[雙語翻譯]財(cái)務(wù)規(guī)劃外文翻譯--性別對個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)規(guī)劃過程的影響

1、7300 英文單詞， 英文單詞，4 萬英文字符，中文 萬英文字符，中文 1.2 萬字 萬字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Stendardi E J, Graham J F, O’Reilly M. The impact of gender on the personal financial planning process: Should financial advisors tailor their process to the gender

2、 of the client?[J]. Humanomics, 2006, 22(4): 223-238.The impact of gender on the personal financial planning processShould financial advisors tailor their process to the gender of the client?Edward J. Stendardi and Judy

3、F. Graham ;Mary O’ReillyAbstractPurpose – To research the gender literature in order to determine whether it is advisable for a financial advisor to adjust their planning and advising processes based on the gender of the

4、ir client. Design/methodology/approach – To correlate the gender literature with the personal financial planning process in order to determine whether advisors should adjust their approach based on the gender of their cl

5、ient.Findings – The gender literature reveals significant differences concerning how men and women invest; consequently, it is felt that it is advisable for financial advisors to tailor their approach based on the gender

6、 of their client.Research limitations/implications – The financial planning process should be modified to incorporate the gender of the client.Practical implications – Financial advisors should tailor their approach to t

7、he gender of their clients in order to ideal with them more effectively.Originality/value – As female investors grow in importance, processes should be modified or adjusted in order to accommodated their preferences.Keyw

8、ords：Gender, Investors, Women, Personal financeIntroductionIt is widely recognized that women have been growing in financial importance in recent decades. In fact, Kover (1999) estimates that nine out of ten women will b

9、e in charge of their family’s finances at some point in their lives. Moreover, the impact of gender on financial decision-making in general and on the investment process specifically has been of increasing interest to bo

10、th researchers and practitioners. Hira and Mugenda (2000) state that an advisor needs to understand the factors that underlie a client’s financial behaviors before they can effectively advise them, and numerous studies h

11、ave shown that men and women think and behave differently when it comes to managing money. For example, Bernasek and Schwiff (2001) found in a regression study that gender was the most significant factor in explaining th

12、e percentage of pension assets invested in stock. However, to date there are no works that specifically address the role that client gender should play in the implementation of the personal financial planning process (he

13、reafter referred to as the PFP process) by financial planning professionals. The authors believe that effective financial advisors should consider tailoring the PFP process to the gender of the client in order to better

14、meet the client’s needs.The current work applies recent research regarding gender differences in the decision-making and investment areas to a commonly accepted PFP model. The authors also make specific recommendations c

15、oncerning how financial advisors should tailor this PFP process to more effectively meet the needs of both their male and female clients.Gender differences in financial decision-makingMany studies have shown that men and

16、 women interact with financial information and issues The selectivity model states that males and females select different cues from the environment when processing information. According to the selectivity model, males

17、often do not process all available information cues, but instead are highly selective in their information processing and use various heuristic devices that serve as surrogates for more comprehensive processing of inform

18、ation. These simplifying devices typically focus on the most dominant and highly available cue(s). In addition, males are less likely than females to process cues that are inconsistent with the cue or cues that they perc

19、eive as dominant, but rather are likely to select information cues that imply a single idea or inference. Thus, males are hypothesized to focus on highly available, dominant, often singular cues that eclipse detailed and

20、 inconsistent cues (Meyers-Levy, 1989).Conversely, females are hypothesized to more comprehensively process information such that they tend to consider more subtle cues along with those that are more focal and apparent.

21、Females attempt to assimilate all available cues by engaging in ‘‘effortful, comprehensive, itemized analysis of all available information’’ (Darley and Smith, 1995, p. 43). Although truly comprehensive processing of all

22、 available cues may not be possible due to restrictions imposed by the context of the task or basic human processing limitations, it is maintained by the selectivity model that the goal of the female information processo

23、r is comprehensive analysis of all available information rather than the use of heuristic devices. In summary, according to the selectivity model, males tend to focus on dominant information whereas females tend to more

24、comprehensively process the available information.A number of research studies support the notion that women more comprehensively process information than do men in the same task context (Banyamini et al., 2000; Darley a

25、nd Smith, 1995; Gilligan, 1982; Graham, 1994; Lenney et al., 1983; Pearsall et al., 1997; Poole, 1977). In fact, the propositions of the selectivity model are in concert with the characteristics attributed to female inve

26、stors in Peterson and Rosenberg’s (1996) Every Woman’s Guide to Financial Security. These authors characterize female investors as willing to seek and process more information related to financial investments. And as not

27、ed earlier, brokers characterize female investors as more detail oriented, tending to want to read more about and understand their investments better, asking more questions, and in general displaying a more holistic appr

28、oach to their investment decisions than male investors (Worley, 1998). Further, Smith (1999), in a study that focused on gender differences in the use of accounting information, noted research which implies that women ar

29、e ‘‘more proficient at integrating and deciphering signals from alternative, perhaps conflicting, sources’’ (p. 19).Gender differences and the PFP processIf indeed males and females tend to process financial information

30、differently, PFP professionals should be aware of these gender differences in information processing and how these differences may affect the processing of client communications and the resultant perceptions of specific

31、investment strategies. Smith (1999) points out that the presentation of financial and accounting information is based on the traditional, likely erroneous, assumption that this information will be processed similarly by

32、all those who use it, and urges researchers to address the differences in information use based on gender. The research that highlights gender differences in information processing represents an especially important issu