4h-2型花生收獲機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)原理及運(yùn)動(dòng)特性分析外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Design principle and analyses of the motion</p><p>　　characteristics of4H-2type peanut harvester</p><p>　　Shang Shuqi,Wang Jiangang,Wang Fangyan,Liu Shuguang,Jiang Yuanzhi</p>

2、<p>　　(EngineeringSchool,LaiyangAgricultural University,Laiyang,Shandong265200,China)</p><p>　　Abstract: The structure, working principle and design of main parts of the 4H-2 type peanut harvester were

3、described andanalyzed, and the kinematics model of the main work parts was founded. On the basis of the optimized structure, therepresentative tracks of the work parts were described by means of Visual Basic and SPSS sof

4、tware and the machinefunction characteristics. The theoretical foundation has been provided for further study of this kind of machines.</p><p>　　Key words: Peanut harvester; design principle; motion characte

5、ristics</p><p>　　CLC number: S225.73 Document Code: A Article ID:1002-6819(2005)01-0087-05</p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　The peanut is one of the main oil plants in the world, wh

6、ich is only inferior to soybean but ranks the second for oil production and international trade.For a long time, the planting, harvesting and processing of peanut were mostly completed by manual work. It is a piece of la

7、bored work with low efficiency, which affects the peanut production seriously. Especially in the last few years, as the transferring surplus rural labors to urban areas, the contradiction of each link of peanut productio

8、n i</p><p>　　It has been a long time for researching and developing the peanut harvesters in developed countries, it is a typical representative that the LP-2 type peanut harvester and peanut combine harvest

9、er of "Courtesy lf Lilli ston Mfg. Co." in the United States and PH-2 type peanut harvester of Michigan in Netherlands. The development of peanut harvester in China is later than that in developed countries, pe

10、rhaps the beginning of the 1960s. Since the 1970s, many representative mimic peanut harvesters w</p><p>　　2 Structure design of the peanut harvester</p><p>　　Analysis of the whole machine struct

11、ure</p><p>　　4H-2 type peanut harvester combines with the advanced method of planting and agricultural requirement, which can harvest two rows at one working stroke. It matches with the 8.8~13.0 kW small fou

12、r-wheel tractors. 4H-2 type peanut harvester is composed of gaging wheel, transmission shaft, eccentric wheel, pitman, long rocker-arm, erect axis, harvesting parts, long pitman, rocker-arm, mounting device and frame etc

13、. The figure 2 shows its structure.</p><p>　　1.gaging wheel 2.joint coupling 3.transmission shaft 4.erectaxis 5.long rocker-arm 6.long pitman 7.mounting device 8.rocker-arm 9.erect axis 10.harveste

14、r part 11.eccentricwheel 12.pitman 13.harvest part 14.frame </p><p>　　Fig.2 Diagram of peanut harvester</p><p>　　The driving power needed of the work parts of 4H-2 type peanut harvester com

15、es from the PTO of tractor. When the machine with tractor goes forward, the PTO drives eccentric wheel 11 pass through joint coupling 2 and transmission shaft 3. Then eccentric wheel 11 drives long rocker-arm 5 to move p

16、ass through pitman 12. As erect axis 4 and harvest parts 13 are made together, rocker 8 with long pitman 6 and long rocker-arm 5 constitute an inverse parallelogram mechanism, therefore harvest parts 10 a</p><

17、p>　　3：Function characteristics of the harvester</p><p>　　The swing-digging principle and the inverse parallelogram mechanism have been successfully created and applied to 4H-2 type peanut harvester. It ha

18、d broken the traditional way which is scoop and separate chain to combine together for harvesting.</p><p>　　(1) 4H-2 type peanut harvester should be matched with the small four-wheel tractors which are very

19、universal. Its design is reasonable, with reliable working, steady function, convenient adjustment, higher adaptability, and this machine can work in various fields and harvest all kinds of peanut.</p><p>　　

20、(2) In harvesting process, plastic film was not broken and easy collected with the peanut stalks. There is none leavings of them on the ground.</p><p>　　(3) As created the swing-digging principle, the whole

21、resistance and the power consumption of the harvester have been reduced. By means of the swing function, the soil with heavy specific gravity sinking passes through the grids, and the peanut with lighter specific gravity

22、 moves up, so that the loss rate of peanut was reduced remarkably.</p><p>　　4H-2 type peanut harvester is the new typical agricultural implement for the small scale farms of China and more suitable for Chine

23、se peanut production. This harvester has the simpler structure and lower price. Its various performance indexes are superior to the Standard of technique indexes for peanut harvesting in China. It can bring more economic

24、 benefit to the customers. </p><p>　　References</p><p>　　[1] Duan Shufen, Hou Wenguang. The world peanut production and the trade outlook[J]. Chinese agriculture bulletin,1990,6(2):21-25.</p

25、><p>　　[2] Tao Shouxiang. The present condition and outlook of peanut high yield in Shandong province[J]. Peanut science and technology,1993,2:26-29.</p><p>　　[3] Chen Chuanqiang. The broadcast l

26、ecture of the mechanization of peanut technique production[R]. The agriculture machinery extension center of Shandong province,2000.</p><p>　　[4] The comprehensive mechanization technique of peanut producti

27、on. The agricultural technique extension center of Shandong province,1999.</p><p>　　[5] Zhao Ming, et al. Peanut production machinery[M]. The publishing house of Hebei province,1981,81-90.</p><p&

28、gt;　　[6] Sun Yanhao. The peanut production & cultivation. The gold shield publishing house,1991,61-80.</p><p>　　[7] Peanut Institute of Shandong province. Peanut [ M ]. Jinan: Science &Technique Pub

29、lishing House of Shandong Province,1982,46-52.</p><p>　　4H-2型花生收獲機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)原理及運(yùn)動(dòng)特性分析</p><p>　　尚書(shū)旗，王方艷，劉曙光，趙忠海，王建春</p><p>　　摘 要:通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外花生收獲機(jī)械的調(diào)研與資料檢索,綜述了用于分段收獲的花生挖掘犁、花生收獲機(jī)和用于聯(lián)合收獲的花生聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)的類型

30、及特點(diǎn)。在系統(tǒng)介紹和分析了上述花生收獲機(jī)械以及用于分段收獲中花生摘果機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上,從各種機(jī)型的工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、動(dòng)力配套、性能指標(biāo)、適應(yīng)條件等多方面論述了國(guó)內(nèi)外花生收獲機(jī)械所具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)和存在的不足。結(jié)合中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整對(duì)花生收獲機(jī)械帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇,提出了發(fā)展中國(guó)花生收獲機(jī)械化的對(duì)策和建議。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞:花生 收獲機(jī)械 現(xiàn)狀 發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p&g

31、t;<b>　　+</b></p><p><b>　　1：引言</b></p><p>　　花生是廣泛栽培的主要油料經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,在世界油料生產(chǎn)和國(guó)際貿(mào)易中僅次于大豆而居于第二位。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的全球化,花生生產(chǎn)無(wú)論對(duì)我國(guó),還是對(duì)世界農(nóng)業(yè)均起著重要的作用。但長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),我國(guó)花生收獲環(huán)節(jié)基本都是靠人工完成的,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,效率低下,制約著我國(guó)的花生生產(chǎn)。近幾年

32、來(lái),隨著農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移,花生播種機(jī)械的推廣,花生收獲與花生生產(chǎn)各環(huán)節(jié)之間的矛盾突出。實(shí)現(xiàn)花生收獲過(guò)程的機(jī)械化作業(yè)已成為提高花生生產(chǎn)效益,增加農(nóng)民收入的重要組成部分。</p><p>　　花生收獲機(jī)較花生挖掘犁在功能上有了進(jìn)一步提高,實(shí)現(xiàn)了挖掘和果土分離的功能,但仍需人工或機(jī)械撿拾、集運(yùn)、摘果。國(guó)外花生收獲機(jī)械的研究起步較早,技術(shù)也比較先進(jìn),多采用兩段收獲法。較有代表性的是美國(guó)Courtesy of Lill

33、i ston Mfg. Co.生產(chǎn)的LP—2型花生收獲機(jī)、荷蘭Michigan生產(chǎn)的PH—2型花生收獲機(jī)及美國(guó)Kelley Manufacturing公司生產(chǎn)的系列花生挖掘機(jī),這些機(jī)型均采用挖掘鏟與分離鏈相組合的工作原理。我國(guó)對(duì)花生收獲機(jī)的研制是從20世紀(jì)60年代開(kāi)始的,起步較晚。又在20世紀(jì)70年代末80年代初從美國(guó)引進(jìn)花生挖掘機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上得以發(fā)展起來(lái)。開(kāi)始研制花生收獲機(jī)以來(lái),已有多種類型的樣機(jī)或產(chǎn)品問(wèn)世,如東風(fēng)-69型、4HW-800

34、型、4H-150型花生收獲機(jī)等,實(shí)現(xiàn)了我國(guó)花生生產(chǎn)從傳統(tǒng)的人力勞動(dòng)到機(jī)械化的部分轉(zhuǎn)變,在我國(guó)花生生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化的發(fā)展過(guò)程中起到了一定地積極地作用。其中實(shí)際應(yīng)用的花生收獲機(jī)型中除東風(fēng)-69型是收獲前人工割蔓外,其余都是帶蔓收獲?；ㄉ斋@機(jī)中比較典型的是4HW系列花生挖掘機(jī)。該系列花生挖掘機(jī)可分別與之適應(yīng)的8.8~11 kW、14~22 kW</p><p>　　2：傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理分析</p><

35、p>　　4H 2型花生收獲機(jī)是目前應(yīng)用推廣較好的機(jī)械。該機(jī)械適應(yīng)當(dāng)前的種植體制,選用農(nóng)村普遍應(yīng)用的8.8~13 kW小四輪拖拉機(jī)為配套動(dòng)力,可與多功能花生播種覆膜機(jī)配套使用,是唯一可以將殘膜同花生一起收起,減少地膜殘余量的有效機(jī)械。但該收獲機(jī)的主要參數(shù)未進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與理論分析,特別是重要的傳動(dòng)部件沒(méi)有進(jìn)行最佳結(jié)構(gòu)與運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)的確定。工作時(shí),有關(guān)參數(shù)需要逐步調(diào)試,影響花生收獲機(jī)的性能與作業(yè)質(zhì)量。為此,進(jìn)一步從理論上研究4H 2型

36、花生收獲機(jī),對(duì)其主要參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析,對(duì)推動(dòng)花生產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重要意義。</p><p>　　1.限深輪 2.萬(wàn)向節(jié) 3.傳動(dòng)軸 4、9 立軸 5.長(zhǎng)擺桿 6.長(zhǎng)</p><p>　　連桿 7.懸掛裝置 8.擺桿 10、13 收獲部件 11.偏心傳動(dòng)</p><p>　　輪 12.連桿 14.膠帶輪 15.機(jī)架</p><

37、p>　　工作過(guò)程中,花生收獲機(jī)在拖拉機(jī)的牽引下一方面前進(jìn),一方面動(dòng)力通過(guò)拖拉機(jī)的動(dòng)力輸出軸、萬(wàn)向節(jié)2、傳動(dòng)軸3,帶動(dòng)偏心傳動(dòng)輪11以一定的速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);偏心膠帶輪11則通過(guò)連桿12帶動(dòng)長(zhǎng)擺桿5運(yùn)動(dòng),隨之帶動(dòng)長(zhǎng)連桿6、擺桿8運(yùn)動(dòng)。由于長(zhǎng)擺桿5、擺桿8分別通過(guò)立軸4、9與收獲部件10、13緊密聯(lián)接成一體,所以收獲部件10、13,將隨立軸4、9一起做同頻率、反方向擺動(dòng)。在收獲過(guò)程中,兩收獲部件10、13擺動(dòng)前進(jìn),依靠挖掘鏟的運(yùn)動(dòng)將花生挖出并

38、向后輸送。由于挖掘鏟后部連接的縱向分離柵條在不停地作扇形擺動(dòng),使得被挖起的土壤和花生的混合體松碎。密度大的土壤在運(yùn)動(dòng)中從柵條間隙中落下;而密度小的花生莢果,在運(yùn)動(dòng)中上浮,實(shí)現(xiàn)了花生與土壤良好分離。隨后花生植株繼續(xù)向后歸攏輸送,最后整齊地平鋪在挖掘后的地面。</p><p><b>　　3 結(jié)束語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　在一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期內(nèi),中小型花生收獲機(jī)械將是花

39、生收獲機(jī)市場(chǎng)上的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品。由于中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)存在一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的調(diào)整期,花生的機(jī)械化收獲也將經(jīng)歷從分段收獲到聯(lián)合收獲的發(fā)展歷程。</p><p>　　(1)闡述了花生收獲機(jī)傳動(dòng)部件的工作原理,提出了傳動(dòng)部件的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)花生收獲機(jī)械的性能影響。</p><p>　　(2)通過(guò)傳動(dòng)部件的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理與參數(shù)分析,得到了該部件主要參數(shù)間的關(guān)系表達(dá)式與傳動(dòng)部件的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,為進(jìn)一步的分析研究提供了理論依據(jù)。<

40、;/p><p>　　(3)通過(guò)對(duì)4H 2型花生收獲機(jī)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化分析,簡(jiǎn)化了機(jī)構(gòu)尺寸,提高了機(jī)構(gòu)的性能與工作可靠性,同時(shí)為花生機(jī)械研究提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。其中,對(duì)空間曲柄擺桿傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化,提高了機(jī)械的傳動(dòng)效率,降低了生產(chǎn)成本。優(yōu)化后的反平行四邊形機(jī)構(gòu)保證了該機(jī)工作的平穩(wěn)性,減少了對(duì)連桿的調(diào)整,簡(jiǎn)化了機(jī)構(gòu),為收獲機(jī)的安裝、調(diào)試提供了方便。</p><p>　　4H-2型花生收獲機(jī)采用農(nóng)村普遍的配

41、套動(dòng)力,損失率<2%(一般>5%),收獲效率比人工收獲提高15倍,能適應(yīng)最近幾年花生鋪膜播種機(jī)械化工藝,能夠在收花生的同時(shí)將地膜收起,減少土壤污染,起到了很好的環(huán)保作用。其結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,性能可靠,主要性能指標(biāo)已達(dá)到了國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)：</b></p><p>　　1 段淑芬,胡文廣.世界花生生產(chǎn)及貿(mào)易展望[J].中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào)

42、,1990,6(2):2~25.</p><p>　　2 陶壽祥.山東花生高產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀與展望[J].花生科技,1993(2):26~29.</p><p>　　3陳傳強(qiáng).花生收獲機(jī)械有哪些[N].中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)電影電視中心,2002.</p><p>　　4山東省革命委員會(huì)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械管理局.場(chǎng)上機(jī)械[M].濟(jì)南:山東科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1999.</p><p&