普通話輕聲的感知實驗.pdf

1、論文題目：普通話輕聲的感知實驗學科專業(yè)：漢語言文字學學位申請人：楊敏指導老師：劉民鋼教授摘要本文結(jié)合語音實驗和心理學實驗的方法和手段，通過對Praat等軟件合成的“雙音節(jié)非輕聲雙音節(jié)輕聲“聲音刺激連續(xù)體進行“語音語義”匹配選擇的感知實驗，探明了音高、音色、音長、音強四種物理因素在對普通話二字組輕聲感知中的作用及影響方式，并基于實驗結(jié)果對輕聲的物理屬性提出了一些看法。本文共分為五章。緒論重點介紹了各項研究背景、前人的研究方法。第一章“實驗

2、設計及流程”主要介紹語音刺激的制作和實驗設計的流程，在制作聲音刺激連續(xù)體時，實驗一共將音高調(diào)型分為平調(diào)、降調(diào)、升調(diào)三個步長臺階，各臺階下變化音高的起點值和終點值；音色分為非輕聲音色和非輕聲音色兩個臺階；音長分為原被測音節(jié)音長的04倍、06倍、08倍三個臺階；音強臺階共有兩個，即原非輕聲后字音節(jié)的音強減弱10dB、20dB，改變音色的音節(jié)音強增強10dB、20dB。實驗一共分為三個小實驗，被試需要對隨機播放的聲音刺激進行“語音語義’’的匹

3、配選擇，實驗中共有4組輕聲與非輕聲的對立組，即：東西東西、媒人沒人、買賣買賣、部分部分。第二章“實驗數(shù)據(jù)的采集”是將實驗所得到的數(shù)據(jù)進行整合，統(tǒng)計q鍵個數(shù)比率，并按照聲音刺激被測音節(jié)物理因素改變情況分類，以便第三章的數(shù)據(jù)分析。第三章“數(shù)據(jù)分析及討論“通過不同因素改變后所得的q值比率極值比較探明了音高、音色、音長、音強對輕聲感知的作用大小：音高在輕聲感知中起主要作用，音色作用次之，音強作用最弱：通過雙因素分析法探明了音高和音強、音高和音長

4、對于輕聲感知不存在交互作用；通過圖表法分析各因素對輕聲感知的作用方式，探明了：降調(diào)音節(jié)更易被感知為輕聲，首字音高為上聲時，平調(diào)音節(jié)也易被感知為輕聲；接近輕聲音色的音節(jié)更易被感知為輕聲；音節(jié)音長越短，被感知為輕聲的比率就越高：音節(jié)的音強值越低，越容易被感知為輕聲。且淮安組和北京組的實驗結(jié)果一致性較強。第四章“結(jié)論”對本文研究所得的各項結(jié)論進行了總結(jié)，并指出了本文的不足之處。本文在前人的研究基礎上繼續(xù)探究普通話輕聲感知過程中各超音段的作用，

5、AbstractWhichone，F(xiàn)Ocontour，time，tonequaldtyorintensity，isthemostimportantfeatureinperceptionondoublesyllableneutraltonewordsAfteralongperiodofresearch，thisquestionstillremainsThepapercombinesphoneticsandpsychologyexperim

6、entmethodtogethertoanalyzehowthesefourfactorsworkThispapertakesamatchingexperimentofvoicestimulusandsemantictosuggestmyopiniononphysicsqualitybasedontheresultsThepaperisdividedintofivechaptersBeforethetextappears，weintro

7、ducemanyfundamentalknowledgeandthemeasuresthatearlierresearchershaveta：kenFirstchapterExperimentaldesignandtheprocessmainlydescribesthewaystosynthesissoundcontinuumsandtheprocessofexperimentIntheexperiment，tone。paRernisd

8、ividedintothreekindsofadjustment，thatislateralmoves，fallingtoneandrisingtoneWechangedinitialfundamentalfrequencyvalueandTcrrninalfundamentalfrequencyvalueunderthethreepaRernsTonequalityisdividedintonon。neutralandneutralq

9、ualityDurationisdividedinto3parts，including04time06timeand08timeAsforIntensitythereare2types，oneisdiminished10dBOr20dBoftheoriginalnonneutraltonesyllables，theotherisincreasedlOdBor20dBofthechangedTheexperimentincludesthr

10、eeparts，Participant。Smissionistodeterminetlle‘matchingtospeechandmeaning’Thereare4groupsinoppositeofneutralandnon—neutraltonesyllables，thosearedongxi，meiren，maimaiandbufenChaptertwo，Collectionofexperimentaldata，whichinte

11、gratestheexperimentdatacountstheq—valueratio，andclassifiestheqvalueratioinaccordancewiththephysicalfactorsofsoundmeasuredsyllablechangedinordertoanalyzethedatainChapterThreeChapterthree，Analysisanddiscussiononthedatabase

12、，Weexploretheeffectsofpitch，tonequalitydurationandintensitybycomparingtheqvalueratioatdifferentfactorsintheperceptionexperimentTheresultisthatpitchplaysamajorroleinperception，tonefollowed，theweakestissoundintensityAccord

13、ingtotheProventwofactoranalysismethod，wecanknowitisnotsignificantinteractionbetweenthepitchandduration，pitchandintensityWhat’smore，fallingtonesyllablesaremorevulnerabletobeperceivedasneutraltonesyllableswhenfirstsyllable

14、isthirdtone，postcrizationalsyllableiseasilyperceivedasneutral；syllableswhichclosetotheneutraltoneiseasiertobeperceivedaSneutral；moreshorterofthesyllablelength，morehighertherateofsyllabicperceivedasaneutraltoneMore10w貫int