網(wǎng)絡考試系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文資料：</b></p><p>　　Regard along with the network technology daily popularization and the information construction, now the school generally all compounded the test safe monitoring e

2、quipment, and has built the management information system in this foundation, to information construction positive impetus function. But has the software construction in the practical work to fall behind the phenomenon w

3、hich constructs to the hardware, for example, the education administration level also pauses to examinee's inspection </p><p>　　Test non- paper, network, not only can effectively reduce the correlation p

4、ersonnel's work load, the better use computer and the network superiority, enhances the working efficiency, also can fairly cause the test, to be fair. Based on this kind of demand, we developed set of performance st

5、ably for the test design, safe have been reliable the network which, the ease of operation was allowed to satisfy massively simultaneously uses to take a test the system. Causes the test the security, fairn</p>

6、<p>　　The network test system should be able to satisfy the massive examinees in any place, any time all can participate in the test, and automatic judgment result. Through to the test service demand multianalysis,

7、 the main function which this system should provide as follows: </p><p>　　1) The examinee may on-line carry on the test, after the test had finished by computer automatic judgment score, and the recording re

8、sult, the examinee also may examine the standard answer. If the test time, the system automatic prompt completes an assignment and stops doing answers. </p><p>　　2) The teacher may on-line establish the revi

9、sion question bank, revises the examinee individual material, and monitors the examination place situation and so on. </p><p>　　3) the manager may on-line establish reference material and so on the examinee

10、, teacher, the verification question bank, arranges the examinee to take a test, revises the examinee and the examination place condition, inquires the examinee to take a test the result, monitors the examination place s

11、ituation as well as the establishment test project with tests the test question number and so on. </p><p>　　Moreover for the guarantee test fair, is fair, the examination paper test question stochastically e

12、xtracts by the computer from the question bank. For strictly will cease the test to cheat the behavior, the system later is best also should provide the function which the fingerprint confirmation will register. </p&g

13、t;<p>　　Its main flow is: After the user basis is authorized registers, the system basis user jurisdiction difference, establishes the corresponding operation. After the train attendant registers may carry on the

14、test, operation and so on examination result and standard answer; After the teacher registers may carry on revises operation and so on examinee's individual material, revision question bank, revision user password as

15、 well as monitoring test situation; After the manager registers besides has tea</p><p>　　Also may establish following several items: </p><p>　　Test workstation: Carries on the test to the examin

16、ee the customer end procedure. Mainly provided has carried on according to the system disposition stochastically sets the topic of a composition, the confirmation registers, test function and so on time prompt, automatic

17、 judgment result, examination test result as well as standard answer. Test workstation divides into the customer end procedure and the Web way in the realization way, former allows the examinee (support touches screen te

18、st patter</p><p>　　The test establishes the workstation: Carries on the establishment tote test service the customer end procedure. Mainly provided the revision question bank, the verification question bank,

19、 revised the examinee material, establishes the examinee/examination place condition, the inquiry/printing test result, the question bank inducts/derives function and so on function as well as monitoring test situation.

20、</p><p>　　Test application server: Network on-line test system application server. Mainly has realized the data cushion and the test service logic seal and duplicate uses the function, is takes a test the wo

21、rkstation, the test establishes the workstation and the database server connection. Has provided the rich connection using the server, may increase or the reduced service rule through the module way, considered later wil

22、l take a test the service promotion, also should reserve the new test type connecti</p><p>　　Furthermore, considered the system the stability with carries out the efficiency, in the analysis network configur

23、ation foundation, the system later might select distributional three C/S and B/S will mix with the overhead construction method, namely: The examinee if miscarries on the test in this section, may choose the C/S structur

24、e to touch the screen test and the examination site test pattern; If the examinee is carries on the test in the outside areas, may choose the B/S structure the examin</p><p>　　The network on-line test system

25、 needs to carry on the data through the network the transmission, therefore applies the server, the Web server and the database server security must from the system design time carries on the plan. We might use below the

26、 security measure:</p><p>　　1) In stalls the reliable firewall, carries on the effective containment to the exterior malicious attack. </p><p>　　2) The server (including applies server, databa

27、se server and the Web server) the hard disk district transformation is the NTFS form, open sure sportive jurisdiction according to the different demand for the user.</p><p>　　3) May write the essential code

28、 the DLL module, not only streng the need the security, simultaneously also caused the system the modular degree to strengthen, enhanced the system performance. </p><p>　　4) May carry on two times of encryp

29、tions in the database to the essential data.</p><p>　　5) 2,000 data backups with restores the function using SQL the SERVER, guarantees the database information the integrity and the security. </p>&

30、lt;p>　　The current software quite popular system structural model mainly has: C/S structural model and B/S structural model. These two kinds of structures may divide into two with the multilayered overhead con saturat

31、ion, the main difference lies in whether has used them idle ware (for example COM+ or CORBA) comes the overhead construction to apply the server level. This structural model unified distributional multilayered C/S and th

32、e B/S merit designs, divides into the customer level, business logic l</p><p>　　Customer level: Below mainly uses for to satisfy the overall system each kind of visit demand and processes works: The receive

33、user's in put, carries on the analysis inspection to user's input and makes corresponding processing; Sends out the data to the server to request that, demonstrated by movement result which transmits using the se

34、rver. The customer level usually is composed by the customer advancement, the customer advancement mainly includes the advancement in this model which the IE bro</p><p>　　Business logic level: Will be respon

35、sible to receive the request which will transmit from the customer end or the tour and to request will bequeath the first floor to carry on processing, simultaneously will request the processing result transmission for t

36、he customer end or the brow ser. Business logic level advancement mainly is composed by middle ware MTS/COM+ as well as some related processing advancements.</p><p>　　Microsoft Corporation has promoted Windo

37、ws DNA under the Windows platform (Distributed inter Net Application Architecture, distribution network application structure) strategy. Takes Windows COM+ in the DNA strategy the middleware. In the Windows 2,000 above o

38、perating systems, COM+ has become a system part. COM+ was the intermediate level has characteristic provided the load balance, the object pond (Object Pooling), business characteristic and so on a series of force support

39、, and the procedure </p><p>　　In this model, mainly through the ADO realization data dynamic ration, ADO is the Microsoft current mainstream data accessing module, compares with the former data accessing tec

40、hnology, it has provided the extremely simple object model, and has sealed the complex first floor visit technology. Data level: Mainly provides the digital data service for business logic level, like the stored datum op

41、erating result, returns to the data retrieval result and so on. </p><p>　　This structural model has overcome two C/S malpractice, fully has used distributional multilayered C/S and the multilayered B/S merit

42、, extremely good has used the existing network resources, and is to the existing network resources effective integration, the use as well as the expansion. </p><p>　　Then what is XML?</p><p>　　X

43、ML (eXtended Markup Language) is one kind of mark language, likes HTML which we is familiar with to be same, but the XML label is according to own needs to come by the people to have custom-made, in other words, any word

44、 and the character all may do for the label uses, so long as can the accurate expression data attribute. The accurate expression data meaning is the biggest advantage which XML brings. Moreover, the XML use text mode sav

45、es its form, is advantageous for between the procedure, the</p><p>　　This system if introduces the XML language expression data the advantage, is causes in the system the customer end data demonstration and

46、the system processing data separation, reduces the development system complex, reduces the system process time, reduces the network transmission quantity, thus enhances the system to carry out the efficiency. The unified

47、 modeling language (Unified Modeling Language, UML) is the object-oriented software standardized modeling language. Because its simple, is uni</p><p>　　From enterprise information system to base on Web distr

48、ibutional application, even is strict real-time inserts the type system all suitably to come in handy UML to come the modeling. This is one kind of rich expression strength language, may describe each kind of view which

49、the development needs, then take this as foundation assembly system. This system if introduces UML the main superiority enhances the software development efficiency, reduces the development time, saves the development co

50、st. T</p><p><b>　　窗體底端</b></p><p><b>　　翻譯：</b></p><p>　　隨著網(wǎng)絡技術的日益普及和信息化建設的出視，現(xiàn)在學校普遍都配制了考試安全監(jiān)控設備，并在此基礎上搭建了管理信息系統(tǒng)，對信息化建設起到了積極的推動作用。但在實際工作中存在著軟件建設落后于硬件建設的現(xiàn)象，例如，

51、教育管理層對考生的考核還停留在傳統(tǒng)的考試模式，不僅效率低下，而且還存在許多弊端，造成信息資源的浪費。</p><p>　　考試的無紙化、網(wǎng)絡化，不僅能有效減少相關人員的工作量，較好的利用計算機與網(wǎng)絡的優(yōu)勢，提高工作效率，也能使考試更加公平、公正?；谶@種需求，我們?yōu)榭荚囋O計開發(fā)了一套性能穩(wěn)定、安全可靠、操作方便的可以滿足大量同時使用的網(wǎng)絡考試系統(tǒng)。使得考試的安全性、公平性、公正性大大提高。</p>

52、<p>　　本系統(tǒng)實際運行后使用后，效果良好，不僅大大推進了考試的信息化建設進程，而且使得學校對考生的考核更加科學化、公平化、公正化、高效化和網(wǎng)絡化。</p><p>　　網(wǎng)絡考試系統(tǒng)應該能滿足大量考生在任何地方、任何時間都能參加考試，并自動判斷成績。通過對考試業(yè)務需求的詳細分析，本系統(tǒng)應提供的主要功能如下：</p><p>　　1）  考生可以在網(wǎng)上進行考試

53、，考試結束后由計算機自動判斷分數(shù)，并記錄成績，考生還可以查看標準答案。如果考試時間到，系統(tǒng)自動提示交卷并停止作答。</p><p>　　2） 教員可以在網(wǎng)上建立、修改題庫，修改考生個人資料，監(jiān)控考場情況等。</p><p>　　3）  管理員可以在網(wǎng)上建立考生、教員等檔案資料，審核題庫，安排考生考試，修改考生和考場狀態(tài)，查詢考生考試成績，監(jiān)控考場情況以及設置考試項目與考

54、試題數(shù)等。</p><p>　　另外為保證考試的公平、公正，試卷的試題由計算機隨機從題庫抽取。為嚴格杜絕考試的作弊行為，系統(tǒng)以后最好還應該提供指紋驗證登錄的功能。</p><p>　　其主要流程是：用戶根據(jù)授權登錄后，系統(tǒng)根據(jù)用戶權限的不同，設置相應的操作操作。乘務員登錄后可以進行考試，查看成績及標準答案等操作；教員登錄后可以進行修改考生的個人資料、修改題庫、修改用戶密碼以及監(jiān)控考試情況等

55、操作；管理員登錄后除具有教員的一切功能外，還可以進行審核題庫（只有審核過的題庫才可以進行考試）、設置考試時間、查詢、打印考試成績等操作。</p><p>　　也可以設置以下幾項：</p><p>　　考試工作站：對考生進行考試的客戶端程序。主要提供了根據(jù)系統(tǒng)配置進行隨機出題、驗證登錄、考試時間提示、自動判斷成績、查看考試成績以及標準答案等功能。其中考試工作站在實現(xiàn)方式上又分為客戶端程序與W

56、eb方式，前者允許考生通過客戶端程序（支持觸摸屏考試模式）的方式進行考試，后者則允許考生通過考試專用網(wǎng)進行考試。</p><p>　　考試設置工作站：對考試業(yè)務進行設置的客戶端程序。主要提供了修改題庫、審核題庫、修改考生資料、設置考生/考場狀態(tài)、查詢/打印考試成績、題庫的導入/導出功能以及監(jiān)控考試情況等功能。</p><p>　　考試應用服務器：網(wǎng)絡在線考試系統(tǒng)的應用服務器。主要實現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)

57、緩沖及考試業(yè)務邏輯的封裝與復用功能，是考試工作站、考試設置工作站與數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器的接口。應用服務器提供了豐富的接口，可以通過模塊方式增加或者減少業(yè)務規(guī)則，考慮到以后考試業(yè)務的升級，應用服務器層還應預留了新考試類型的接口，使得以后的系統(tǒng)擴展較為方便。另外，為保證考試的高效性，應用服務器支持雙機熱備份的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器模式，即如果當前正在使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器發(fā)生故障，則系統(tǒng)配置中的后備數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器自動切換為當前數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器，這一切都是在用戶所不知曉

58、與干預的情況下進行的。通過應用服務器層的高效，真正使考試業(yè)務做到了使用簡便、功能強大、性能穩(wěn)定，模塊化程度強，滿足了新時期對信息化建設的較高要求。</p><p>　　再者，考慮到系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性與執(zhí)行效率，在分析網(wǎng)絡配置的基礎上，系統(tǒng)以后可采用分布式的三層C/S與B/S混用的架構方式，即：考生如果是在本段進行考試，可以選擇C/S結構的觸摸屏考試和考點考試模式；如果考生是在外地進行考試，可以選擇B/S結構的考點考試模

59、式</p><p>　　網(wǎng)絡在線考試系統(tǒng)需要通過網(wǎng)絡來進行數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸，因此可應用服務器、Web服務器與數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器的安全性必須從系統(tǒng)設計時就進行規(guī)劃。我們可采用了以下安全措施：</p><p>　　1）加裝可靠的防火墻，對外部的惡意攻擊進行有效的遏制。</p><p>　　2）將服務器（包括應用服務器、數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器與Web服務器）的硬盤分區(qū)轉化為NTFS格式，根據(jù)不

60、同的需求為用戶開設各自的權限。</p><p>　　3）將關鍵代碼可寫成DLL組件，不但增強了安全性，同時也使系統(tǒng)的模塊化程度加強，提高了系統(tǒng)性能。</p><p>　　4）在數(shù)據(jù)庫中對關鍵數(shù)據(jù)可進行二次加密。</p><p>　　5）應用SQL SERVER 2000的數(shù)據(jù)備份與恢復功能，保證數(shù)據(jù)庫信息的完整與安全。 </p><p>　　

61、當前軟件界比較流行的系統(tǒng)結構模型主要有：C/S結構模型與B/S結構模型。這兩種結構又可分為二層和多層架構，主要的區(qū)別在于是否使用了中間件（例如COM+或CORBA）來架構應用服務器層。該結構模型結合了分布式多層C/S與B/S的優(yōu)點而設計，在通常情況下分為客戶層、事務邏輯層和數(shù)據(jù)層。</p><p>　　客戶層：主要用來滿足整個系統(tǒng)的各種訪問需求并處理以下工作：接收用戶的輸入，對用戶的輸入進行分析檢查并作相應的處理

62、；向服務器發(fā)出數(shù)據(jù)請求，顯示由應用服務器傳來的運行結果。客戶層通常由客戶進程組成，在該模型中客戶進程主要包括IE瀏覽器動態(tài)創(chuàng)建的進程以及客戶端的考試工作站創(chuàng)建的進程等。</p><p>　　事務邏輯層：負責接收從客戶端或游覽器傳來的請求并將請求傳給底層進行處理，同時將請求處理結果發(fā)送給客戶端或者瀏覽器。事務邏輯層的進程主要由中間件MTS/COM+以及一些相關的處理進程組成。</p><p>

63、;　　在Windows平臺下微軟公司推出了的Windows DNA（Distributed inter Net Application Architecture，分布式網(wǎng)絡應用結構）策略。把COM+作為Windows DNA策略中的中間件。在Windows 2000以上操作系統(tǒng)中，COM+成為了系統(tǒng)的一部分。COM+為中間層提供了負載平衡、對象池（Object Pooling）、事務特性等一系列的強力支持，并且在COM+中工作的程序受到

64、操作系統(tǒng)的保護，從而最大的保證了系統(tǒng)的安全、穩(wěn)定和高效。</p><p>　　在該模型中，主要通過ADO實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)動態(tài)操作，ADO是微軟當前主流的數(shù)據(jù)訪問組件，與以往的數(shù)據(jù)訪問技術相比，它提供了極為簡單的對象模型，并封裝了復雜的底層訪問技術。 </p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)層：主要為事務邏輯層提供數(shù)據(jù)服務，如存儲數(shù)據(jù)操作結果、返回數(shù)據(jù)檢索結果等。</p><p>　　本結

65、構模型克服了二層C/S的弊端，充分利用了分布式的多層C/S與多層B/S的優(yōu)點，，極好地利用了現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡資源，是對現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡資源的有效集成、利用以及擴展。</p><p><b>　　那么什么是XML？</b></p><p>　　XML（eXtended Markup Language）是一種標記語言，就像我們熟悉的HTML一樣，但是XML的標簽是由人們根據(jù)自己的需要來

66、定制的，也就是說，任何詞和字都可以做為標簽來用，只要能準確的表達數(shù)據(jù)的屬性。準確表達數(shù)據(jù)的含義就是XML帶來的最大好處。另外，XML使用文本方式存儲其格式，便于程序之間、操作系統(tǒng)之間溝通、交流，適應目前互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　XML出現(xiàn)短短幾年就得到了廣泛的應用，目前新推出的軟件幾乎都會支持XML。例如微軟的.Net系列軟件、Office系列軟件等等。不出幾年，XML就會代替HTML成為因特網(wǎng)上標準的

67、標記語言。</p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)如果引入XML語言表達數(shù)據(jù)的好處，是使得系統(tǒng)中客戶端數(shù)據(jù)的顯示和系統(tǒng)處理的數(shù)據(jù)分離，減小開發(fā)系統(tǒng)的復雜度，減少系統(tǒng)處理時間，減少網(wǎng)絡傳送量，從而提高系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行效率。</p><p>　　統(tǒng)一建模語言（Unified Modeling Language, UML）是面向對象軟件的標準化建模語言。由于其簡單、統(tǒng)一，又能夠表達軟件設計中的動態(tài)和靜態(tài)信息，目前

68、已經(jīng)成為可視化建模語言事實上的工業(yè)標準。</p><p>　　從企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)到基于Web的分布式應用，甚至嚴格的實時嵌入式系統(tǒng)都適合用UML來建模。這是一種富有表達力的語言，可以描述開發(fā)所需要的各種視圖，然后以此為基礎來裝配系統(tǒng)。 </p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)如果引入UML的主要優(yōu)勢是提高軟件開發(fā)效率，減少開發(fā)時間，節(jié)約開發(fā)成本。以UML語言建模應該是以Rational公司的Rose工具為