外文翻譯---銑削機(jī)床使用的能源消耗特性及減縮策略

1、Laboratory for Manufacturing andSustainabilityUC BerkeleyTitle:Energy Consumption Characterization and Reduction Strategies for Milling Machine Tool UseAuthor:Diaz, Nancy, University of California, BerkeleyDornfeld, Davi

2、d, UC BerkeleyPublication Date:05-04-2011Series:Green Manufacturing and Sustainable Manufacturing PartnershipPublication Info:Green Manufacturing and Sustainable Manufacturing Partnership, Laboratory for Manufacturingand

3、 Sustainability, UC BerkeleyPermalink:http://escholarship.org/uc/item/40g995w6Keywords:Green Machine Tools; Energy Consumption Reduction; Specific Energy CharacterizationAbstract:Since machine tools are used extensively

4、throughout their functional life and consequently consuming valuable natural resources and emitting harmful pollutants during this time, this study reviews strategies for characterizing and reducing the energy consumptio

5、n of milling machine tools during their use. The power demanded by a micro-machining center while cutting low carbon steel under varied material removal rates was measured to model the specific energy of the machine tool

6、. Thereafter the power demanded was studied for cutting aluminum and polycarbonate work pieces for the purpose of comparing the difference in cutting power demand relative to that of steel.- 2 -power is the additional po

7、wer drawn for the removal of material. The machine tool used in this analysis, the Mori Seiki NV1500 DCG, is a micro-machining center with a relatively low standby power demand when compared to large machining centers.

8、Therefore, the cutting power can comprise a large portion of the machine tool’s total power demand. Energy consumption for high tare machine tools was found to be primarily dependent on the processing time of the part, w

9、hich is dictated by the part geometry, tool path, and material removal rate. One such method for optimizing the tool path for minimum cycle time was presented in [4]. This paper is concerned with the effect of the materi

10、al removal rate on energy consumption. The material removal rate for a 3-axis machining center can be varied by changing the feed rate, width of cut, or depth of cut. Since increasing the feed rate was found to have dire

11、 consequences on the cutting tool life [5], the experiments conducted herein varied material removal rate through width of cut and depth of cut experiments for the purpose of analyzing the material removal rate’s effect

12、on cutting power and more importantly, energy consumption. Although increases in the material removal rate translate to faster machining times, the loads on the spindle motor and axis drives increase as well, resulting i

13、n higher power demand. Since our main interest is energy consumed in product manufacture, the trade-off between power demand and machining time was analyzed to confirm that the increased loads due to faster material remo

14、val was not increasing the total energy consumed. 2 POWER DEMAND FOR VARIED M.R.R.’S Since machine tool programmers and operators have an array of options when defining the process plan for part production, this analysi

15、s strives to reduce energy consumption by process parameter selection of a machine tool. Specifically, the parameters concerning material removal rate (M.R.R.) were varied on a Mori Seiki NV1500 DCG while selecting appro

16、priate tooling. The power demand was measured with a Wattnode MODBUS wattmeter. In previous work, experiments we re conducted in which spindle speed, feed rate, feed per tooth, and cutter type were varied to analyze the

17、change in energy consumption while milling a low carbon steel, AISI 1018 steel [5]. Also, [6] conducted experiments on face milling, end milling, and drilling operations in which the energy consumption, machining cost, a

18、nd tool wear were compared for increased cutting speeds. Tool wear and, consequently, cutting tool cost increased significantly when the process parameters veered away from the recommended cutting conditions. So in the f

19、ollowing experiments the cutting tool type was changed to maintain the recommended process parameters, but reduce energy consumption while machining, nonetheless.2.1 Width of Cut Experiments Given the energy savings fro

20、m changing the cutter type this project focused on varying material removal rate. First the width of cut was increased while machining with a: 1. 2 flute uncoated carbide end mill, 2. 2 flute TiN coated carbide end mil

21、l, and 3. 4 flute TiN coated carbide end mill. Peripheral cuts were made along the y-axis at a depth of cut of 2 mm with an 8 mm diameter end mill over a length of 101 mm in a 1018 steel work piece. The width of cut was

22、 varied by 1 mm increments between 1 mm and 7 mm, in addition to a 7.5 mm width of cut. Table 1 summarizes the cutting conditions used. The chip load was maintained at approximately 0.03 mm/tooth to avoid excessive tool