2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題(含答案詳解+作文范文)_第1頁
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1、Journal of Law, Technology 11 they are the “eStores.” As emphasized earlier, newer technology correlates to greater data collection and greater privacy concerns, and the consumer’s lack of knowledge about this collecti

2、on shifts the American shopper into the third wave of shopping space. 1. Brick and Mortar Stores Prior to the Wave of Online Shopping The biggest concern customers had in brick and mortar stores prior to the emergence o

3、f online shopping was when making their purchase at the point-of-sale. When a customer swipes a credit card at a reader to make a purchase, the machine reads the magnetic strip holding the customer’s personal informat

4、ion. The ease of fraudsters acquiring credit card data was most apparent to consumers in the wake of two major retailers being hacked.12 In November 2013, Target revealed that up to 110 million customers were affected

5、 by malware found from their point-of-sale devices giving unauthorized access to payment card data.13 Weeks later, Neiman Marcus acknowledged that 1.1 million of its customers were also affected by malicious software.

6、14 While data breaches are unfortunately common, the amount of damage done in these instances was unique because of the large number of people that were affected by these breaches. Courts have not always been sympathet

7、ic towards customers who have been involved in credit card hacks. Retailers have not been held liable if they complied with bank regulations on magnetic stripe data storage.15 However, amendments have been made to the l

8、aw to help protect consumers against potential data breaches. In 2003, the Fair Credit Reporting Act was amended to truncate credit and debit card numbers to 10. Id. 11. See Lawrence Lessig, Code 43 (Version 2.0 2006)

9、. 12. Byron Acohido, Timeline: Target, Neiman Marcus disclosures, USA TODAY (Feb. 6, 2014), http://www.usatoday.com/story/cybertruth/2014/01/23/timeline-target- neiman-marcus- disclosures/4799153/. 13. Id. 14. Id. 15.

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