外文翻譯--- 中小型循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行技術(shù)

1、<p><b>　　文獻(xiàn)閱讀及譯文</b></p><p>　　Small circulating fluidized bed boiler technology ignition run</p><p>　　Abstract：To introduce an economic, strong and the vessels of the boiler, th

2、e technology the process of law and experience.</p><p>　　Keywords ：The boiler the technology cycle vessels</p><p>　　1 foreword</p><p>　　The vessels one cycle of a boiler is a burn

3、ing efficient, adaptable, to change to heat loading, the scope of such emissions, but in the process of implementation of the case of nitrogen, environmental requirements to take off the fire the boiler. at present, in t

4、he small and medium-sized heating or production of the boiler（ten tons of～seventy five ton）the widespread adoption of the stove, Parts new, or the reform of the circulation of vessels, quite a number of personnel for ope

5、ration of vessels</p><p>　　2 the operation of the technical</p><p>　　2.1 the preparation of various</p><p>　　For new, or overhauling of the cycle of vessels, when the boiler press

6、ure test of boilers and the furnace to boil over and the inmates are allowed to pass and have the run. in the running up before the preparations have been covered against ：coal, coal, the electrical and control system th

7、at the boilers in the water, the army and the valve is opened, the cycle pump has to run the normal, all the preparatory work is complete with the operating conditions.</p><p>　　Ready enough some matches, th

8、ere are mainly：the（with wood is best pear trees and the hard wood and assorted wood）200kg, wood is in 30～50mm length between the two～300mm, there is no iron and wood ;the things in bulk 85～100kg in diameter, 20～40mm.<

9、/p><p>　　The boiler the fluidized bed with the base chosen not to boil water or damp（better is the circulation of the vessels of boilers）, granularity for5～10mm between the number for use by subtracting 5and 10

10、by 10mm to the base of the sieve, the removal of the screen of a large and small particles of path.</p><p>　　2.2 the vessels before the light of the cold was enough to test ：</p><p>　　The vesse

11、ls before the light of the cold was enough to test for the purpose of the vessels for the offer for the reference of the parameters and guidelines. the cold was enough to run the main content to for coal and speed betwee

12、n the different thickness；direction of the base, drums, of the frequency, the wind with a bellows air pressure vessels the relationship between the curve. the relationship with a drawn out to help the operation.</p>

13、;<p>　　Simulated tests, the vessels to 350～450mm of the base blowers, on the bed into the base flow into the boiling state, with a rake in the bed and tugging, not hamper, a floating feel that the base has run int

14、o. the blowers, observations on the bed surface of the base for, if the surface smooth the flow of a rough surface of the base, if the cap that there may be blocked, Should deal with the simulated tests. the experiment i

15、n observing once or twice returned, proper regulation of the back of the w</p><p>　　2.3 ignition run</p><p>　　In the cold was enough to test on the basis of data, select the right thickness （35

16、0mm～450mm）the base of the way, the base on a hundred～200kg of wood and wood on fire, and therefore should be placed in a small number of diesel scavenging wood, and closed the door at the end of the vessels of temperatur

17、e, central the temperature every 20～30min man went through a wood and wood to burn a piece of diameter of about 30mm .Observe the expected temperature vessels up to 400～500℃ and temperature 250～350</p><p>　　

18、Starts, you will first, a fan of the mock trials open to that the meeting, open and opened a fan. fan , the frequency of , gradually increase the quantity, and take over 200pa～250pa, the base flow, the temperature is gra

19、dually rising and when the base of the temperature rises to about 800℃, for coal, for a small side for the amount of coal increased the wind, and maintain a negative and To the base temperatures rise to about 950℃, then

20、adjust of frequencies and frequency of the blowers of the pr</p><p>　　The process, to maintain of negative, the door to prevent the fire. in addition, in order to find coal fire in the base for local shiny o

21、r the temperature increases, the base of a settlement, which should be reduced to increase the amount of coal, the wind seared;if found in the bright light ball up and the amount is too big, should reduce the amount.<

22、/p><p>　　The start process should have the detailed records, and observation of boilers and the expansion of the display of data, the successful gradually adjust the conditions needed to achieve.</p><

23、;p>　　2.4 can learn from experience</p><p>　　a ． blowers, once or twice the blower use control ；</p><p>　　b ． before the fire the boiler for the operation boxes, will facilitate the ；</p>

24、;<p>　　c ． the process of maintaining large negative, an increase in the personal safety ；</p><p>　　d ． twice returned to the material in the process is not involved, the successful investment gradual

25、ly.</p><p>　　3 conclusions</p><p>　　The vessels and the use of the wood and the way to reduce the average cost （each time no more than 1500 rmb）and the risk factor, it is easy to grasp the metho

26、d and operation, and ignition timing is a relatively short , especially for four hours to focus on the heating or production of the vessels of small and medium cycle of operation. the boiler.</p><p>　　中小型循環(huán)流

27、化床鍋爐的點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行技術(shù)</p><p>　　摘 要：介紹一種經(jīng)濟(jì)的、可操作性強(qiáng)的中小型循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的點(diǎn)火技術(shù)----木柴木炭點(diǎn)火法的過程和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵字：循環(huán)流化床 鍋爐 點(diǎn)火技術(shù)</p><p><b>　　1 前言</b></p><p>　　循環(huán)流化床鍋爐是一種燃燒效率高、煤種適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、對(duì)熱

28、負(fù)荷變化適應(yīng)范圍大、污染物排放量較少，且易于在鍋爐燃燒過程中實(shí)現(xiàn)脫硫脫氮而達(dá)到環(huán)保要求的鍋爐爐型。目前，在中小型供熱或生產(chǎn)用汽鍋爐（10噸～75噸）中廣泛采用此爐型，各地新上或改造了不少循環(huán)流化床鍋爐，相當(dāng)一部分操作運(yùn)行人員對(duì)于循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行技術(shù)比較陌生，現(xiàn)就一種經(jīng)濟(jì)性好、可操作性強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)于中小型循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行技術(shù) 木柴木炭法，結(jié)合太原鍋爐廠的DHF29－1.6/150/90－P型循環(huán)流化床熱水鍋爐的點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行技術(shù)進(jìn)行

29、闡述。</p><p>　　2 木柴木炭點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行技術(shù)</p><p>　　2.1 點(diǎn)火前的各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作</p><p>　　對(duì)于新裝、改造或大修后的循環(huán)流化床鍋爐，鍋爐的水壓試驗(yàn)、烘爐、煮爐等均已經(jīng)監(jiān)檢合格且準(zhǔn)許運(yùn)行。在點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行前應(yīng)做好以下準(zhǔn)備工作：煤斗已經(jīng)上滿煤，電氣儀表控制系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備妥當(dāng)，鍋爐上滿水，鍋爐進(jìn)出水口閥門開啟正確，循環(huán)泵已經(jīng)開啟運(yùn)行正常等，各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作

30、全部完成具備點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行條件。</p><p>　　準(zhǔn)備好足夠的點(diǎn)火柴料，主要有：點(diǎn)火用木柴（最好是梨木、棗木等硬雜木）200Kg，木柴直徑在30～50mm之間，長(zhǎng)度在250～300mm之間，木柴上無鐵釘?shù)入s物；點(diǎn)火用塊狀木炭85～100Kg，木炭塊的直徑為20～40mm。</p><p>　　循環(huán)流化床鍋爐點(diǎn)火用底料選用沒有過水或受潮的沸騰爐渣（最好是循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的爐渣），粒度為5～10m

31、m之間，使用篩孔為5×5mm和10×10mm的篩子將底料過篩，去除粒徑過大和粒徑過小的顆粒。</p><p>　　2.2 循環(huán)流化床鍋爐點(diǎn)火前的冷態(tài)模擬試驗(yàn)：</p><p>　　循環(huán)流化床鍋爐點(diǎn)火前的冷態(tài)模擬試驗(yàn)的目的是為循環(huán)流化床鍋爐點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行提供可供參考的運(yùn)行參數(shù)，指導(dǎo)點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行。冷態(tài)模擬試驗(yàn)的主要內(nèi)容有：給煤機(jī)的給煤量與轉(zhuǎn)速之間的標(biāo)定；不同厚度的底料下，鼓、引風(fēng)機(jī)的

32、變頻器頻率、風(fēng)門開度與流化床風(fēng)箱風(fēng)壓之間的關(guān)系。以上關(guān)系用曲線繪制出來指導(dǎo)點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行。</p><p>　　模擬試驗(yàn)時(shí)，在流化床鋪設(shè)350～450mm厚的底料，開啟引風(fēng)機(jī)、鼓風(fēng)機(jī)，觀察爐床內(nèi)底料逐漸流化到沸騰狀態(tài)，用火耙在爐床上來回拉動(dòng)，感覺無阻滯、略帶漂浮的感覺，說明底料已經(jīng)完全流化。停止鼓風(fēng)機(jī)、引風(fēng)機(jī)后觀察爐床底料表面，若底料表面平整則說明流化狀態(tài)良好，若底料表面凸凹不平則說明風(fēng)帽可能有堵塞的現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)處理后再進(jìn)

33、行模擬試驗(yàn)。在模擬試驗(yàn)過程中同時(shí)觀察一次、二次返料的效果，適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)二次返料的風(fēng)量以滿足要求。模擬試驗(yàn)過程中應(yīng)詳細(xì)記錄各類參數(shù)。</p><p><b>　　2.3 點(diǎn)火運(yùn)行</b></p><p>　　在冷態(tài)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇厚度合適（一般為350mm～450mm）的底料鋪平，底料上鋪100～200Kg的木柴，木柴應(yīng)架空以利著火，然后用少量柴油引燃木柴，關(guān)閉爐

34、門觀察流化床底料的溫度、爐膛中部溫度，每隔20～30min人為翻動(dòng)一次木柴，使木柴充分燃燒成為粒徑30mm左右的木炭塊。觀察流化床底料溫度達(dá)到400～500℃，且爐膛溫度250～350℃（一般時(shí)間為2～3小時(shí)），這時(shí)再向流化床底料上撒60～80Kg的木炭并翻動(dòng)著火的木炭使之充分燃燒，木炭燃燒持續(xù)加熱底料，流化床底料溫度達(dá)到600℃以上（此時(shí)著火的木炭呈現(xiàn)炙紅），若此溫度能夠保持5～10分鐘，說明底料已經(jīng)充分地加熱，具備點(diǎn)火起動(dòng)條件。&l

35、t;/p><p>　　啟動(dòng)時(shí)，先將引風(fēng)機(jī)、一次鼓風(fēng)機(jī)的風(fēng)門開啟到模擬試驗(yàn)所確定的開度，開啟引風(fēng)機(jī)，再開啟一次鼓風(fēng)機(jī)，調(diào)節(jié)引風(fēng)機(jī)、鼓風(fēng)機(jī)的的變頻器的頻率，逐漸增加風(fēng)量，維持爐膛負(fù)壓在－200～－250Pa，使底料逐漸流化，溫度逐漸上升，當(dāng)?shù)琢系臏囟壬仙?00℃左右，開啟給煤機(jī)少量給煤，邊給煤邊增加風(fēng)量，維持爐膛負(fù)壓，使底料溫度逐漸上升到950℃左右，這時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)引風(fēng)機(jī)的頻率和鼓風(fēng)機(jī)的頻率使?fàn)t膛的負(fù)壓維持在－150～－20

36、0Pa左右，當(dāng)?shù)琢蠝囟染S持較穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)時(shí)，點(diǎn)火成功，點(diǎn)火啟動(dòng)過程一般需要3～5min。點(diǎn)火成功后再次調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)量和給煤量，維持爐膛溫度使?fàn)t膛負(fù)壓保持在－100Pa左右。</p><p>　　點(diǎn)火過程中，注意維持爐膛的負(fù)壓，防止?fàn)t門噴火傷人。另外，在點(diǎn)火給煤過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)底料局部發(fā)亮或底料溫度急劇升高，說明底料有結(jié)焦的趨勢(shì)，則應(yīng)該減少給煤量，增加風(fēng)量防止結(jié)焦；若發(fā)現(xiàn)爐膛內(nèi)有明亮的火團(tuán)急速上升，說明給風(fēng)量太大，應(yīng)及時(shí)減少風(fēng)量

37、。</p><p>　　點(diǎn)火啟動(dòng)過程應(yīng)有詳細(xì)的記錄，并觀測(cè)鍋爐的膨脹情況和各類儀表的顯示數(shù)據(jù)，點(diǎn)火成功后逐漸調(diào)節(jié)鍋爐工況達(dá)到所需的要求。</p><p>　　2.4 可借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)</p><p>　　a．引風(fēng)機(jī)、一次鼓風(fēng)機(jī)、二次鼓風(fēng)機(jī)采用變頻器控制；</p><p>　　b．鍋爐爐前設(shè)置爐前操作箱，可方便點(diǎn)火；</p><

38、p>　　c．點(diǎn)火過程中維持較大的爐膛負(fù)壓，增加點(diǎn)火人身安全系數(shù)；</p><p>　　d．二次返料在點(diǎn)火過程中可不投入，點(diǎn)火成功后逐漸投入。</p><p><b>　　3 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　中小型循環(huán)流化床鍋爐點(diǎn)火選用木柴加木炭的點(diǎn)火方法，可降低點(diǎn)火造價(jià)（一般每次不超過1500元人民幣）和點(diǎn)火危險(xiǎn)系數(shù)，這種點(diǎn)火方法易于掌