從巫官、史官到儒家的源起_19289.pdf

1、摘要本文通過探討先秦時(shí)期的巫官一史官—儒的關(guān)系，追尋儒的發(fā)展源頭，分析了巫術(shù)在初民中的形成、發(fā)展以及一步步如何被儒家代替的歷史過程。站在歷史的高度，揭去籠罩在巫術(shù)身上的神秘面紗，還其本來(lái)面目。巫、覡是最早脫離物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的一批知識(shí)分子和腦力勞動(dòng)者，從其產(chǎn)生的那一刻開始，直到文明社會(huì)的夏商周時(shí)期，一直處于社會(huì)的主導(dǎo)地位，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的文明發(fā)展起到了舉足輕重的作用。西周時(shí)期禮制的確立，巫的地位開始下降。進(jìn)入到春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，思想文化領(lǐng)域的一系列變化

2、，巫逐漸由主導(dǎo)地位退居邊緣，但仍然對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面產(chǎn)生著影響。筆者的這篇論文共分四章，第一章界定了原始社會(huì)的巫及巫術(shù)的相關(guān)概念，以及夏代及夏代以前的巫、巫術(shù)給予了說(shuō)明；第二章主要討論了處于祭祀時(shí)代的殷商時(shí)期的巫及巫術(shù)的相關(guān)情況；第三章從西周開始的巫史分離，至春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期巫史分離的完成，做了詳細(xì)闡述：第四章作為結(jié)論，中國(guó)的巫術(shù)為什么沒有向西方那樣走上宗教的道路，而是被傳統(tǒng)儒家占據(jù)了統(tǒng)治地位，做了詳盡說(shuō)明。本文旨在對(duì)從巫由史，再由儒

3、的歷史進(jìn)程作一研究和梳理。關(guān)鍵詞：巫官；史官；儒家／嬲AbstractByexploringtherelationshipbetweenwitchofficerhistoriographerandConfucianismofpreQinDynastyandthentracethesourceofthedevelopmentofConfucianismandanalysistheformationanddevelopmentofmagic

4、alintheearlypeople，andonestepbystephowConfucianinsteadbyConfucianacrossthehistoricalprocessStandinthehistoricalperspective，touncoverthemysteriousveilwhichshroudedinmagicalandoriginitstrueoriginsWizardisagroupofintellectu

5、alsandmentalworkerswhoisthefirstseparatedfromthefieldofmaterialproductionandwhohasalwaysbeeninthedominantpositionofthecommunityandthenplayedapivotalroleonthedevelopmentofcivilization，fromthatmomentthatwizarddisappearedto

6、theXiaShangandZhouDynastiesthatwentintothecivilizedsocietyWhittheestablishmentoftheWesternZhouDynastyritualsystem，thewitchsstatusbegantodeclineAccesstotheSpringandAutumnPeriod、析maseriesofchangesintheideologicalandcultura

7、lfields，witchretreatedtotheedgefromthedominantpositiongraduallybutstillhadaninfluenceonallaspectsofsociallifeTheauthorofthisthesisconsistsoffivechapters，嬲definedconceptsoftheprimitivesocietyofwitchandwitchcraftinthefirst

8、chapter，弱well硒givestheinstructionsofthe)(iaDynaStyandthepreXiadynastywitchandwitchcraft；thesecondchapterfocusesonthesituationofWitchandwitchcr硪relatedinthesacrificialageofYmShang；thethirdchapterfromthebeginningofthehisto

9、riographerseparatedfromwitchduringWesternZhou，tothecompletionofwitchhistorianseparatedfromwitchintheSpringandAutumnPeriod，makesadescriptionindetails；thefourthchapter嬲theconclusion，ChinaswitchcraftWhynottogoonthemadofWest

10、religionbutoccupythedominantpositionbythetraditionalConfucianhasdoneadetailedinstructionsT11isarticleisintendedtomakearesearchandcombingfromthehistoricalprocessofthewitchbyhistoriographerandbyConfucianismKeywords：Thewitc