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1、<p><b> 附 錄</b></p><p> 附錄A 英文科技文獻</p><p> Disassembly Automotive Overview</p><p> Car shortly after the invention of the automobile repair and then had the
2、industry. In order to convenient maintenance, with jack lifting machine maintenance tools to appear. The early simple columnar foundation type hydraulic lifting machine, is greatly raised than it was still early jack and
3、 the function of the test bench, this early lifting machine can rotate function in lifting the car later, rotating 360 °. Maybe you often go to a car maintenance, now still use the lift machine to provide d</p>
4、;<p> Along with the development of the car industry, simple columnar type elevator machine design, the limitation of shows up soon. If only in car around for testing maintenance work of words, the lifting machin
5、e will be enough, but this lifting machine and the central pillar of the hoist boom would hamper into the bottom of the car most area. For simple columnar type elevator machine of these limitations, engineers have put fo
6、rward a lot of lifting machine design scheme and a lot of improvement work</p><p> In the market can see different types of different size, lifting machine, there are some particularly suitable for engaged
7、in special type of maintenance work, there are a few lifting machine for some other maintenance work. </p><p> Double column spots car battery lifting machine is contact a widespread adoption of lifting mac
8、hine, in recent years all new sales lifting machine, at least two-thirds are this type. This design is very popular, there are several reasons: one is the lifting machine installation quick, do not need a wide range of e
9、xcavation, also do not need to enterprise's whole layout some permanent changes. 2 it is the diversity of function, a double column spots car battery lifting machine with almost all can</p><p> In recen
10、t years, I had a booming industry, especially the car industry, DuoNian to cars into the ordinary families dream has become a reality. Vehicle repair industry has got to develop, all kinds of maintenance equipment needs
11、rapid expansion. Auto lift machine is necessary maintenance, is also the most important maintenance machinery. </p><p> Auto lift machine is the role of the need of repair car level to the appropriate heigh
12、t, so that maintenance workers in car chassis of automobile maintenance. Below Auto lift machine such as mentioned above, the main divided into pillar type and shear type two kinds, no matter which kind of, the demand fr
13、om both sides to car level synchronization up, and can't happen migration. And car chassis below must be empty. To facilitate the maintenance workers homework. This requires auto lift machine li</p><p>
14、 Nearly 20 years the world lifting machine industry has changed greatly. RT (off-road tires lifting machine) and AT the whole earth to lifting machine () of the rapid development of products, broke original product and m
15、arket structure, economic development and market in the fierce competition in the world, the impact of lifting machine market further integration trend. At present the lifting machine years sales has the world around us
16、$7.5 billion. The main producers for the United States, Japan</p><p> The United States is lifting machine main producer countries, it is one of the largest in the world market. But because Japan, Germany l
17、ifting machine rapid development of industry and RT and AT the rise of American manufacturers, products have in the s to 70 s, the world leading position in the field of possession is gradually weakened, so as to form th
18、e United States, Japan and Germany tripartite balance of power. In recent years the United States economy picks up, market, foreign manufacturer</p><p> Japan from the 1970 s become lifting machine producti
19、on country, product quality and quantity improve soon, have been exported to European and American markets, annual production ranked first in the world. Since 1992, due to the yen's appreciation, domestic infrastruct
20、ure investment dropped and the Asian financial crisis, the annual output to drop. At present, the market demand for years for 3000 units or so. </p><p> Europe is a large market potential, European industri
21、al nations lifting machine is the exporter, but also the important importer. Germany is the largest European market, followed by Britain, France, Italy and other countries. In Germany AT products market share, liebherr a
22、ccounted for 53%, 16%, DE lafugelufu horse) 14%, many fields and TeLeiKeSi each account for 10% and 5%. </p><p> Lifting machine manufacture the wind of the combined with the auto industry is very similar,
23、in the car industry, general motors, ford, BMW, Mercedes, Renault, public companies are on the way to unite, the two industries has been one of the world market. In the world to mature market for market share and maintai
24、n growth, shortcut is to buy rival, the long-term goal is to win the world market dominance. In the elevator industry, in a sense, into the world market means that into North America, Jap</p><p><b> 附
25、錄B 文獻翻譯</b></p><p><b> 拆裝小車概述</b></p><p> 汽車發(fā)明后不久便有了汽車維修的行業(yè)。為了維修方便,有了千斤頂舉升機等維修工具的出現(xiàn)。早期的單柱地基式液壓舉升機,大大地提高了比它問世還早的千斤頂和臺架的功能,這種早期舉升機的旋轉功能可以在舉起汽車以后,將其旋轉360°。也許你經(jīng)常去的一個汽車維修廠,現(xiàn)在
26、仍然利用這種舉升機為客戶提供日常的汽車維修服務,這種舉升機大多已經(jīng)工作了75年了。</p><p> 隨著汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展,單柱式舉升機設計上的局限性很快就顯露出來了。如果只是在汽車四周進行檢測維修工作的話,這種舉升機也就足夠了,但是這種舉升機的起重臂和中央立柱會妨礙進入汽車底部的大部分區(qū)域。針對單柱式舉升機的這些局限性,工程師已經(jīng)提出了很多舉升機的設計方案并作了許多改進工作?,F(xiàn)在,舉升機的選擇范圍很大,有地基式
27、、托舉式、剪式、平行四邊形式、便攜式、單柱式、雙柱式、四柱式、驅動式、接觸車架式、對稱式、非對稱式、小行程、大升程、隊列式以及其它的各種舉升機設計方案。某些舉升機可能同時具有這些設計方案中的幾個特點。</p><p> 在市場上可以看到的型式各異、尺寸不同的舉升機中,有一些特別適合于從事特殊類型的維修作業(yè),也有少數(shù)的舉升機適合進行一些其它的維修作業(yè)。 雙柱托舉接觸車架式舉升機是一個被廣泛采納的舉升機,在
28、最近幾年所有新銷售的舉升機中,至少三分之二都是這種類型的。這種設計之所以很流行,有幾方面的原因的:一就是這種舉升機安裝起來很快,不需要大范圍的開挖,也不需要對維修廠的整體布局進行一些永久性的變動。二是功能的多樣性,一臺雙柱托舉接觸車架式舉升機幾乎可以用來進行所有汽車的維修作業(yè)。這種舉升機的懸臂和接觸襯墊的布局,使得維修工能夠很容易地進入汽車的整個底部,進行車底的維修操作。因此,幾乎所有主要的舉升機生產(chǎn)廠家都要生產(chǎn)至少一種型號的雙柱托舉式
29、舉升機。</p><p> 近年來,我過汽車業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展,尤其是轎車行業(yè),多年來轎車進入普通家庭的夢想已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)實。汽車維修行業(yè)也隨之得到了大力發(fā)展,各種維修設備的需求迅速擴大。汽車舉升機是維修廠必備的,也是最重要的維修機械。</p><p> 汽車舉升機的作用是將需要維修的汽車水平提升到合適的高度,以便維修工人在汽車底盤下方對汽車進行維修。汽車舉升機如上邊提到的,主要分為柱式和剪式兩種
30、,無論哪一種,都要求其能夠從兩側將汽車水平同步舉起,不能發(fā)生偏移。而汽車底盤下方必須為空的。以方便工人進行維修作業(yè)。這就要求汽車舉升機兩側的舉升裝置必須是分離的,且兩側的上升或下降必須是同步的。由于汽車的重量一般都很大,而且升降時要求特別平穩(wěn),所以汽車舉升機一般都采用液壓系統(tǒng)進行驅動。除了要求從一定范圍內從汽車兩側將汽車同步舉升和下降外,還要求其能使汽車在任意高度停止并保持不動,以便不同身高的工人,在維修不同位置時可以任意調整高度,最方
31、便的進行維修,因此液壓系統(tǒng)必須具有定位保持功能。另外因汽車重量很大,一旦液壓系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障,舉升機舉臂在汽車重力的作用下會迅速下滑可能對扯下維修工人的生命安全造成威脅,舉升機上面的汽車也有被摔壞的危險。所以為了防止這樣的情況發(fā)生,舉升機必須具有機械鎖定裝置,機械鎖由分別安裝在舉升油缸外側和活塞桿頂部與舉升臂相連的銷軸上的兩根鋸齒形齒條組成,安裝在油缸外側的齒條固定不動。并且能繞銷軸做一定角度的擺動,以實驗兩根齒條的</p>
32、<p> 近20年世界舉升機行業(yè)發(fā)生了很大變化。RT(越野輪胎舉升機)和AT(全地面舉升機)產(chǎn)品的迅速發(fā)展,打破了原有產(chǎn)品與市場格局,在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展及市場激烈競爭沖擊下,導致世界舉升機市場進一步趨向一體化。目前世界舉升機年銷售額已達75億美元左右。主要生產(chǎn)國為美國、日本、德國、法國、意大利等,世界頂級公司有10多家,主要集中在北美、日本(亞洲)和歐洲。</p><p> 美國既是舉升機的主要生產(chǎn)國,又是
33、最大的世界市場之一。但由于日本、德國舉升機工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展及RT和AT產(chǎn)品的興起,美國廠商曾在20世紀60~70年代世界市 場中占有的主導地位正逐步受到削弱,從而形成美國、日本和德國三足鼎立之勢。近幾年美國經(jīng)濟回升,市場活躍,外國廠商紛紛參與競爭。 美國制造商的實力也有所增強,特雷克斯升降機公司的崛起即是例證。特雷克斯升降機公司前身是美國科林舉升機廠。1995年以來,其通過一 系列的兼并活動,已發(fā)展成為世界頂級公司之一。</p>
34、;<p> 日本從20世紀70年代起成為舉升機生產(chǎn)大國,產(chǎn)品質量和數(shù)量提高很快,已出口到歐美市場,年總產(chǎn)量居世界第一。自1992年以來,由于受日元升值、國內基建投資下降和亞洲金融危機影響,年產(chǎn)量呈下降趨勢。目前日 本市場年需求量為3000臺左右。 </p><p> 歐洲是潛力很大的市場,歐洲各工業(yè)國既是舉升機的出口國,也是重要的進口國。德國是最大的歐洲市場,其次為英國、法國、意大利等國。在德國
35、AT產(chǎn)品市場份額中,利勃海爾占53%,格魯夫占 16%,德馬泰克占14%,多田野和特雷克斯各占10%和5%左右。</p><p> 舉升機制造業(yè)中的聯(lián)合之風與汽車業(yè)很相似,在汽車行業(yè)中,通用汽車、福特、雷諾、寶馬、梅賽德斯、大眾等大公司都走上了聯(lián)合之路,這兩個行業(yè)的世界市場已日趨一體 化。欲在成熟的世界市場獲取市場份額并保持增長,捷徑是購買競爭對手,其長期目標是爭奪世界市場的支配地位。在升降機行業(yè),某種意義 上
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