（節(jié)選）景觀設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--satochi- satoyama 山的連接區(qū)土地梯度的分析和建議 （原文））

1、745.2 Analysis of Land Gradient and Proposal of Satochi- Satoyama Connecting Zone 5.2.1 Calculation of Average Land Gradient of 1 km Radius The average land gradient of 1 km radius is calculated using the ArcGIS

2、focal statistics function (Fig. 5.1 ) (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan 2012 )1. We can clearly recognize that Japan is a mountainous country with steep slopes. Forty-nine percent of the land is covered

3、 by slopes steeper than 20°.Figure 5.2 illustrates the distribution pattern of the average land gradient of 1 km radius in central Japan. We can see clearly that areas of an average land gradient of 3–20° f

4、orm ring zones around flat lands. Flatlands of less than 3° mostly overlap with alluvial plains. I will focus on this ring zone in the following analysis.5.2.2 Relationship Between Average Land Gradient, Land Us

5、e and Vegetation Figure 5.3 shows the relationship between the average land gradient and the land use (National Land Numerical Information Download Service 2012 ) of Japan. H. Shimizu and C. Nakatsuji76of sustainab

6、ility and biodiversity. We use the word “Satoyama ” to represent the characteristic of this kind of area. The word “satoyama” was introduced by Tsunahide Shidei in the early 1960s and is now used as a “natural environme

7、nt that is being managed and, therefore, its basic element can be represented as secondary nature.” Takeuchi also introduced the word “Satochi” as the landscape comprised of satoyama , farmlands, settlements and res

8、ervoirs (Takeuchi 2003 ). The Ministry of the Environment designates this landscape as satochi-satoyama landscape instead of satochi , and is promoting global attention in this area because this kind of landscape