Taxonomic and Pharmaceutical Analysis of Medicinal Plants of Genera Clematis and Houttuynia.pdf

1、Traditionally,plant taxonomy USeS morphological characteristics，secondary metabolites and molecular biomarkers to delimit boundaries within or between various taxa and demonstrate their taxon relationships．Although remar

2、kable achievements have been obtained but many problems in evolutionary taxonomy hitherto need further investigations．Recently,there is all increasing emphasis on application of "-OMICS"sciences-in the post-genome era．Th

3、e proteomic approach has great potential for providing global，holistie profiling and characterization of protein expressions in ceils，tissues or organs．The progress in the research of plant proteome will not onty afford

4、new insigkts to decipher the unraveling of phenomenon of plant's response to biotic and abiotie stimuli but also it will be marvelous leap towards improvement of agronomic and medicinal plant species．Moreover，proteome te

5、chnique wilt made it feasible to differentiate intra-taxon or inter-taxa phylogenetie relationships in different plants and it witl be initialization of comer stone step towards the development of modem biosystematics．

6、 In this research project we studied preliminary application of the proteome technique for taxonomic studies to differentiate intra·genus or inter‘genera species．Mainly,those taxa having medicinal importance were selec

7、ted for the studies and a comparative analysis was performed by using chemical and morphological features of same taxa in order to evaluate the significance of proteome approach as taxonomic and phylogenetic t00l．Secondl

8、y,medicinal plants of genera Clematis and Houttuynia being used in different traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) were analyzed by different analytical approaches and protocols were evaluated and optimized for their qual

9、ity control(QC) In perspectives of taxonomic analysis；firstly,morphological studiesincluding description of collected species and taxonomic analysis of the taxa based on 27 phylogenetieally informative phenotypic cha

10、racteristics was conducted by using Matlab/Multivari ate Statistical Package(MVSP 3.1)and results weft presented as phenetie tree．The ambiguities of this classical classification system in eomparision with those of chemo

11、typic or/and proteomic approaches were discussedSecondly，ehemodiversity of saponins in 12 species of genus Clematis wereanalyzed by LC-UV/MS approach，differential distribution data of saponins were computed as matrix and

12、 analyzed by Matlab/MVSE and results were presented as phenograms．The taxonomic significance of saponins distribution patterns in comparision with phenotypic and protein based classification systems waspresented and disc

13、ussed. Thirdly,in the proteomic studies for taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis，a protocol for leaf protein extraction，solubilization and analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) was optimized by evaluating

14、different methods of choice．For taxonomic studies，leaf proteome of 12 different taxa of Clematis and Ranunculus muricatus(as one out group)were analyzed by 2-DEapproacH.The gels with repetitive potypeptide spots were sel

15、ected for each accession and presence or absence of spots was formulated as matrix．The obtained matrix was，analyzed by Matlab/MVSP and results were presented as phenograms．The proteome approach was used to characterize a

16、n important TCM，Clematis chinensis by identifying biomarkers．Identified proteins were mostly concerned with energy metabolism,evolution and defensive mechanism of plains. The proteome technique was also applied to measur

17、e genetic distances between different specifies of genera Clematis，ganunculus and Paeonia，The genetic distances among the taxa of different genera were computed by using differential distribution of polypeptide chains (e

18、xpressed genomes)The data were computed as matrix and processed by MVSP and results were presented as phenograms This proteomic approach has proved tO be all eminent technique to differentiate different taxa of three gen

19、era of family Ranunculaceae． In perspectives of pharmaceutical analysis；firstly, an ethnobotanical expedition was conducted to Tian Mu Shan Biosphere Reserve(TMSBR) Zhejiang not only to collect medicinal taxa of the

20、genera but also to document precious indigenous ethnomedicinal knowledge about the flora of the region，The significance of ethnomedicinal knowledge in drug discovery and drug development is debated．Some of the obtained t

21、axa(TCMs)were chemically analyzed by different analytical techniques． Secondly,Clematis huchouensis Tamura(CHT)which is an important TCM was studied for its chemical constituents(flavonoids)A protocol based on high p

22、erformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)fingerprinting was optimized for its QC．The optimized protocol can a[so serve as modal for other TCMs． Thirdly，chemical composition of essential oil(EO)of Houttuynta cordata Thun

23、b．(HCT)，a valuable TCM was carried out by GC/MS technique．EO was extracted by hydrodistillation(HD)method and obtained EO was analyzed by On．Column GC/MS and their quantity contents were determined．The established GC/MS

24、methodology call serve as good QC protocol for TCMs of this species and modal for other botanic drugs．The significance of different taxonomic and pharmaceutical approaches in QC of ethnomedicines/botanical drugs with exp