fā)明的一個(gè)方面，那里為提供供給動(dòng)力的援助提供一個(gè)電子功率驅(qū)動(dòng)器機(jī)制給有車的操縱機(jī)構(gòu)一名手動(dòng)地可旋轉(zhuǎn)的成員為操作操縱機(jī)構(gòu)、傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)包括可行扭矩的傳感器感覺手動(dòng)地被申請(qǐng)于可旋轉(zhuǎn)的成員的扭矩，一個(gè)電子功率驅(qū)動(dòng)器馬達(dá)操縱著被連接

52、到可旋轉(zhuǎn)的成員和安排控制主驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)自轉(zhuǎn)速度和方向以回應(yīng)從扭矩傳感器收到的信號(hào)的控制器，扭矩傳感器包括為與可旋轉(zhuǎn)的成員的連接適應(yīng)的傳感器軸形成引伸因此，以便扭矩通過前述傳感器軸被傳送，當(dāng)時(shí) 可旋轉(zhuǎn)的成員被轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，并且應(yīng)變儀在導(dǎo)致的信號(hào)傳感器軸手動(dòng)地登上表示通過前述軸被傳送的相當(dāng)數(shù)量扭矩。</p><p><b>　　圖3</b></p><p>　　傳感器軸不旋轉(zhuǎn)更好地

53、登上在一個(gè)軸向末端在第一名聯(lián)結(jié)成員和不旋轉(zhuǎn)地登上在它的相反軸向末端在第二名聯(lián)結(jié)成員，第一和第二名聯(lián)結(jié)成員相互允諾允許有限的自轉(zhuǎn)之間連接，以便在一個(gè)被預(yù)先決定的極限之下的扭矩由僅傳感器軸傳送，并且，以便在前述被預(yù)先決定的極限之上的扭矩通過第一和第二名聯(lián)結(jié)成員被傳送。</p><p>　　更適宜地安排第一和第二名聯(lián)結(jié)成員作為操縱的連接的第一和第二個(gè)部分的一座橋梁互相的旋轉(zhuǎn)式成員。合適的傳感器軸是通常在多數(shù)的長(zhǎng)方形橫斷

54、面它的長(zhǎng)度中。應(yīng)變儀包括一個(gè)或更多的適應(yīng)地看見了諧振器綁到傳感器軸上。好的馬達(dá)操縱的被連接到可旋轉(zhuǎn)的成員通過傳動(dòng)器。馬達(dá)更好地包括一個(gè)工具箱和同心地被安排相對(duì)可旋轉(zhuǎn)的成員。當(dāng)前發(fā)明的Various方面此后將描述，關(guān)于伴隨的圖畫， ：圖1是一個(gè)車操縱機(jī)構(gòu)的一個(gè)圖表看法包括一個(gè)電子功率驅(qū)動(dòng)器機(jī)制根據(jù)當(dāng)前發(fā)明，圖 2是說明在圖顯示的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的各種各樣的組分的之間流程圖互作用1上，圖 3是一個(gè)軸截面通過在圖顯示的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)1，圖4上是一張截面圖被

55、采取沿著線IV-IV在表3，圖5是在圖顯示的輸入推進(jìn)聯(lián)結(jié)的一張更加詳細(xì)的分解圖3上，和圖 6是顯示在表3.的傳動(dòng)器的一張更加詳細(xì)的分解圖。 圖1的最初Referring，那里顯示一個(gè)車操縱機(jī)構(gòu)10操縱的被連接到一個(gè)對(duì)易操縱的路輪子12。這個(gè)顯示的操縱機(jī)構(gòu)包括一個(gè)齒條和齒輪匯編14被連接到路輪子12通過聯(lián)接15。 鳥翼末端(沒顯示)匯編14可旋轉(zhuǎn)地駕駛一名手動(dòng)地可旋轉(zhuǎn)的成員以駕駛桿18的形式哪些由方向盤19手動(dòng)地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。這個(gè)駕駛桿</

56、p><p>　　扭矩傳感器20更適宜地是一個(gè)匯編包括在扭矩應(yīng)用達(dá)到的傳感器軸登上應(yīng)變儀能夠準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量張力在一個(gè)被預(yù)先決定的范圍之內(nèi)的一個(gè)短的傳感器軸。被測(cè)量扭矩的被預(yù)先決定的范圍是0-lONm; 更好是關(guān)于l-5Nm。被測(cè)量的扭矩的范圍更好地對(duì)應(yīng)于大約0-1000微指令，并且傳感器軸的建筑更好被選擇這樣5Nm扭矩比在軸的2°導(dǎo)致較少的轉(zhuǎn)彎，少于1 °。好的應(yīng)變儀是鋸諧振器，在WO91/13832被描

57、述的一臺(tái)適當(dāng)?shù)匿徶C振器。 類似在圖顯示的那WO91/13832 3上更好地運(yùn)用配置，二看見諧振器被安排在對(duì)軸軸的45°和在90°對(duì)互相。諧振器經(jīng)營(yíng)與在200-400 MHz之間共鳴頻率和被安排導(dǎo)致信號(hào)到控制器1 MHz 40 ± 500 KHz根據(jù)傳感器軸的自轉(zhuǎn)方向的自我調(diào)節(jié)。 因此，當(dāng)傳感器軸不被扭轉(zhuǎn)的歸結(jié)于缺乏扭矩時(shí)，它導(dǎo)致一個(gè)1 MHz信號(hào)。當(dāng)它導(dǎo)致在1.0到1.5 MHz之間的一個(gè)信號(hào)的傳感器軸在一

58、個(gè)方向被扭轉(zhuǎn)。 當(dāng)傳感器軸在相反方向時(shí)被扭轉(zhuǎn)它導(dǎo)致在1.0到0.5 MHz之間的一個(gè)信號(hào)。 因而同樣傳感器能導(dǎo)致信號(hào)表示程度扭矩并且傳感器軸的自轉(zhuǎn)的方向。好的馬達(dá)扭矩引起的相當(dāng)數(shù)量以回應(yīng)在0-10Nm之間被</p><p>　　電子動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（英文簡(jiǎn)稱EPS）， 與液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（HPS）相比，EPS具有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。即EPS的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于：</p><p>　　1）效率高。HPS效率很低，一

59、般為60%~70%；而EPS與電機(jī)連接，效率高，有的可高達(dá)90%以上。</p><p>　　2）耗能少。汽車在實(shí)際行駛過程中，處于轉(zhuǎn)向的時(shí)間約占行駛時(shí)間的5%，對(duì)于HPS系統(tǒng)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，油泵始終處于工作狀態(tài)，油液一直在管路中循環(huán)，從而使汽車燃油消耗率增加4%~6%；而EPS僅在需要時(shí)供能，使汽車的燃油消耗率僅增加0.5%左右。 </p><p>　　3）“路感“好。由于EPS內(nèi)部采用

60、剛性連接，系統(tǒng)的滯后特性可以通過軟件加以控制，且可以根據(jù)駕駛員的操作習(xí)慣進(jìn)行調(diào)整。</p><p>　　4）回正性好。EPS結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單內(nèi)部阻力小，回正性好，從而可得到最佳的轉(zhuǎn)向回正特性，改善汽車操縱穩(wěn)定性。</p><p>　　5）對(duì)環(huán)境污染少。HPS液壓回路中有液壓軟管和接頭，存在油液泄露問題，而且液壓軟管不可回收，對(duì)環(huán)境有有一定污染；而EPS對(duì)環(huán)境幾乎沒有污染。</p>&

61、lt;p>　　6）可以獨(dú)立于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作。EPS以電池為動(dòng)力元件，只要電池電量充足，不論發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出于何種狀態(tài)，都可以產(chǎn)生助力作用。</p><p><b>　　7）應(yīng)有范圍廣。</b></p><p>　　8）裝配性好易于布置。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)在，動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)已成為一些轎車的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)置，全世界約有一半的轎車采用動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向。隨著汽車電子技術(shù)

62、的發(fā)展，目前一些轎車已經(jīng)使用電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向器，使汽車的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、動(dòng)力性和機(jī)動(dòng)性都有所提高。電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向裝置是汽車上一種新的助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)裝置,近年來在國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展迅速,由于它采用了可編程電子控制裝置,在帶來靈活性的同時(shí)也存在著安全隱患.在分析這種產(chǎn)品特殊性的基礎(chǔ)上,筆者結(jié)合電子控制裝置的特點(diǎn),指出了事關(guān)安全性的因素,提出了處理安全性的措施,并討論了幾個(gè)事關(guān)安全性的具體問題.研究結(jié)果表明:現(xiàn)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不能夠滿足電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向裝置安全性的需要;并提出了對(duì)