外文翻譯--城市道路線位選擇之要點(diǎn)

1、<p>　　Main Points of Choice of the Urban Road Line</p><p>　　1. The overview</p><p>　　As one of the products of social development and one of the main component elements of modern cities, t

2、he urban road has respect to the coordination and sustainable development of cities and shows the cities’ potential of economical and cultural development. The original network of urban road needs to be programed and adj

3、usted again , especially owning to the rapid expansion of cities and the great increase of the number of cars in recent years. The urban road is not a seperated object any more</p><p>　　2. The comparison and

4、 selection of line-bits</p><p>　　With the increasing importance attached on such issues as sustainable develpoement, environment protection and land usage, the thinking modes of road design should be changed

5、, from only emphasizing the cost of initial construction stage to considering the cost of both construction and operation, only the safety and interest of the users to the feelings of other residents and the public, only

6、 the visible terrain and objects on the ground to the construction conditions such as geology, historical </p><p>　　3. The main points.</p><p>　　At present, the line selection in the design of u

7、rban road is not only a purely technical proof process of the line-bit comparison and selection, but also a process of implementing the pre-planning.At the same time,it needs the respect for natural environment,the adop

8、tion of public opinion,the prudence of demolition works and the consideration of economic interests of the parties, especially the protection for water resources and cultural relics. Only the above points having been f

9、inished, th</p><p>　　3.1. The implementation of the pre-planning</p><p>　　The choice of urban road lines should be based on the reasonable plan of urban land usage and urban road network.And it

10、is necessary to consider both the urban land usage and urban road network. In recent years, with the rapid development of urban construction,the phenomenon that urban planning can not keep up with urban construction freq

11、uently appears, which also has led to many reconstruction and waste of resources. How to find a better mode of operation to minimize the losses, is the first is</p><p>　　3.2. Respect for natural environment

12、</p><p>　　According to "the report on China's ecological problems ",ecological damage caused by the construction of road transportation and developing of mineral resources has become one of the

13、 main reasons for the deterioration of ecological environment, and intends to be more and more serious. General designers are accustomed to "dig roads in mountains and build bridge over waters". This has resul

14、ted in that it will take a long time for the completion of infrastructure projects,the large tracts of vege</p><p>　　Line selection embodies respect for the natural environment at the following points:</p

15、><p>　　1.Take up less arable land; keep away the basic protected farmland;</p><p>　　2.Evaluate on the basis of environment;keep away the sore piont of environment;</p><p>　　3.Conform t

16、o the topography and geomorphology; reduce the high filling and deep digging.</p><p>　　3.4. Prudence of demolition works</p><p>　　According to the previous experience on engineering, the problem

17、 of removal and compensation is often an important factor influencing the project advancement. Therefore, we should pay attention to the road line-bit as much as possible to avoid dense building areas and to reduce the

18、cost of demolition and resettlementthe. When we have to demolish some buildings,we should try our best to carry on the country's resettlement subsidy policy, and we need to not only safeguard the lawful rights and i

19、</p><p>　　3.5 The consideration of economic interests of the parties</p><p>　　In the process of selecting road line’s scheme, on the premise of standard meeting, if the alignment of road is bad

20、, its investment is small; if the alignment is good, the investment is large; if the investment is small, its enforceability is poor;if the investment is large, its operability is high. All these make it difficult to set

21、 down which one is better. “The Guide for New Concept of Highway Design” which is compiled by the Ministry of Transportation has proposed to establish a design conce</p><p><b>　　.</b></p>

22、<p>　　3.6 The protection for water resources </p><p>　　At present, our country’s intensity of controlling water pollution is increasing year after year, and people have realized that the seriousness of

23、ecological deterioration caused by water pollution. So when reservoirs, lakes and other water bodies get involved in the process of line selection, we should pay special attention to whether these water bodies are the re

24、sidents’drinking water sources or not. Because the water on the pavement will cause contamination, direct discharging the above wate</p><p>　　3.7. The protection for cultural relics</p><p>　　If

25、 there is a cultural relic in the area going to be used for road constrution or within the demolition site,we have to evaluate the level of the cultural relic according to Law of the People's Republic of China on the

26、 Protection of Cultural Relics, decide whether adjust the line-bit or not ,because the cultrual relics can not be randomly dismantled or demolished,and appearance be destroyed. Only with the approval of relevant departme

27、nts,the licensing authorities can issue the permits for const</p><p>　　3.8.Other factors</p><p>　　In the process of choosing the urban road lines, we may come across some other factors. On that

28、 conditon, we must considerate comprehensively and emphasize some point, and select the best line, on the premise that the project is practical, as the recommended line to advance the project . </p><p>　　4.

29、Conclusion</p><p>　　The line-bit seems simple, but in fact there are a lot of knowledge storing up in it. Not all the points mentioned above may arise in the process of choosing the urban road lines , but it

30、 is likely to encounter more problems that are more complicated.And these problems are always contradictary:if you intend to protect the water resources,the range of demolition may increase;if you try to protect the envi

31、ronment, the investment may raise. Therefore, after so many cpmparisions and various opinions</p><p>　　城市道路線位選擇之要點(diǎn)</p><p><b>　　1、概述</b></p><p>　　城市道路是社會發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，是現(xiàn)代城市的重要組成部

32、分，關(guān)系到一個城市的協(xié)調(diào)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，也體現(xiàn)出一個城市經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化發(fā)展的潛力。特別是由于近年來國內(nèi)許多城市規(guī)模的快速擴(kuò)張，汽車保有量的大幅增長，原有的城市路網(wǎng)需要重新規(guī)劃、調(diào)整。城市道路已不是一個孤立的客體，它的發(fā)展越來越受到城市發(fā)展中的其他因素的制約。線位選擇應(yīng)能體現(xiàn)道路與環(huán)境的相互協(xié)調(diào)、相互統(tǒng)一。合理的線位對經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、生活和環(huán)境都會產(chǎn)生積極的影響；反之，線位不合理將對道路周邊環(huán)境產(chǎn)生干擾，帶來一些負(fù)面影響[1]。</p>

33、<p><b>　　2、線位比選</b></p><p>　　隨著對可持續(xù)發(fā)展、環(huán)境保護(hù)和土地資源利用等問題的日益重視，道路設(shè)計(jì)思路需進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)變：由以往的只注重工程初期建設(shè)成本，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻y(tǒng)籌考慮建設(shè)成本和運(yùn)營成本；由只注重道路使用者的安全和利益，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橥瑫r兼顧考慮路外居民和公眾的感受；由只注重地面可見地形地物的控制，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷Φ孛嬉韵碌牡刭|(zhì)、文物、礦藏等建設(shè)條件的重視；由只注重道路自

34、身各專業(yè)間的協(xié)調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽⒅貙Φ缆放c沿線自然、生態(tài)、社會、人文等周邊環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)研究。線位比選是指在日常設(shè)計(jì)工作中，綜合考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、環(huán)境、行人、安全、道路交叉等各方面因素，結(jié)合現(xiàn)場實(shí)際情況，在不影響當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娚?、?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的前提下，多線位比選、多方面比較，得出一個最經(jīng)濟(jì)、最可行、最合理同時滿足國家相關(guān)規(guī)范、政策的線位。</p><p><b>　　3、要點(diǎn)</b></p>

35、<p>　　目前城市道路設(shè)計(jì)中進(jìn)行的線位比選不僅是一個純技術(shù)線位論證比選的過程，更是一個對前期規(guī)劃落實(shí)的過程，同時需要對自然環(huán)境的尊重、對公眾意見的采納、對拆遷工程的慎重、對各方經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的斟酌，更需要對水資源和文物古跡的保護(hù)。只有做到以上幾點(diǎn)，比選出來的道路線位才能得到廣泛的支持，才能體現(xiàn)規(guī)劃意圖，促進(jìn)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，完善城市路網(wǎng)功能。</p><p>　　3.1、對前期規(guī)劃的落實(shí)</p>

36、<p>　　城市道路線位應(yīng)以合理的城市土地利用規(guī)劃和城市路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃為前提，要把城市土地利用和城市路網(wǎng)有機(jī)結(jié)合起來考慮。近年來，隨著城市建設(shè)的突飛猛進(jìn)，城市規(guī)劃趕不上城市建設(shè)的現(xiàn)象頻頻出現(xiàn)，由此也造成了大量的重復(fù)建設(shè)和資源浪費(fèi)。如何尋找更好的操作模式，將損失降到最小，是城市建設(shè)規(guī)劃中值得探討的問題。只有充分了解前期規(guī)劃意圖，理解項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃功能，才能更好地結(jié)合現(xiàn)狀來落實(shí)規(guī)劃方案。</p><p>　　3.2、

37、對自然環(huán)境的尊重</p><p>　　根據(jù)《中國生態(tài)問題報(bào)告》：道路交通工程建設(shè)、礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)等引起的生態(tài)破壞已成為生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化的主要原因之一，并且呈加重和發(fā)展趨勢。一般設(shè)計(jì)者的習(xí)慣思維是“逢山開路，遇水架橋”，這就造成基建工程完成后，大片的植被和原生地貌需要很長時間才能恢復(fù)或根本無法恢復(fù)，甚至造成一系列的環(huán)境災(zāi)害。設(shè)計(jì)者始終要確立的意識是：道路是所在地區(qū)整個環(huán)境的一個組成部分，道路的線位選擇和設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)重視對環(huán)境的

38、保護(hù)和尊重，使環(huán)境更為完美而不應(yīng)破壞周圍的環(huán)境。因此作為有責(zé)任心的設(shè)計(jì)者，需要不辭辛勞地反復(fù)優(yōu)化路線方案。</p><p>　　路線選擇對自然環(huán)境的尊重體現(xiàn)在以下幾點(diǎn)：</p><p>　　(1)、少占耕地，避繞基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)區(qū)；</p><p>　　(2)、根據(jù)環(huán)境評價，避繞環(huán)境敏感點(diǎn)；</p><p>　　(3)、順應(yīng)地形、地貌走向，減少高

39、填深挖。</p><p>　　3.3、對公眾意見的采納</p><p>　　由于城市建設(shè)越來越與老百姓的切身利益相關(guān)，城市道路建設(shè)也應(yīng)該在線位比選過程（方案階段）對當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娺M(jìn)行公示，廣泛采納公眾意見，做到中等以上規(guī)模工程方案“公示化”，把公眾意見作為線位比選時考慮的一個重要因素，避免一個工程在開始實(shí)施時遭到當(dāng)?shù)厝罕姷钠毡榉磳?，造成工程的進(jìn)度緩慢、工期無限延長，最終導(dǎo)致城市道路建設(shè)成為影響當(dāng)

40、地經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的不利因素。</p><p>　　3.4、對拆遷工程的慎重</p><p>　　根據(jù)以往工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)，拆遷賠償問題往往是影響項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度的重要因素，在設(shè)計(jì)過程中減少拆遷數(shù)量、避免對敏感點(diǎn)的影響往往能夠事半功倍，因此應(yīng)注意使道路線位盡量避開建筑物密集地區(qū)，減少拆遷安置費(fèi)用，不得已進(jìn)行拆遷時要充分體現(xiàn)國家的安置補(bǔ)助政策，既要維護(hù)拆遷當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益，又要保障建設(shè)項(xiàng)目順利進(jìn)行。《中華人民共

41、和國物權(quán)法》于2007年10月1日開始實(shí)施，以后由于城市道路建設(shè)或土地開發(fā)引起的拆遷將需要更加慎重。</p><p>　　3.5、對各方經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的斟酌</p><p>　　在道路線位方案比選時，在滿足規(guī)范的前提下，道路線形差，但投資??；道路線形好，但投資大；工程投資小，但可實(shí)施性差；工程投資大，但操作性強(qiáng)，這樣就很難確定哪個方案更好。交通部組織編寫的《新理念公路設(shè)計(jì)指南（2005版）》中明

42、確提出要樹立“全壽命周期成本”的設(shè)計(jì)理念，也就是道路線位選擇應(yīng)從建設(shè)、養(yǎng)護(hù)、運(yùn)營、管理等各階段進(jìn)行全面經(jīng)濟(jì)比較，建設(shè)成本和運(yùn)營成本統(tǒng)籌考慮。另外對整條道路的修建在可行性研究中要進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)分析，對于局部路段的方案比較亦需進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效益分析，讓道路服務(wù)水平和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會效益共同確定的線位和技術(shù)指標(biāo)。</p><p>　　3.6、對水資源的保護(hù)</p><p>　　目前國家對水環(huán)境污染治理的力度逐

43、年加大，人們已經(jīng)意識到水體污染造成生態(tài)惡化的嚴(yán)重性，因此當(dāng)?shù)缆肪€位選擇遇到水庫、湖泊等水體時，要特別注意這些水體是不是城鎮(zhèn)居民飲用水源地。因路面水屬于污染水，直接排入上述水體是對水資源的一種破壞和對城鎮(zhèn)居民生活的威脅。因此路線布設(shè)時，必須優(yōu)先考慮水源保護(hù)線，盡量在水體下游或水源保護(hù)線外布線，特殊情況下必須以橋梁跨越水體或在上游布線時，應(yīng)進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)排水設(shè)計(jì)，做到路面積水獨(dú)立排除處理，做好危險、化學(xué)物品事故預(yù)案，確保水資源的安全。</p

44、><p>　　3.7、對文物古跡的保護(hù)</p><p>　　當(dāng)?shù)缆芬?guī)劃建設(shè)用地內(nèi)或拆遷地域內(nèi)有文物古跡時，必須根據(jù)《中華人民共和國文物保護(hù)法》確定文物古跡等級，決定是否讓線位進(jìn)行調(diào)整、避讓，不得隨意拆除或者拆遷文物古跡，不得毀壞文物古跡外貌。在文物古跡的地域只有經(jīng)有關(guān)部門的批準(zhǔn)，許可機(jī)關(guān)才能頒發(fā)建設(shè)許可證或拆遷許可證。</p><p><b>　　3.8、其他

45、因素</b></p><p>　　在城市道路線位選擇過程中還會碰到以上幾點(diǎn)以外的其他種種因素，就需綜合權(quán)衡、有所側(cè)重，在保證項(xiàng)目可行的前提下比選出最優(yōu)的線位作為推薦線位推動項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)。</p><p><b>　　4、結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　看似簡單的線位比選其實(shí)蘊(yùn)藏著很大的學(xué)問。以上所講之要點(diǎn)，在城市道路線位選擇時不一定