外文翻譯---基于slp法的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)線布局改善

1、<p>　　原文題目：Improvement of Industrial Production Process Design Using Systematic Layout Planning</p><p>　　基于SLP法的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)線布局改善</p><p>　　Nik?a FAFANDJEL，Rajko RUBE?A，Tin MATULJA</p><p&

2、gt;<b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Modern industrial production processes, including also shipbuilding processes, are expected to deliver products or interim products on time with acceptable price and

3、 required quality. For instance, production of pipe units in shipbuilding industry that use conventional methods, characterized by high content of human work per pipe unit, cannot satisfy these requirements. To increase

4、productivity it is necessary to introduce CNC machines and robotized lines that will also enhance production proces</p><p>　　workshop within a particular shipyard</p><p>　　Keyword：pipe workshop；

5、production process design；shipbuilding；Systematic layout planning（SLP）</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程包括船艦生產(chǎn)被希望能夠準(zhǔn)時的提供產(chǎn)品或者中間產(chǎn)品，并且需要提供合理的價格和要求的質(zhì)量。例如船艦制造里面的管道生產(chǎn)采用傳統(tǒng)方法，每個管道的生產(chǎn)都需要大量

6、的人員，從而不能滿足現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的需求。為了提高生產(chǎn)效率很必有要引進(jìn)CNC機(jī)器和機(jī)器人生產(chǎn)線，同時還能增強(qiáng)生產(chǎn)線能力。因此，應(yīng)該改善生產(chǎn)線機(jī)器設(shè)備布局來確保產(chǎn)量并且應(yīng)該事先預(yù)測最大可能的產(chǎn)量。因此，建議使用SLP法對于生產(chǎn)線布局改善設(shè)計。SLP法用于確定生產(chǎn)過程中最優(yōu)的設(shè)備布局和工藝布局。使用SLP法進(jìn)行布局改善設(shè)計已經(jīng)在一個生產(chǎn)管道的特定造船車間經(jīng)過測試。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：管道生產(chǎn)車間；生產(chǎn)線布局設(shè)

7、計；造船業(yè)；SLP法</p><p>　　1.緒論（Introduction）</p><p>　　From present industries, focusing on shipbuilding is expected to deliver to owners a quality product i.e.ship, on time and at the market price. To

8、 obtain these requirements, existing shipyards need to improve productivity and efficiency through plementation of new technologies and reorganization. It can be achieved by using new ethodologies and approaches to desig

9、n particular shipbuilding process segments with the objective to reach acceptable solutions.</p><p>　　目前集中于造船業(yè)的工業(yè)被期望能夠提供有“質(zhì)量”的產(chǎn)品比如較為便宜的能夠準(zhǔn)時交貨的船艦。為了滿足市場的這些需求，現(xiàn)有的造船廠需要通過采用新技術(shù)和結(jié)果重組來提高生產(chǎn)能力和生產(chǎn)效率。這些目標(biāo)都可以通過使用新的設(shè)計方法

10、重新設(shè)計造船中的生產(chǎn)線過程布局達(dá)到。</p><p>　　There are several ways to improve production:eliminate waste, improve flow, reduce material handling,plan for growth and expansion, built-in flexibility.</p><p>　　提高生

11、產(chǎn)能力有許多方法：消除浪費，改善流動性，減少材料處理，為產(chǎn)量的擴(kuò)張做計劃，設(shè)計靈活柔性生產(chǎn)線。</p><p>　　Production of pipe units in shipbuilding industry using conventional methods characterized by high content of human work per pipe unit cannot give goo

12、d results towards the objectives of increasing productivity and obtaining higher production quality levels. In this respect, every shipyard, which has the intention to remain present in the world market, considers variou

13、s possibilities for decreasing the content of human work per unit of the final product.</p><p>　　造船業(yè)的管道生產(chǎn)采用傳統(tǒng)的方法和大量的人力不能提高產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量。在這種情況下，各個企業(yè)為了保持自己在國際市場的地位，想盡各種辦法減少人力的消耗。 </p><p>　　One of the pos

14、sibilities in this way of increasing productivity and shortening production time within a shipyard is the introduction of modern robotized lines for pipe units production i.e. modernization and reorganization of present

15、state</p><p>　　制造企業(yè)采用這種方法提高產(chǎn)量，減少生產(chǎn)時間的一種可能性就是引進(jìn)現(xiàn)代機(jī)器人進(jìn)行管道生產(chǎn)，即現(xiàn)代化和重組生產(chǎn)線。</p><p>　　Shipyards equipped with machines and tools with high content of manual work will be faced with problems during the

16、process of changing type of production from</p><p>　　conventional to modern pipe unit production line. It can be related to the fact that the complete technological process should be changed, starting from t

17、he design stage,</p><p>　　work based breakdown structure, production planning and production itself .</p><p>　　擁有大量人工操作的機(jī)器和工具的工廠將面臨生產(chǎn)線由傳統(tǒng)向現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)變的問題。企業(yè)不得不面對這樣一種事實：所有的生產(chǎn)過程被改變，開始新的布局設(shè)計，解體以前的工作結(jié)構(gòu)、規(guī)劃和生

18、產(chǎn)。</p><p>　　Complexity of building a ship-piping system can be solved through a variety of potential solutions depending on the level of development for piping design and</p><p>　　production.<

19、;/p><p>　　建立一個船的管道系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性可以通過基于管道設(shè)計和生產(chǎn)的多種可能性方法進(jìn)行解決。</p><p>　　While designing a particular modern production process within shipyards, space limitations appear,because new spaces have to be found or

20、the old ones have to be technologically rearranged, which is usually difficult to realize. That is the reason why the best solution might be to design a completely new production line if possible.</p><p>　　當(dāng)

21、在一個工廠設(shè)計一個全新的生產(chǎn)線時空間是一個大的問題，因為建立生產(chǎn)線需要空間，所以新的空間需要被發(fā)現(xiàn)否則就要對舊的生產(chǎn)線進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，這是個很難實現(xiàn)的問題。這就是為什么最好的生產(chǎn)線建設(shè)方案就是在沒生產(chǎn)線的空白車間進(jìn)行全新的設(shè)計，因為不需要考慮空間問題。</p><p>　　The layout design has a significant impact on the performance of a product

22、ion process . Layout design has been an active research area in the past few decades. However, design algorithms for production lines and/or workshops are rare and/or may not be adequate to solve a real design problem.&l

23、t;/p><p>　　布局設(shè)計對制造企業(yè)生產(chǎn)性能具有顯著影響，最近幾十年的時間里布局設(shè)計研究一直是一個熱門領(lǐng)域。然而為生產(chǎn)線設(shè)計的算法很少見并且一般不能夠解決實際的生產(chǎn)布局設(shè)計問題。</p><p>　　Existing research in production design layout problems often fall into two major categories, suc

24、h as algorithmic and procedural ones. Algorithmic approaches</p><p>　　usually simplify both design constraints and objectives in order to reach a surrogate objective function whose solution can then be obtai

25、ned . These approaches usually only involve quantitative input data. Their design solutions are easier to evaluate by comparing their objective function values.</p><p>　　現(xiàn)在關(guān)于生產(chǎn)布局的研究方法大體可以分為兩類：算法和程序。算法的方法簡化了設(shè)

26、計，通過目標(biāo)函數(shù)的約束和最終目標(biāo)需求得到一個替代的解決方案。這些方法通常只涉及輸入的數(shù)據(jù)而不包含其它。通過這種方法得到的解決方案的優(yōu)劣通過目標(biāo)函數(shù)的值可以很容易的進(jìn)行比較。</p><p>　　Procedural approaches can incorporate both,qualitative and quantitative, objectives in the design process . For

27、 these approaches, the design process is divided into several steps that are then solved sequentially. The success of a procedural approach implementation is dependent on the generation of quality design alternatives tha

28、t are often from the output of an experienced designer. Thus, the input from area experts during the design process is considered to be a must towards an effective works</p><p>　　程序法可以使定性與定量兩種方法相結(jié)合，目標(biāo)在這些方法的設(shè)

29、計過程中得以實現(xiàn)。對于這些方法，設(shè)計流程被分成幾個步驟，然后按照順序進(jìn)行解決。成功的設(shè)計方案常常出自經(jīng)驗豐富的設(shè)計師曾設(shè)計的方案的代代傳承。因此在進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)線布局時采用專家的方法進(jìn)行設(shè)計是必須的。它常常是進(jìn)行設(shè)計布局評估的最后一個步驟。因為如果采用多個目標(biāo)函數(shù)值進(jìn)行設(shè)計最終方案的選擇將是很難的一個步驟。</p><p>　　A workshop layout design problem exposes the s

30、trong properties of a multipl objective decision problem.For this instance, an algorithmic approach may not be</p><p>　　adequate in providing a quality solution. Alternatively,the use of a sound procedural a

31、pproach with the aid of a proven tool as design evaluation function would be a viable approach for a workshop layout design problem.</p><p>　　車間布局設(shè)計暴露了多目標(biāo)決策方法的問題。在這種情況下，算法不能提供最優(yōu)的設(shè)計方案，所以采用輔助方案的聲音過程方法作為設(shè)計評價函數(shù)將

32、是車間布局設(shè)計問題的可行方法。</p><p>　　The authors suggest using a Systematic layout planning (SLP) procedural approach for production process design improvement, because it features both the simplicity of the design proc

33、ess and the objectivity of the multiple-criteria evaluation process as opposed to existing algorithmic approaches, which are ineffective in solving qualitative objective problems, and regular procedural approaches that l

34、ack a structural multiplecriteria evaluation approach.</p><p>　　在此作者建議采用SLP法對生產(chǎn)線布局進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，因為它具有簡單的設(shè)計過程，多準(zhǔn)則評估過程客觀性，和現(xiàn)有的算法完全不同，現(xiàn)有的算法是無效的，現(xiàn)有的算法在解決客觀存在的問題和定期處理程序性問題缺乏結(jié)構(gòu)性的多方位評估方法。</p><p>　　While the aut

35、hors were involved in the R&D project of technological modernization of one real shipyard,as a separate project they had to design a new pipe production workshop, where a proposed novel approach was implemented and t

36、ested.</p><p>　　雖然作者參與了一個先進(jìn)技術(shù)化現(xiàn)代造船廠的R&D項目，但是作為一個單獨的項目，作者要設(shè)計一個全新的管道生產(chǎn)線，在這條生產(chǎn)線上SLP法將得到應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　2.SLP法簡介（Outline of systematic Layout planning）</p><p>　　This section aims at pr

37、oviding a brief review of the SLP procedure as shown in Figure 1. The SLP begins with PQRST analysis (step 1) for the overall production activities. The data collection fields including P (product),Q (quantity), R (routi

38、ng), S (supporting), and T (time) should be scrutinized in order to assure the validity of the</p><p>　　input data at the design stage. </p><p>　　本節(jié)重點對SLP法的理論和實施方法進(jìn)行介紹，大體概況如圖1所示：SLP法從對生產(chǎn)線進(jìn)行全

39、面分析的PQRST開始。對收集到的數(shù)據(jù)包括P（產(chǎn)品）、Q（產(chǎn)量）、R（生產(chǎn)路線）、S（輔助服務(wù)部門）、T（時間）應(yīng)進(jìn)行細(xì)致的審核，以確保輸入?yún)?shù)的有效性。</p><p>　　Figure1.SLP procedure</p><p>　　圖1 SLP法實施程序圖</p><p>　　In the flow of material analysis (step 2

40、), all material flows from the whole production line are aggregated into a from-to chart that represents the flow intensity among</p><p>　　different tool sets or work positions. The step of “activity relatio

41、nships” (step 3) performs qualitative analysis towards the close relationship decision among different</p><p>　　work positions.</p><p>　　在第二步物流分析里所有生產(chǎn)線的物料流動都被統(tǒng)計到一個代表不同工位或者不同工作地點物流強(qiáng)度的從致表中。第三步作業(yè)相關(guān)

42、關(guān)系分析表明了不同工作之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系。</p><p>　　The step of “relationship diagram” (step 4) positions areas spatially. For those work positions (areas) that have strong interactions and/or close relationships are placed in pro

43、ximity.</p><p>　　第四步用相關(guān)關(guān)系圖將各工序的相關(guān)關(guān)系表示出來。對于那些具有很強(qiáng)的相互關(guān)系或者很近的作業(yè)關(guān)系的工序設(shè)備擺放在一起。</p><p>　　The steps of “space requirements” and “space available” (steps 5 and 6) determine the amount of floor space to

44、be allocated to each work position. This decision is particularly critical to a workshop design problem due to the costly clean room floor space and the difficulty in future expansion.</p><p>　　第五步和第六步“需要的空間

45、”和“可以利用的空間”決定了可以供給每個工序設(shè)備所使用的空間。這一決策對空間設(shè)備布局非?？量?，因為車間空間的巨大價值和未來車間擴(kuò)張的需要決定了車間空間的利用價值。</p><p>　　The step of “space relationship diagram” (step 7) adds area size information into the relationship diagram from step

46、 4. Additional design constraints and limitations are</p><p>　　considered before the start of block layout generation in steps 8 and 9. Step 10 then develops layout alternatives as design candidates. Step 11

47、 chooses the final design</p><p>　　from these design candidates.</p><p>　　第七步“空間關(guān)系圖”通過第四步在車間設(shè)備相互關(guān)系圖中添加了空間面積信息。在對第八步和第九步的生產(chǎn)線設(shè)備布局進(jìn)行設(shè)計之前需要對設(shè)計約束和限制進(jìn)行考慮。第十步形成多個備選方案。第十一步為最終步驟，對備選方案進(jìn)行評估，并確定最終方案。</p