外文翻譯---基于arm9的tft觸摸屏顯示模塊設(shè)計

1、<p><b>　　原文：</b></p><p>　　基于ARM9的TFT觸摸屏顯示模塊設(shè)計</p><p>　　隨著信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，人們對電子產(chǎn)品的智能化，便捷化，人性化要求也不斷地提高，觸摸屏作為一種人性化得輸入輸出設(shè)備，在我國的應(yīng)用范圍非常的廣闊，是依附有吸引力的多媒體交互設(shè)備。</p><p>　　目前，觸摸屏的要求動力

2、主要來自于消費電子產(chǎn)品，如手機，PDA，便攜式導(dǎo)航設(shè)備，MP4，數(shù)碼相機，平板電腦等。隨著觸摸屏的技術(shù)不斷地發(fā)展，他在其他電子產(chǎn)品種的應(yīng)用也會得到不斷地延伸的。</p><p>　　嵌入式觸摸屏裝置是人機交互的設(shè)備，一般觸摸屏安裝在液晶顯示頻上面，利用微處理器對觸摸屏和液晶顯示屏進(jìn)行控制，實現(xiàn)觸摸屏對液晶顯示屏的可控制，方便，直觀，取代了傳統(tǒng)的鍵盤輸入和鼠標(biāo)的操作，它與鼠標(biāo)這類的點對定位系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)區(qū)別是一次到位的

3、直觀性。</p><p>　　TFT技術(shù)是二十世紀(jì)九十年代發(fā)展起來的，采用新材料和新工藝的大規(guī)模半導(dǎo)體全集成電路制造技術(shù)，是液晶（LC）、無機和有機薄膜電致發(fā)光（EL和OEL）平板顯示器的基礎(chǔ)。TFT是在玻璃或塑料基板等非單晶片上（當(dāng)然也可以在晶片上）通過濺射、化學(xué)沉積工藝形成制造電路必需的各種膜，通過對膜的加工制作大規(guī)模半導(dǎo)體集成電路（LSIC）。采用非單晶基板可以大幅度地降低成本，是傳統(tǒng)大規(guī)模集成電路向大面積

4、、多功能、低成本方向的延伸。在大面積玻璃或塑料基板上制造控制像元（LC或OLED）開關(guān)性能的TFT比在硅片上制造大規(guī)模IC的技術(shù)難度更大。對生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的要求（凈化度為100級），對原材料純度的要求（電子特氣的純度為99.999985％），對生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的要求都超過半導(dǎo)體大規(guī)模集成，是現(xiàn)代大生產(chǎn)的頂尖技術(shù)。其主要特點有：</p><p><b>　?。?）大面積</b></p>

5、<p><b>　?。?）高集成度</b></p><p><b>　?。?）功能強大</b></p><p><b>　　（4）低成本</b></p><p><b>　?。?）工藝靈活</b></p><p><b>　　（6）

6、應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域廣泛</b></p><p>　　TFT-LCD的顯示屏的工作原理：</p><p>　　TFT-LCD將點陣像素分割成紅、綠、藍(lán)三個子像素，并在其對應(yīng)位置的器件內(nèi)表面設(shè)置R、G、B 三個微型濾色膜，此時液晶顯示器件只作為一個光閥，控制每個子像素光閥，就可以控制濾色膜透過光的通斷；控制光閥的灰度等級就可以控制相應(yīng)濾色膜透過光的多少；利用R、G、B這三個子像素透過的不同光

7、量，便可以混合加色實現(xiàn)極為豐富的彩色。如果R、G、B這三個子像素均可實現(xiàn)人眼對灰度分辨能力256級灰度驅(qū)動，就可以實現(xiàn)有256x256x256約1600萬種彩色的“真彩色”。</p><p>　　TFT-LCD的主要特點是在每個像素配置一個半導(dǎo)體開關(guān)器件，由于每個像素都可以通過點脈沖直接控制，使得每個節(jié)點相對獨立，并可以連續(xù)控制。TFT-LCD具有屏幕反應(yīng)速度快，對比度和亮度都教高，屏幕可視角度大，色彩豐富、分辨

8、率高等特點，是目前最好的LCD彩色顯示設(shè)備之一。</p><p>　　TFT-LCD的觸屏的工作原理：</p><p>　　當(dāng)手指觸摸屏幕是，兩層的電層就再觸摸點位置就有了接觸，控制器偵測到這一接觸點，并計算出（X，Y）的位置，在根據(jù)模擬鼠標(biāo)的方式運作。</p><p>　　TFT-LCD的主要優(yōu)點</p><p>　　隨著九十年代初TFT技

9、術(shù)的成熟，彩色液晶平板顯示器迅速發(fā)展，不到10年的時間，TFT-LCD迅速成長為主流顯示器，這與它具有的優(yōu)點是分不開的。主要特點是： </p><p><b>　?。?）使用特性好</b></p><p>　　低壓應(yīng)用，低驅(qū)動電壓，固體化使用安全性和可靠性提高；平板化，又輕薄，節(jié)省了大量原材料和使用空間；低功耗，它的功耗約為CRT顯示器的十分之一，反射式TFT-LCD

10、甚至只有CRT的百分之一左右，節(jié)省了大量的能源；TFT-LCD產(chǎn)品還有規(guī)格型號、尺寸系列化，品種多樣，使用方便靈活、維修、更新、升級容易，使用壽命長等許多特點。顯示范圍覆蓋了從1英寸至40英寸范圍內(nèi)的所有顯示器的應(yīng)用范圍以及投影大平面，是全尺寸顯示終端；顯示質(zhì)量從最簡單的單色字符圖形到高分辨率，高彩色保真度，高亮度，高對比度，高響應(yīng)速度的各種規(guī)格型號的視頻顯示器；顯示方式有直視型，投影型，透視式，也有反射式。 </p>&

11、lt;p><b>　?。?）環(huán)保特性好</b></p><p>　　無輻射、無閃爍，對使用者的健康無損害。特別是TFT-LCD電子書刊的出現(xiàn)，將把人類帶入無紙辦公、無紙印刷時代，引發(fā)人類學(xué)習(xí)、傳播和記栽文明方式的革命。 </p><p><b>　?。?）適用范圍寬</b></p><p>　　從-20℃到+50℃的

12、溫度范圍內(nèi)都可以正常使用，經(jīng)過溫度加固處理的TFT-LCD低溫工作溫度可達(dá)到零下80℃。既可作為移動終端顯示，臺式終端顯示，又可以作大屏幕投影電視，是性能優(yōu)良的全尺寸視頻顯示終端。 </p><p>　?。?）制造技術(shù)的自動化程度高</p><p>　　大規(guī)模工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)特性好。TFT-LCD產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)成熟，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的成品率達(dá)到90%以上。 </p><p>　?。?

13、）TFT-LCD易于集成化和更新?lián)Q代</p><p>　　是大規(guī)模半導(dǎo)體集成電路技術(shù)和光源技術(shù)的完美結(jié)合，繼續(xù)發(fā)展?jié)摿艽?。目前有非晶、多晶和單晶硅TFT-LCD，將來會有其它材料的TFT，既有玻璃基板的又有塑料基板。</p><p>　　本設(shè)計實現(xiàn)了以S3C2440處理器為硬件，為可移植的嵌入式linux系統(tǒng)編寫TFT-LCD屏系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動技術(shù)。該驅(qū)動基于linux系統(tǒng)幀緩沖技術(shù)，既實現(xiàn)驅(qū)動

14、底層S3C2440的LCD控制器又為上層應(yīng)用程序提供系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的接口API。在將編寫好的驅(qū)動程序編寫的內(nèi)核中，將編譯好的內(nèi)核燒寫到開發(fā)板上。建立LINUX系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)環(huán)境，編寫個測試程序，進(jìn)行交叉編譯后移入開發(fā)板中運行，檢測驅(qū)動程序。</p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p>　　the module design of TFT touch screen

15、 display based on ARM9</p><p>　　With the rapid development of information technology, people have more and more demand on the intelligence, convenience, humanity of electronic products. Touch screen, as a hu

16、manized input and output device, is a kind of attractive multimedia interactive device, which is widely used in our country.</p><p>　　At present, the requested power of touch screen is mainly from consumer e

17、lectronic products such as mobile phone, PDA, portable navigation devices, MP4, digital camera and tablet computer and so on.</p><p>　　Embedded touch screen device is man-machine interactive devices, general

18、ly the touch screens installed above the LCD, in which using the microprocessor to control the LCD with touch-screen, and also realize the controllability to the LCD, which is convenient and intuitive, it replaced the tr

19、aditional operation by keyboard and mouse. In addition, the essential difference between the embedded touch screen device and mouse, a kind of point to positioning system, is that it has the character of intu</p>

20、<p>　　TFT technology, developed during the 1990s, is a kind of large-scale semiconductor manufacturing technology that employs new materials and new technology, which is the foundation of LC, inorganic and the organ

21、ic thin-film electroluminescent flat-panel display. TFT is applying on single chip,such as a glass or plastic substrate, through applying the sputtering, chemical deposition technology to shaping various membrane which i

22、s necessary for reproducing manufacturing circuit, and also through the</p><p>　　Single crystal substrate can lower greatly the cost, and it is the outspread of the traditional large scale integrated circuit

23、 to large area, multi-function, low cost. It is more difficult to manufacture TFT that control LC or OLED switch performance on large glass or plastic substrates than manufacture large-scale IC technology on silicon. Si

24、ngle crystal substrate is the top technology of modern production, its requirements for production environment( purification degrees is 100 levels), for p</p><p>　?。?）large area</p><p>　　（2）High

25、 level of integration</p><p>　　（3）Powerful</p><p>　?。?）Lowcost</p><p>　　（5）Process flexible</p><p>　?。?）Extensive applying field</p><p>　　Tft-lcd screen pr

26、inciple of work:</p><p>　　Tft-lcd will bitmap pixel divided into red, green and blue three sub-pixel, and in its corresponding position within the device set R, G, surface of three miniature filter color fil

27、m B, when LCD display device only as a light valve, control each sub-pixel light valve, filter can be used to control the color film; hige through light Control of gray level light valve to control the corresponding filt

28、er through light color film how much; Using R, G, B this three sub-pixel through different amount o</p><p>　　The main characteristic of tft-lcd in each pixel is configuring a semiconductor switching devices,

29、 since each pixel can directly control through the point pulse, make each node is a relatively independent, and can continuous control. Tft-lcd screen reaction speed, with high brightness and contrast is taught, screen v

30、isible Angle is big, color is rich, the resolution higher characteristic, is the best one of the LCD color display equipment.</p><p>　　Tft-lcd touch screen of the working principle:</p><p>　　Whe

31、n a finger touch screen is the electrical layer, two layer again touch point had contact, controller to detect the contact point, and compute (X, Y) position, according to simulate the way in mouse operation.</p>

32、<p>　　the principal advantage of TFT-LCD:</p><p>　　As in the early 1990s, TFT technology has gradually become mature, color LCD flat-panel display is in rapid development, TFT-LCD rapidly growth and bec

33、ome the mainstream display in less than 10 years, and this is impartible for its advantage. Its main characteristic: </p><p>　　(1)excelent operating characteristic</p><p>　　Low voltage applicati

34、on, low driving voltage, reliability and safety of the use of solidification has been enhanced; Flat optimization, and frivolous, which saves abundant raw materials and used space; Low power consumption, its power consum

35、ption is only about one-tenth of the CRT monitor, and the reflecting TFT-LCD is even only about one percent of the CRT, which saves a huge amount of energy; TFT-LCD products have their own specifications and size seriat

36、ion, which is numerous in variety and c</p><p>　　(2)favourable environmental features </p><p>　　It is radiationless and free of flashing, and is no harm to the user's health. Especially as t

37、he emergence of TFT-LCD electronic books, human beings will come into an era that with paperless office and no paper printing, and it will also cause human to learning, disseminating and recording the civilization way<

38、;/p><p>　　(3)Wide application scope</p><p>　　It can be used normally in the temperature ranging from 20℃below zero to 50 ℃, and TFT-LCD, that had been reinforced by temperature, its low-temperatur

39、e working temperature can achieve 80 ℃ below zero. TFT-LCD can be either as mobile terminal display, or desktop terminal display, or can be big screen TV, is a full size video display terminal with fine performance.</

40、p><p>　　(4)High degree of automation of manufacturing technology.</p><p>　　Large-scale industrialization has the feature of good poducing characteristic. TFT-LCD industry is now technologically mat

41、ure, and mass production yield up to 90%.</p><p>　?。?） TFT-LCD easy integration and renewal</p><p>　　TFT-LCD is the perfect combination of large-scale semiconductor integrated circuit technology

42、 and light source technology , it has a great potential to develop. Currently there are amorphous silicon, polycrystal silicon, and TFT-LCD silicon, and there will be more TFT in other material,such as the glass substra

43、tes and plastic substrates.</p><p>　　The design in this article has realized S3C2440 processor as hardware, with for portable embedded Linux system write tft-lcd screen system driver technology. And this dri

44、ver is based on Linux frame buffering system, which realizes S3C2440 LCD controller that in the bottom of driven and also provides apis interfaces of application system call for the upper. In writing good drivers will be