外文翻譯---多輸入dc-dc變換器的特征（英文）

1、IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 51, NO. 3, JUNE 2004 625Characteristics of the Multiple-Input DC–DC ConverterHirofumi Matsuo, Fellow, IEEE, Wenzhong Lin, Fujio Kurokawa, Senior Member, IEEE, Tetsuro Shi

2、gemizu, and Nobuya WatanabeAbstract—In the zero-emission electric power generation system, a multiple-input dc–dc converter is useful to obtain the regulated output voltage from several input power sources such as a sola

3、r array, wind generator, fuel cell, and so forth. A new multiple-input dc–dc converter is proposed and analyzed. As a result, the static and dynamic characteristics are clarified theoretically, and the results are confir

4、med by experiment.Index Terms—Boundaries of stability, clean energy, dc–dc con- verter, multiple input, solar array.I. INTRODUCTION RECENTLY, the zero-emission electric power generation system has been developed aggressi

5、vely to exploit clean energy resources such as the solar array, wind generator, fuel cell, and so forth. In this case, the multiple-input dc–dc con- verter [1], [2] is useful to combine several input power sources whose

6、voltage levels and/or power capacity are different and to get regulated output voltage for the load from them, as shown in Fig. 1. For example, in the solar array power supply system with a commercial ac line, the maximu

7、m power point of a solar array can be easily tracked while simultaneously the output voltage can be easily regulated by receiving adequate power from the commercial ac line, even if the load is changed. The purpose of th

8、is paper is to propose a new multiple-input dc–dc converter for realizing the zero-emission electric power generation system. In particular, the two-input buck–boost-type converter is analyzed, and the static and dynamic

9、 characteristics are clarified theoretically and confirmed by experiment.II. CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION AND OPERATION PRINCIPLEFig. 2(a) and (b) shows the basic configuration of multiple- input dc–dc converters. Fig. 2(a) is

10、fundamentally composed of the buck–boost-type dc–dc converter, in which multiple input windings have magnetic coupling through the energy-storage reactor L. Using the magnetic coupling of the isolation trans- former T, t

11、he forward type multiple-input dc–dc converter is ob- tained as shown in Fig. 2(b).Manuscript received May 24, 2002; revised June 11, 2003. Abstract published on the Internet January 14, 2004. H. Matsuo, W. Lin, and F. K

12、urokawa are with the Graduate School of Sci- ence and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan (e-mail: h-matsuo@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp). T. Shigemizu is with the Nagasaki Research and Development Center,

13、Mit- subishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Nagasaki 851-0392, Japan. N. Watanabe is with Choryo Engineering Company, Ltd., Nagasaki 851-0392, Japan. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TIE.2004.825362Fig. 1. Zero-emission electr

14、ic power generation system using multiple-input dc–dc converter.In this paper, the buck–boost-type two-input dc–dc converter using the coupling of reactor L, as shown in Fig. 3(a), is exam- ined because a general discuss

15、ion of multiple-input converter is too complicated and the buck–boost-type dc–dc converter has a simpler circuit configuration. In this figure, the two inputs and are the input voltages from two power sources, whileand a

16、re the turns ratios of two input windings of the re- actor. The number of turns of the output winding of the reactor is normalized and is equal to unity. and are the switches,, , and are the diodes, is the output smoothi

17、ng capac- itance, is the load, and is the output voltage. If the solar array and the commercial ac line are used as input power resources, then the circuit configuration is as shown in Fig. 3(b). The solar cell , used fo

18、r monitoring, and the cur- rent sensor is employed to track the maximum power point of the solar array [3] which is the output current value to obtain the maximum output power from the solar array when the light intensit

19、y is varied. In this case, the commercial ac line is em- ployed to regulate the output voltage. Assuming that the switches and diodes have ideal character- istics, then the circuit shown in Fig. 3(a) can be divided into

20、four states according to the combination of the on and off condition of the switches and , and the diode , as shown in Table I. The operation of the converter is determined by combining these four states, thereby being d

21、ivided into three major modes as shown in Table II. Each major mode consists of a two-state se- quence which is distinguished between the continuous and dis- continuous reactor current modes (see Appendix I). Fig. 4 show

22、s the waveforms of a driving signal, where is the switching pe- riod, and and are the on times of the switches and, respectively. As shown in Fig. 4(b), .0278-0046/04$20.00 © 2004 IEEEMATSUO et al.: CHARACTERISTICS

23、OF THE MULTIPLE-INPUT DC–DC CONVERTER 627TABLE I STATES OF BEHAVIORTABLE II OPERATION MODES AND STATE SEQUENCESFig. 4. Waveforms of driving signal in each mode, corresponding to Tables I and II. (a) Mode I. (b) Mode II.

24、(c) Mode III.Given the above assumptions, equivalent circuit models [3] of three states, except State 4 in Table I, are shown in Fig. 5. In this figure, the ideal transformer is used to represent the two- input dc–dc con

25、verter by the equivalent circuits with the same circuit topology. In Fig. 5, the input voltages and are normalized by the number of turns of the two primary windingsand of the reactor L. As a result, they are represented

26、 by and . The on-state and off-state of the andare represented by turns ratios of 1:1 and 1:0 in the ideal transformer, respectively. Similarly, the on-state and off-state of are represented by turns ratios of 1:1 and 0:

27、1 in the idealFig. 5. Equivalent circuits with ideal transformer, corresponding to Table I. (a) State 1. (b) State 2. (c) State 3.transformer, respectively. As shown in Table I, in State 1, is on, is off, and is off. In

28、this state, the current flows from to the primary winding of the reactor shown in Fig. 5(a). In State 2, is off, is on, and is off, and thenflowsfrom totheprimarywinding of shownin Fig. 5(b). In State 3, is off, is off,

29、and is on, and thereforeflowsfromthesecondarywindingof totheload connected with the output capacitor C in parallel. , , and are given by(1)(2)(3)where and are the internal resistances of and ,the series current-sensing r

30、esistance, and , , andthe internal resistance of the two input windings and an output winding of the reactor , respectively. Using the equivalent circuit models in Fig. 5, the continuous equivalent circuit models [4] ave

31、raged over a single switching period are derived as shown in Fig. 6 [see Appendix II], where represents the equivalent internal loss resistance and is given by(4)B. Steady-State CharacteristicsRemoving the ideal transfor