關(guān)于歐洲主要手機(jī)支付系統(tǒng)的研究外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文3215字</b></p><p>　　標(biāo)題：A study of major Mobile payment systems functionality in Europe</p><p>　　原文：Abstract- Mobile payment is an exciting domain, which will rapidly e

2、volve in the years to come. The key to Mobile payment acceptance is in the hands of customers. In this paper first some of the major European Mobile payment systems are introduced and on security, cost, convenes and func

3、tionality requirement criteria, then the results of past researches about the customer and merchant adoption of Mobile payment systems (mp) are reviewed and barriers and drivers from both customer and merchant</p>

4、<p>　　I、INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　With the flourishing of electronic commerce and widespread use of mobile devices, a new type of service is emerging that extends e-business using wireless technology by en

5、abling e-commerce services on mobile devices.Mobile payments are payments for goods, services, and bills with a mobile device (such as a mobile phone, smart-phone, or personal digital assistant (PDA) by taking advantage

6、of wireless and other communication technologies. The key to mobile payment acceptance is in the hands of cus</p><p>　　At present, there are many examples of successful mobile payment applications such as th

7、e mobile content market which has developed into a billion dollar business, PayPal. Wider adoption of mobile payments, however, has not been as rapid or widespread as expected and there is a long list of discontinued mob

8、ile payment services such as the Simpay initiative and the Paybox launched in several European countries.There is some debate about types of m-payments .Some parties see m-payments as a new pr</p><p>　　III M

9、OBILE PAYMENT SYSTEMS IN EUROPE</p><p>　　A. FINEID in Finland</p><p>　　The Finnish electronic identity (FINEID) card along with the supporting infrastructure [1] is a system maintained by the Po

10、pulation Register Centre (PRC) of Finland. The card is a usual microprocessor smart card accepted as a valid ID in all EU countries and several others. The card contains two Citizen Certificates: the authentication certi

11、ficate of the card holder and the signature certificate of the card holder. Private keys of both certificates are generated by the card and stored exclusivel</p><p>　　Security: The Finnish National PKI infra

12、structure, which is used in FINLAND mobile payment system for authenticating users and for ensuring the non-repudiation of payments. Signatures produced by the FINEID card are legally equivalent to the card holder's

13、handwritten signature .Additionally the card contains the PRC'S own Certification Authority (CA) certificate. Cost: A mobile subscription customer can request a FINEID compatible PKI-SIM card from their mobile networ

14、k operator and register it a</p><p>　　Convenience: The current implementation of FINEID on SIM cards is based on a platform developed by Smart Trust the advantages of the Smart Trust platform include its com

15、patibility with almost any GSM mobile phone, and the availability of all infrastructure needed. Each registered individual gets a unique Finnish Electronic User ID (FINUID). The public keys of each user can be downloade

16、d via a search with the appropriate criteria. Moreover, a revocation list of invalid certificates is available </p><p>　　Functionality Requirements: FINEID certificates are only available to Finnish citizens

17、 and those permanently living In Finland. At the moment, a legal entity such as a Merchant or a bank cannot obtain a FINEID certificate.</p><p>　　B. DINA Card in Serbia</p><p>　　The National cre

18、dit card, Dina Card, is being issued by almost all banks in Serbia. That gave a possibility for connecting existing mobile payment system to one point National center for payment cards (further NCPC), instead of connecti

19、ng it to each bank separately, which is on the other side connected to all the banks that are issuers of Dina Card. This will give opportunity to many users who didn't have a chance to use SMS top up, because their b

20、anks didn't have an agreement with mobile operat</p><p>　　Security: All the files that are exchanged between NCPC and core of the system are encrypted by file secure program and smartcard reader. Encrypt

21、ion and decryption is done by authorized personnel. Personal data about registered users are firstly checked by the bank and NCPC and then imported automatically into the core database, in order to minimize the possibili

22、ty of error during manual import. When new user is imported for the first time m PIN is generated and sent to his registered mobile pho</p><p>　　Cost: Mobile payment services can be enabled to all Subscriber

23、s of mobile network operator who are owners of Dina Card Registration process starts in the bank that issued Dina Card. Convenience: Interface to applications is unified for all types of services. It is based on http and

24、 has several methods that can be used in order to realize payment, Single m PIN is used for all defined services and accounts. Mobile payment services are enabled to the user from the moment m PIN is received. </p>

25、<p>　　C．Mobile Payment systems in Germany</p><p>　　a. Pay Box</p><p>　　The most well-known MP procedure in Germany is Pay box. The operator of the procedure was a technology driven paymen

26、t startup which falls in the category of specialized intermediaries. Having started in May 2000 the service was the first mover in its field. Pay box acted not only as a payment intermediary but also actively acquired me

27、rchants and offered them the technical solution to integrate Pay box in their systems. Within 3 years pay box 500000 enrolled more than customers and 6,500merchants</p><p>　　Security: The confidential treatm

28、ent of data was vouched for by Pay box .For the confirmation of payments a number of options were supported depending on the kind of transaction and on the payment scenario, including SMS and e-mail. </p><p>

29、;　　Cost: The annual basic fee was 10 €, transaction fees did not exist. As it can be assumed that an important part of customers enrolled with a 50-100% discount on the basic fee, the high number of customers does not al

30、low any Inference on the acceptance of high basic fees. Pay box could be used with any mobile phone. Thus preliminary costs were low and facilitated customers' participation.</p><p>　　Convenience: The pr

31、ocedure was easy to use and understand as the customer only had to know his MSISDN and could rely on the IVR system to guide him through the transaction or authorization process. Customer experience in the handling of vo

32、ice-based transactions afforded Paybox the reputation of an easy-to-use and subjectively sate system. Fast processing of transactions was possible, costs were low and facilitated customers' participation[6] .</p&g

33、t;<p>　　Functionality Requirements: Bank transfers through Pay box were possible. Pico payments were technically possible yet not efficient since costs for the used debit procedure and the system's call-back f

34、unction tended to outweigh transaction amount.</p><p><b>　　b. I-mode</b></p><p>　　The inherent payment procedure of i-mode is an MP procedure that can only be used within the i-mode

35、Mcplatform. The MP procedure is limited to the MC scenario, e.g. to pay for news or the purchase of tickets.</p><p>　　Security：Responsibility for both the confidential treatment of data during payment proced

36、ures and the safe handling of customers' data lies with E-Plus. Customers have confidence in the well-known MNO Eplus. Thus, its reputation enhances a feeling of security in customers and the criterion of subjective

37、security is satisfied Confirmation of payment is handled via a special confirmation page displayed on the mobile device. </p><p>　　Cost: The payment does not generate additional transaction fees for customer

38、s. I-mode itself can only be used if an E-Plus customer both subscribes to i-mode (monthly basic fee, minimum 5€) and purchases a special i-mode mobile phone. Subscribers from competing MNO are excluded from the service.

39、</p><p>　　Convenience: The i-mode MP procedure is easy to use and understand. Payment-related data as a rule do not have to be entered. Thus, the extent of customer experience necessary to handle the system

40、tends to be very low. </p><p>　　Functionality Requirements. The requirement of a capacity for the execution of a bank transfer is only partially met. Pico payments can be easily performed since these can be

41、 aggregated.</p><p>　　c. Vodafone m-pay</p><p>　　The latest MP procedure of the three is Vodafone m pay Which is Devised for the MC scenario but also usable in EC, it can up to now handle paymen

42、ts up to a maximum of 10€(although this is a deliberate restriction in order to gain experience with the procedure). </p><p>　　Costs:The use of m-pay does not entail extra costs for customers. There are neit

43、her basic nor transactions fees. This includes even the SMS being sent by the payment server within the EC scenario. Purchase of a special device other than a WAP-enabled phone is not required. </p><p>　　Sec

44、urity: Security requirements like the confidential treatment of data are met. No payment-related data are transmitted from customers to content providers or merchants during the transaction, since these data have been st

45、ored by the payment server and used only internally. </p><p>　　Convenience: M-pay is basically easy to use and understand. Duration of payment procedures is similar to that of i-mode within the MC scenario a

46、nd thus comparatively low. In the EC scenario the procedures take slightly more time since the forwarding and entering of a TAN is required. As far as merchant participation is concerned, m-pay is.- up to now -at a great

47、 disadvantage. </p><p>　　Functionahty Requrrements: As with i-mode the regular MNO billing system is used to process payments. The rquirement of a direct bank transfer is met only partially. Pico payments po

48、se no problem since the procedure has been specially designed to enable those[8] </p><p>　　d. Rating of current Germany MP procedures</p><p>　　Pousttchi and zenker evaluate mp systems In German

49、y by a questionnaire based research and base on customer perspective. Base on Pousttchi and zenker research [6] None of he mp procedures in Germany reaches the top score since various shortcomings detracted from the pro

50、cedures' effectiveness. It is apparent, however, that each carries a burden that might deter customers from usage: Paybox' lack of payment in the MC scenario, i- mode's inability to cover scenarios others tha

51、n MC and the insuffici</p><p>　　出處：Shahriyar Mohammadi. A study of major Mobile payment systems' functionality In Europe .Proceedings of l1th International Conference on Computer and Information Technolo

52、gy (CCIT 2008)25-27 December, 2008, Khulna, Bangladesh.</p><p>　　標(biāo)題：關(guān)于歐洲主要手機(jī)支付系統(tǒng)的研究</p><p>　　譯文：伴隨著電子商務(wù)的蓬勃，移動(dòng)設(shè)備的廣泛使用，一種代表電子商務(wù)發(fā)展方向利用移動(dòng)設(shè)備通過無線技術(shù)提供服務(wù)新型服務(wù)出現(xiàn)了。移動(dòng)支付就是指通過移動(dòng)支付設(shè)備（如：手機(jī)，小靈通、PDA）利用先進(jìn)的無線和通信技術(shù)

53、進(jìn)行商品、服務(wù)、賬單的支付。移動(dòng)支付的被人們所接受的關(guān)鍵在于消費(fèi)者對(duì)其態(tài)度。廣泛傳播認(rèn)可和增加用戶數(shù)量是手機(jī)支付發(fā)展的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。這種發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是一種雞與蛋的關(guān)系：一方面，用戶不會(huì)使用手機(jī)支付這一業(yè)務(wù)，除非有足夠多的營運(yùn)商認(rèn)可并提供這項(xiàng)服務(wù)；另一方面，營運(yùn)商只有在有足夠多的用戶前提下，才會(huì)提供這項(xiàng)服務(wù)。</p><p>　　目前，已有很多手機(jī)支付成功應(yīng)用案例，如paypal將市場(chǎng)需求與手機(jī)支付完美結(jié)合，已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了年

54、營業(yè)額高達(dá)一個(gè)億美元的企業(yè)。然而，手機(jī)支付的用戶增長(zhǎng)并沒有人們預(yù)期的那么快，有諸如SIM充值卡與支付支付程序在歐洲好幾個(gè)國家都還沒實(shí)現(xiàn)同步。同時(shí)存在好幾種支付模式。有些機(jī)構(gòu)將手機(jī)支付看做是一個(gè)新產(chǎn)品，然而有些人則認(rèn)為它應(yīng)該是一種新的服務(wù)。歐洲中央銀行將移動(dòng)支付稱作為m-payments，定義為一種通過手機(jī)支付的新的支付方式。交易所涉及到的資金將其定義為電子貨幣（e-Money），是一種不需要貨幣發(fā)行機(jī)構(gòu)，而卻能但當(dāng)支付任務(wù)，通過技術(shù)設(shè)備

55、，存儲(chǔ)電子財(cái)務(wù)，可以進(jìn)行廣泛支付的電子貨幣。</p><p>　　A、芬蘭的FINEID</p><p>　　FINEID是由芬蘭國家人口登記管理信息中心發(fā)行，并有相關(guān)配套設(shè)施的一種電子信息卡。這種卡片是一種內(nèi)含普通的微處理器的智能卡。這種卡已在歐盟內(nèi)部及其它好幾個(gè)非歐盟國家得到了廣泛的認(rèn)可。這種卡包含兩種公民證書：一種認(rèn)證證書，另一種是簽名持卡人的證明。兩種證書的密鑰都集成在這張卡上，并

56、采取了密碼記憶保護(hù)措施。</p><p>　　安全：芬蘭的手機(jī)支付系統(tǒng)采用了一種叫KPI 國家安全基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施來識(shí)別用戶和確認(rèn)支付。簽名卡FINEID產(chǎn)生的簽名在法律上等同于持卡人手寫簽名。并且這種卡里還內(nèi)嵌了芬蘭國家人口登記管理信息中心（PRC）的CA證書。</p><p>　　成本：移動(dòng)用戶客戶可以在移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營商那里申請(qǐng)一張兼容PKI-SIM的FINEID卡，并且要在警察局進(jìn)行登記。認(rèn)證

57、不可能沒有移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營商參與，所以營運(yùn)商承擔(dān)了認(rèn)證的服務(wù)和客戶所花費(fèi)的所有費(fèi)用。</p><p>　　便捷性：目前的集成在SIM卡上的FINEID 卡，是一種基于先進(jìn)的智能開發(fā)平臺(tái)開發(fā)，幾乎能與所有的GSM手機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)兼容，并且所有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施都能實(shí)現(xiàn)通用，共享。每一個(gè)注冊(cè)用戶都有一個(gè)唯一的ID(FINUID). 各用戶可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索下載相匹配的型號(hào)的公開密鑰。另外，可以在目錄列表里撤銷無效FINEID證書。</

58、p><p>　　功能:FINEID證書只提供給芬蘭公民和那些永久居住在芬蘭的外國公民。目前，根據(jù)芬蘭法律規(guī)定公司或銀行還不能取得FINEID證書。</p><p>　　B、塞爾維亞的Dina Card</p><p>　　幾乎所有的銀行都在發(fā)行Dina Card這種國家信用卡。這也就取代了手機(jī)支付用戶支付時(shí)要將信用卡分別連接到所有的另一邊Dina Card發(fā)行的銀行，各

59、銀行單獨(dú)結(jié)算。取而代之的是支付時(shí)直接連接到國家信用卡中心，統(tǒng)一結(jié)算。這也方便，那些開戶銀行還沒同運(yùn)營商達(dá)成協(xié)議，不能使用手機(jī)短信的用戶使用這一業(yè)務(wù)。該系統(tǒng)主要覆蓋采用EC、MC以及POS支付的情況。</p><p>　　安全:所有的文件在與國家信用卡中心及核心數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行交換時(shí)，都會(huì)被安全程序進(jìn)行加密處理。加密和解密都是由授權(quán)的人員進(jìn)行操作。為了將差錯(cuò)最小化，個(gè)人登記的數(shù)據(jù)必須要經(jīng)過銀行和核心數(shù)據(jù)庫的檢驗(yàn)。當(dāng)新的用

60、戶第一次使用的時(shí)候，一個(gè)M PIN碼將會(huì)自動(dòng)生成，將會(huì)通過手機(jī)短信的形式發(fā)送到用戶所注冊(cè)的手機(jī)里。在數(shù)據(jù)庫里，M PIN 碼是用加密的方式來儲(chǔ)存的，是不可能被看到的。</p><p>　　費(fèi)用:手機(jī)支付服務(wù)費(fèi)用可以由那些已在能發(fā)行國家性用卡銀行登記的移動(dòng)運(yùn)營商的客戶承擔(dān)。</p><p>　　方便: 對(duì)所有類型的服務(wù)，應(yīng)用界面都是統(tǒng)一的。它是基于http和其它幾個(gè)方法能夠了實(shí)現(xiàn)付款。唯一的

61、M PIN碼用以區(qū)分不同服務(wù)和不同帳戶。手機(jī)支付的過程中必須要收到用戶的PIN碼。</p><p><b>　　C、德國</b></p><p><b>　　a、Pay box</b></p><p>　　Pay box是德國最知名的手機(jī)支付程序供應(yīng)商。它一個(gè)旨在驅(qū)動(dòng)手機(jī)支付技術(shù)發(fā)展的專業(yè)第三方支付平臺(tái)提供商。早在2000

62、年5月，它就在德國第一個(gè)向顧客提供手機(jī)支付業(yè)務(wù)。PAYBOX不僅僅只是一個(gè)第三方支付中介，而且積極為滿足企業(yè)需求和給他們提供支付技術(shù)解決方案。在3年有超過50萬個(gè)顧客和6,500家企業(yè)采用了PAYBOX進(jìn)行支付。這套系統(tǒng)采用的是語音互動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。特定的支付方式，限制了人們?cè)贛C情況下使用PAYBOX。例如，因?yàn)閃AP模式下客戶不能連接到認(rèn)證中心，所以客戶不能通過WAP模式進(jìn)行手機(jī)支付。這種模式主要針對(duì)在歐盟內(nèi)部固定不動(dòng)的客戶。</p&

63、gt;<p>　　安全：PAYBOX的所有交易數(shù)據(jù)都進(jìn)行了加密處理，確認(rèn)交易的方式多樣化，主要包括手機(jī)短訊和電子郵件。</p><p>　　費(fèi)用:每年收取10歐元的基本費(fèi)用，無需支付交易費(fèi)用。它還根據(jù)客戶交易金額的多少，給客戶50%-100%基本費(fèi)折扣。PAYBOX可以被任何手機(jī)使用。因此PAYBOX通過低進(jìn)入成本策略，吸引客戶，提高使用客戶數(shù)量。</p><p>　　方便：

64、這個(gè)程序操作起來也十分方便，只要用戶知道他的MSISDN，在互動(dòng)式語音的引導(dǎo)下，就能很方便的完成支付?？蛻艨梢酝ㄟ^語音實(shí)現(xiàn)Pay box上的交易，能夠快速傳遞交易信息，成本較低，能夠吸引用戶使用。</p><p>　　功能要求：銀行必須通過PAYBOX交換交易數(shù)據(jù)。由于還貸交易系統(tǒng)處理緩慢，Pico這種方式效率低下。</p><p><b>　　b、i-mode</b>

65、;</p><p>　　i-mode是一種只能在Mcplatform.平臺(tái)上使用的手機(jī)支付模式。支付被限定在一定的范圍內(nèi)，如：購買新聞資訊，門票。</p><p>　　安全:交易過程中數(shù)據(jù)的交換及交易完成后數(shù)據(jù)的儲(chǔ)存的安全主要依賴于E-Plus.用戶對(duì)這種著名的MNO提供的安全保護(hù)十分有信心。因此，由于用戶基于這種良好聲譽(yù)而有的安全感，可以促成用比較特別的方式確認(rèn)交易，而不需要設(shè)備顯示。&

66、lt;/p><p>　　成本：在交易過程中并不產(chǎn)生額外的費(fèi)用。由于必須是E-Plus 的用戶才能使用I-mode，所以要想用I-mode進(jìn)行手機(jī)支付，就必須購買一個(gè)特別的I-mode手機(jī)。MNO競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的用戶是不能使用這項(xiàng)支付服務(wù)的。</p><p>　　便捷性：i-mode 這種手機(jī)支付程序很容易理解和使用。支付的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)作為一個(gè)整體，通常不需要進(jìn)入。因此，顧客感覺這個(gè)系統(tǒng)發(fā)展比較穩(wěn)定。&l

67、t;/p><p>　　功能的要求：要求銀行轉(zhuǎn)帳的執(zhí)行能力的只是得到一部分的滿足。一些小額款項(xiàng)很容易得到。</p><p><b>　　c、m-pay</b></p><p>　　在以上三中手機(jī)支付模式中最新是達(dá)沃豐的m-pay。m-pay主要面向MC客戶但同時(shí)在歐盟內(nèi)部也能使用，目前為止它能處理的最大支付額為10歐元。（是一種故意限制支付額，為手機(jī)

68、支付進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)的探索。）</p><p>　　成本：顧客使用m-pay并不需要額外的成本。它既沒有基本費(fèi)用也沒有交易支付費(fèi)用。包括在歐盟范圍內(nèi)手機(jī)支付營運(yùn)商發(fā)給用戶的短信也是免費(fèi)的。這種支付方式要求購買一種特殊的裝置，不能支持WAP的手機(jī)是不能應(yīng)用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的。</p><p>　　安全：有安全要求的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)在事先進(jìn)行加密。因?yàn)榻灰讛?shù)據(jù)只能在支付服務(wù)器內(nèi)儲(chǔ)存，所以數(shù)據(jù)在消費(fèi)者和營運(yùn)商

69、以及服務(wù)提供者之間傳遞過程中不會(huì)流失。</p><p>　　便捷：M-pay非常容易被理解和使用，付款程序及相關(guān)限制類似于那i-mode在MC的場(chǎng)景，因此使用的門檻比較低，在歐盟內(nèi)部傳播的速度要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其他地區(qū)。</p><p>　　功能要求：MNO的i-mode實(shí)現(xiàn)固定計(jì)費(fèi)付款。直接要求銀行支付只占其中很少一部分。由于其特殊設(shè)計(jì)，小額付款完全沒有有問題。</p><p

70、>　　d、德國目前的手機(jī)支付方式評(píng)級(jí)</p><p>　　Pousttchi和zenker從消費(fèi)者的角度，通過問卷調(diào)查的方式對(duì)德國的手機(jī)支付模式進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究。根據(jù)　Pousttchi和zenker的研究，由于支付模式都存在這樣或那樣的不足，在德國沒有一家的支付模式獲得絕對(duì)高的分。很明顯，每一種支付模式都還存在著各種者不足之處，不能讓消費(fèi)者完全接受手機(jī)支付的：Paybox的不足之處是在歐盟以外不能使用；i-

71、 mode的缺陷在于MC以外它很難與其它模式進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。用戶過少，營運(yùn)商少則是M-pay存在的不足。 因?yàn)槲覀儫o法到芬蘭和芬蘭進(jìn)行調(diào)查問卷，所以不能找到根據(jù)用戶的實(shí)際評(píng)級(jí)。但是基于圖書館資料的研究我們找到了一種或許在將來我們能看到的理想的模型。</p><p>　　手機(jī)支付是一個(gè)在未來幾年將會(huì)得到高速的發(fā)展，值得期待的新興領(lǐng)域。手機(jī)支付能得到發(fā)展，取決于消費(fèi)者的認(rèn)可。文章首先介紹了歐洲主要的手機(jī)支付模式，并從安全、

72、成本、便捷性、采用必要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面對(duì)它們進(jìn)行評(píng)估。接下來是對(duì)那些接受手機(jī)支付的消費(fèi)者和營運(yùn)商研究的總結(jié)，并比較了消費(fèi)者和營運(yùn)商對(duì)手機(jī)支付發(fā)展障礙及驅(qū)動(dòng)力不同觀點(diǎn)。文章主要試圖從消費(fèi)者和營運(yùn)商兩個(gè)不同的方面，找到一種在短期內(nèi)，能克服手機(jī)支付發(fā)展障礙，促成其廣泛傳播，為消費(fèi)者所接的手機(jī)支付發(fā)展模式。</p><p>　　出處：Shahriyar Mohammadi. 關(guān)于歐洲主要手機(jī)支付系統(tǒng)的研究.第11屆計(jì)算機(jī)與信息技