外文翻譯--包裝機(jī)械的發(fā)展

1、<p><b>　　中文譯文</b></p><p><b>　　包裝機(jī)械的發(fā)展</b></p><p>　　包裝是必要的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入流通領(lǐng)域,包裝是主要的手段,包裝機(jī)械包裝是產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入流通領(lǐng)域的必要條件，而實(shí)現(xiàn)包裝的主要手段是包裝機(jī)械。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，包裝機(jī)就是把產(chǎn)品包裝起來(lái)的機(jī)器，起著保護(hù)，美觀的作用。包裝機(jī)主要分為兩個(gè)方面，一是流水線式的整體

2、生產(chǎn)包裝，二是產(chǎn)品外圍包裝設(shè)備隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，科技的進(jìn)步，包裝機(jī)械在包裝領(lǐng)域中正起著越來(lái)越大的作用。我國(guó)包裝機(jī)行業(yè)起步于20世紀(jì)70年代，在80年代末和90代中期的到了迅速發(fā)展。已經(jīng)成為機(jī)械行業(yè)中的10大行業(yè)之一，無(wú)論產(chǎn)量，還是品種上，都取得了令人矚目的成就，為我我國(guó)的包裝工業(yè)的快速發(fā)張?zhí)峁┝擞辛Φ谋Ｕ夏壳啊Ｄ壳?，我?guó)已成為世界包裝機(jī)械工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)十大國(guó)之一。新型包裝機(jī)往往是機(jī)、電、氣、一體化的設(shè)備.充分利用信息產(chǎn)品的最新成果，采用氣

3、動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)等分離傳動(dòng)技術(shù)，可使整機(jī)的傳動(dòng)鏈大大縮短，結(jié)構(gòu)大為化簡(jiǎn)，工作精度和速度大大提高。機(jī)電一體化的實(shí)質(zhì)就是從系統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，運(yùn)用過(guò)程控制原理，將機(jī)械、電子與信息、檢測(cè)等有關(guān)技術(shù)進(jìn)行有機(jī)組合，實(shí)現(xiàn)整體最佳化。</p><p>　　21世紀(jì)包裝機(jī)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　1.高生產(chǎn)率。包裝機(jī)的生產(chǎn)效率已經(jīng)從每分鐘數(shù)件發(fā)展到數(shù)10件，熱成型-充填-封口機(jī)的生產(chǎn)率可達(dá)500件每

4、分鐘以上。</p><p><b>　　2.自動(dòng)化。</b></p><p>　　3.單機(jī)多功能。在單機(jī)上實(shí)現(xiàn)多功能，可方便地?cái)U(kuò)大使用范圍，代表性的是德國(guó)BOSCH公司所屬的HESSER廠生產(chǎn)的心軸輪多工位制袋真空包裝，其制袋、稱(chēng)重、充填、抽真空、封口等多功能可在一臺(tái)單機(jī)上完成。</p><p>　　4.組成生產(chǎn)線。當(dāng)需要的功能越來(lái)越多是，將所

5、有的功能集中在一個(gè)單機(jī)上結(jié)構(gòu)非常復(fù)雜，這是可以把功能不同、效率相比配的幾種機(jī)器組合成功鉸齊全的生產(chǎn)線上。</p><p>　　外國(guó)包裝機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀：</p><p><b>　　德國(guó)：</b></p><p>　　德國(guó)的包裝機(jī)械在計(jì)量、制造、技術(shù)性能方面均屬于世界一流。該國(guó)生產(chǎn)的啤酒、飲料灌裝成套設(shè)備生產(chǎn)速率快、自動(dòng)化程度高、可靠性好。主要體現(xiàn)

6、在：工藝流程的自動(dòng)化、生產(chǎn)效率高，滿足了交貨期短和降低工藝流程成本的要求；設(shè)備具有更高的柔性和靈活性。主要體現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)的靈活性、構(gòu)造的靈活性和供貨的靈活性，以適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的需要；利用計(jì)算機(jī)和仿真技術(shù)提供成套設(shè)備，故障率低可以進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程診斷服務(wù)；對(duì)環(huán)境污染少，主要包括噪音、粉塵和廢棄物的污染。</p><p><b>　　意大利：</b></p><p>　　意大利生產(chǎn)

7、的包裝機(jī)械中，40%是食品包裝機(jī)械，如糖果包裝機(jī)、茶葉包裝機(jī)、灌裝包裝機(jī)等。產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)是外觀考究、性能優(yōu)良、價(jià)格便宜。意大利包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)就是在于可以按照用戶(hù)的要求進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)，并能保證很好地完成設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)督、組裝、調(diào)整和用戶(hù)需求分析等。</p><p>　　我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)起步于20世紀(jì)70年代，在80年代末和90年代中期得到迅速發(fā)展。已成為機(jī)械工業(yè)中的10大行業(yè)之一，無(wú)論是產(chǎn)量，還是品

8、種上，都取得了令人矚目的成就，為我國(guó)包裝工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展提供了有力的保障。目前，我國(guó)已成為世界包裝機(jī)械工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國(guó)之一。 當(dāng)前我國(guó)食品和包裝機(jī)械的一個(gè)突出問(wèn)題是新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)周期長(zhǎng)、模仿多、創(chuàng)新少，這不僅與設(shè)計(jì)人員的知識(shí)水平有關(guān)，也和相關(guān)行業(yè)的發(fā)展有關(guān)。 國(guó)際先進(jìn)的作法是運(yùn)用仿真技術(shù)，由計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)合成三維模型，將過(guò)去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的生產(chǎn)線故障數(shù)據(jù)輸入計(jì)算機(jī)，即可演示實(shí)際工況，在用戶(hù)面前根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行修改，最終完善。包裝機(jī)械作為一種產(chǎn)品

9、，它的含義不僅僅是產(chǎn)品本身的物質(zhì)意義，而是包括形式產(chǎn)品、隱形產(chǎn)品及延伸產(chǎn)品3層含義。形式產(chǎn)品是指包裝機(jī)本身的具體形態(tài)和基本功能；隱形產(chǎn)品是指包裝機(jī)給用戶(hù)提供的實(shí)際效用；延伸產(chǎn)品是指包裝機(jī)的質(zhì)量保證、使用指導(dǎo)和售后服務(wù) 等。所以包裝機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該包括：市場(chǎng)調(diào)研、原理圖設(shè)計(jì)、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、施工圖設(shè)計(jì)、使用說(shuō)明書(shū)編寫(xiě)及售后服務(wù)預(yù)案等。</p><p>　　新型包裝機(jī)械往往是機(jī)、電、氣一體化的設(shè)備。充分利用信息產(chǎn)品的最新成果

10、，采用氣動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)等分離傳動(dòng)技術(shù)， 可使整機(jī)的傳動(dòng)鏈大大縮短，結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡(jiǎn)化，工作精度和速度大大提高。其中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一是采用了多電機(jī)拖動(dòng)的同步控制技術(shù)。其實(shí) 掌握這種技術(shù)并不很難，只是一些設(shè)計(jì)人員不了解包裝機(jī)械的這一發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。如果說(shuō)以前我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)是仿制、學(xué)習(xí)階段，那么現(xiàn)在 我們應(yīng)該有創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)的意識(shí)。</p><p>　　“十五”期間，我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，近幾年進(jìn)口的設(shè)備都是國(guó)內(nèi)不能制造

11、或者制造水平相差甚遠(yuǎn)的，從進(jìn)口可以看出我們的差距所在。 食品安全問(wèn)題舉國(guó)關(guān)注?！笆晃濉逼陂g應(yīng)提高食品安全領(lǐng)域的科技和裝備水平，研制快速、準(zhǔn)確鑒定食品中危害因子的技術(shù)和裝備，進(jìn)一步研發(fā)病原微生物的抗性、病原的控制等預(yù)防技術(shù)及儲(chǔ)藏技術(shù)和裝備。 食品和包裝機(jī)械形成行業(yè)已20年，相對(duì)于食品包裝，還是一個(gè)新行業(yè)。這20年又是世界技術(shù)發(fā)展最快的時(shí)期，新技術(shù)不斷在行業(yè)上應(yīng)用，而國(guó)內(nèi)行業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)薄弱，技術(shù)及科研力量不足，其發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后，在某種程度上拖了

12、食品和包裝工業(yè)的后腿?？傮w發(fā)展雖然較快，但食品包裝機(jī)械工業(yè)發(fā)展更快。</p><p>　　“十一五”的目標(biāo)是要縮小這個(gè)空間，為食品工業(yè)趕上世界先進(jìn)水平，為使包裝大國(guó)向包裝強(qiáng)國(guó)邁進(jìn)，提供先進(jìn)的技術(shù)裝備，讓進(jìn)口設(shè)備在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上只起到拾遺補(bǔ)缺的作用。這就要求國(guó)內(nèi)食品和包裝機(jī)械的年發(fā)展速度超過(guò)18%，新產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)值率達(dá)到25%。 國(guó)際上包裝和食品機(jī)械的發(fā)展是以大客戶(hù)的要求為目標(biāo)，帶動(dòng)相關(guān)機(jī)械的發(fā)展。大客戶(hù)的要求主要體現(xiàn)在以下

13、方面： 一是對(duì)生產(chǎn)效率要求越高越好。這樣可以降低產(chǎn)品的成本，滿足交貨期。高速包裝機(jī)要求與前道工序要有相關(guān)銜接，不需搬運(yùn)環(huán)節(jié)，包括控制銜接，整個(gè)生產(chǎn)線按生產(chǎn)及包裝工序排列要做到倒序啟動(dòng)，順序停機(jī)。如冷灌裝生產(chǎn)線從塑料原料自動(dòng)上線到飲料灌裝、大包裝碼垛全部自動(dòng)在封閉車(chē)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行。 二是可適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品的更新變化。包裝機(jī)械要具有很高的柔性和靈活性，生產(chǎn)線允許在一定的尺寸范圍內(nèi)包裝物大小可以變化。因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品的生命周期遠(yuǎn)短于設(shè)備使用壽命，變更產(chǎn)品及包裝不至

14、于更換昂貴的包裝生產(chǎn)線。 三是設(shè)備常見(jiàn)故障迅速排除。解決方案預(yù)先輸入電腦，當(dāng)設(shè)備出現(xiàn)常見(jiàn)的故障時(shí)可以自行診斷，亦可實(shí)行遠(yuǎn)程診斷并排除故障。 四是要求具有自動(dòng)識(shí)別功能。一方面可以自動(dòng)識(shí)別包裝材料的厚度、硬度、反彈力等，通過(guò)電腦反饋到機(jī)械</p><p>　　現(xiàn)代包裝機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程應(yīng)該包括：市場(chǎng)調(diào)研、用戶(hù)需求分析、包裝機(jī)功能的確定、可行性論證、制定設(shè)計(jì)方案、用戶(hù)效益分析、方案 的可行性論證、原理圖設(shè)計(jì)、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、施工圖

15、設(shè)計(jì)、樣機(jī)制作(虛擬制造)、技術(shù)驗(yàn)證和施工圖修改、制定售后服務(wù)預(yù)案及遠(yuǎn)程診斷方 案、改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)、系列化設(shè)計(jì)等。 市場(chǎng)調(diào)研是一切包裝機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)工作。沒(méi)有市場(chǎng)調(diào)研，我們所做的所有設(shè)計(jì)工作都可能等于零。市場(chǎng)調(diào)研，可以根據(jù)政策導(dǎo)向、行 業(yè)供求信息、專(zhuān)家分析、行業(yè)展會(huì)、技術(shù)交流會(huì)等線索，找到用戶(hù)的需求信息，并加以整理分析后，確定包裝機(jī)應(yīng)該完成的功能。在原理方案設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，首先要充分了解相關(guān)的信息產(chǎn)品、電子產(chǎn)品的功能，了解氣動(dòng)元件的性能，

16、并用以簡(jiǎn)化機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，還可 采用多電機(jī)拖動(dòng)來(lái)縮短機(jī)械傳動(dòng)鏈。對(duì)于必不可少的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)盡量利用現(xiàn)代化設(shè)計(jì)手段，在對(duì)產(chǎn)品功能分析的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)創(chuàng)新 構(gòu)思、系統(tǒng)建模、動(dòng)力分析、動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化，從而得到最佳設(shè)計(jì)方案。技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)是將原理設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)化，確定零部件的數(shù)量、形狀、尺寸、材料等，對(duì)主要部件中關(guān)鍵零件進(jìn)行動(dòng)力計(jì)算、功率計(jì)算、強(qiáng)度計(jì)算、剛度計(jì)算。</p><p>　　總體設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，要全面考慮整個(gè)包裝機(jī)系統(tǒng)的布局、運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)

17、性、造型設(shè)計(jì)、人-機(jī)環(huán)境以及裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)?。模塊化設(shè)計(jì)是一種先進(jìn)的設(shè) 計(jì)方法，它的核心思想是將系統(tǒng)根據(jù)功能分為若干模塊，將包裝機(jī)中同一功能的單元設(shè)計(jì)成具有不同性能、可以互換的模塊，通過(guò)模塊的 不同組合，使包裝機(jī)多功能化、系列化。采用這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：(1)使包裝機(jī)更新?lián)Q代速度加快。因?yàn)樾聶C(jī)型的替代，往往是局部改 進(jìn)。將先進(jìn)技術(shù)引進(jìn)相應(yīng)的模塊，比較容易實(shí)現(xiàn)局部改進(jìn)；(2)縮短設(shè)計(jì)周期。當(dāng)用戶(hù)提出要求后，只需更換模塊，或設(shè)計(jì)制造部分模 塊，即可

18、得到新的機(jī)型，滿足用戶(hù)需求；(3)降低成本，便于維修；(4)性能穩(wěn)定可靠。因?yàn)槟K設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，對(duì)包裝機(jī)的功能劃分和模 塊設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行了精心的研究，保證了模塊的性能，如：凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)、伺服機(jī)構(gòu)、檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、計(jì)量機(jī)構(gòu)、下料機(jī)構(gòu)等。 </p><p>　　另外包裝機(jī)械系列化、模塊化的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也到了該制定的時(shí)候，包裝機(jī)械已成為我國(guó)十大機(jī)械行業(yè)之一，而系列化、模塊化的行業(yè) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定必將促進(jìn)我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)跨上

19、新的臺(tái)階。較發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家的包裝與欠發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家起著不同的作用，原因很簡(jiǎn)單，他們不明白，各自包裝的重點(diǎn)是完全不同的，有時(shí)有困難。同樣，解決發(fā)展中國(guó)家試圖向北美市場(chǎng)出售令他們無(wú)法理解圖形的商品包裝是我們的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。顯著的區(qū)別是，包裝在市場(chǎng)中起著不同的作用，產(chǎn)品價(jià)值將單獨(dú)出售，因?yàn)樗强捎玫?。在北美市?chǎng)上，消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)面臨由五個(gè)不同的公司提供各種不同范圍的選擇。如果所有的產(chǎn)品是好的，都不遜色，賣(mài)家如何讓消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)生對(duì)自己產(chǎn)品的偏好？他是如何區(qū)分的？

20、包裝在這一過(guò)程中起著很大的作用。</p><p>　　包密集型發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有時(shí)也批評(píng)了包裝，當(dāng)然不存在過(guò)度包裝。然而，北美也享有世界上最便宜的食品，要求我們的可支配收入僅約11％至14％。歐洲食品成本是可支配收入的約20％，而在欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的食品可以支配家庭收入的95％。</p><p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　Packag

21、ing machinery development</p><p>　　Packaging is necessary for products entering the circulation field,and packaging are the main means of packaging machinery.Simply put ,the packaging machine is the produc

22、tion packaging up the machine,plays a protection role of the beautiful. The packaging machine in two main areas ,the overall production pipeline packaging products periphery packaging equipment.With the development of th

23、e times,the progress of technology ,packaging machinery is playing a more and more greater role in the packagi</p><p>　　Packaging machine development trend of the 21st</p><p>　　1.Highly producti

24、vity. The productivity of the vacuum packaging machine from a few pieces per minute development to the number 10 ,thermoforming-fill-seal machine productivity up to 500/min or more.</p><p>　　2.Automation.<

25、;/p><p>　　3.Standing alone multi-function can easily expand the scope of use. Achieve stand-alone multi-function must be modular in design,transformtion and combination of function modules,for different packagi

26、ng machine. Representative products HESSER production plants in Germany BOSCH company belongs spindle round multi bag vacuum packaging machine,bag,weighing filling,vacuum sealed,and a variety of functions to be completed

27、 in a single.</p><p>　　4.Be composed of the production line.All the features concentrated in a single machine when a growing number of the functionality required marking a very complex structure,operation a

28、nd maintenance is not easy,this time function can be different,and efficiency to match the combination of several machine successfully,more complete production line.</p><p>　　The development status of foreig

29、n packaging machine:</p><p><b>　　Germany</b></p><p>　　German packaging machinery in the measurement of all belong to world-class performance in manufacturing technology,For beer fill

30、ing production of complete sets of equipment production rate high degree of automation has good reliability.They mainly manifest in:Process automation of high production efficiency, meet the short delivery time and reduc

31、e the process cost;Equipment has higher flexibility and flexibility.Mainly reflects,in the production of flexibility structure flexibility and the flexi</p><p><b>　　Italy</b></p><p>

32、　　Italy in the production of packaging machinery, 40% are food packaging machinery,Such as candy packing machine for tea packaging machine, filling packaging machine and so on.The characteristics of the product is elegan

33、t appearance good performance price cheap.Italian packaging machinery industry is the biggest advantage is can according to the requirements of customers design and production,And can ensure well completion design produc

34、tion experiment, implement supervision and assembly adjustment</p><p>　　Our country packs the mechanical profession start in the 20th century 70's, and the 90's intermediate stages obtains the rapid

35、development in the end of the 80's. Has become in the mechanical industry one of 10 big professions, regardless of is the output, in the variety, has all obtained the amazing achievement, packed the industry for our

36、country the fast development to provide the powerful safeguard. At present, our country has become the world packing mechanical industrial production and exp</p><p>　　Current our country food and a packing m

37、achinery prominent question is the new product development cycle long, imitates much, innovates few, not only this with designs personnel's state-of-art related, also concerns with the correlation profession developm

38、ent. The international advanced method utilizes the simulation technology, by the computer automatic synthesis three-dimensional model, will pass has occurred production line breakdown data feeds the computer, then will

39、demonstrate the actual o</p><p>　　The new packing machinery often is machine, the electricity, the gas integration equipment. The full use information product newest achievement, uses air operated separation

40、 transmission technologies and so on implementing agency, servo motor-driven, may cause the complete machine the transmission chain to reduce greatly, the structure is greatly the simplification, the work precision and t

41、he speed enhances greatly. One of key technologies has used the multi-electrical machinery dragging synchro</p><p>　　“十五” period, our country packs the mechanical industrial development to be rapid, in recen

42、t years imports the equipment all is domestic cannot make or the manufacture level is far from, may see our disparity from the import to be at. Food security problem whole nation attention. “十一五” period should enhance fo

43、od security domain the science and technology and the equipment level, the development fast, in accurate appraisal food harms the factor the technology and the equipment, further researches </p><p>　　the goa

44、l is must reduce this space, catches up with the world advanced level for the food industry, for causes the packing great nation to make great strides forward to the packing powerful nation, provides the advanced technic

45、al equip, lets import the equipment the role which only plays in the domestic market appropriates lost articles fills a vacancy. This request domestic food and the packing machinery year development speed surpasses 18%,

46、the new product output value rate achieves 25%. On th</p><p>　　Along with the science and technology development and the market competition aggravating, the customer demand more and more is also high. This k

47、ind of demand manifests in following several aspects: One, enhances the production efficiency, satisfies the date of delivery and reduces the production cost the need, to some products, but also requests the packing mach

48、inery and the production machinery links up; Two, is meets the product renewal change need, the packing machinery must have the high fle</p><p>　　The modern packaging machine design process should include: T

49、he market investigation and study, the user demand analysis, the packaging machine function determination, the feasible proof, the formulation design proposal, the user benefit analysis, the plan feasible proof, the sche

50、matic diagram design, the structural design, the construction drawing design, the prototypical manufacture (hypothesized manufacture), the technical confirmation and the construction drawing revise, the formulation post&

51、lt;/p><p>　　The market investigation and study is the foundation work which all packaging machines design. Without the market investigation and study, we do all design work all possibly is equal to the zero. Th

52、e market investigation and study, may according to the policy guidance, the profession supply and demand information, the expert analyze, the profession unfolds clues and so on meeting, technical meeting, found the user

53、the demand information, after and reorganizes the analysis, the definite packaging</p><p>　　When system design, must consider the entire packaging machine system comprehensively the layout, the movement coor

54、dination, the modelling design, the human - machine environment as well as the packing transportation and so on. The modular design is one advanced design method, its core thought is divides into systematically according

55、 to the function certain modules, the identical function unit designs the packaging machine in has the module which the different performance, may exchange, through </p><p>　　Other packing machinery seriatio

56、n, modular profession standard, also arrived should formulate, the packing machinery has become our country one of ten big mechanical professions, but serialized, the modular profession standard formulation will certainl

57、y to promote our country to pack on the mechanical profession cross new stair.The significant difference is that packaging plays a different role in a market where rice will sell solely because it is available. In the No