[雙語翻譯]信貸風險外文翻譯—信貸風險管理策略及其對肯尼亞商業(yè)銀行績效的影響（原文）

1、Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1896 Credit Risk Management Strateg

2、ies and Their Impact on Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya Samuel Warui Mutua 1 this was then summarized, coded, tabulated and analyzed using both descriptive statistics and measures of variability with aid o

3、f SPSS package. Tables and graphs were used to present the data collected for ease of understanding and analysis. From the findings, the study concludes that credit risk management strategies including credit risk ra

4、ting risks, credit approval risks, portfolio management risks and security perfection risks positively affect performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Key words- Credit risk management practices, commercial banks 1.

5、 Introduction Credit risk refers to the potential for loss as a result of failure of counter party to meet their obligations of paying the financial institution according to the agreed terms. Credit exposures may aris

6、e from both banking and trading books. Management of credit risks requires a framework of well set out policies and procedures covering measurement and management of the credit risk (Barth et al, 2004).While fi

7、nancial institutions have faced difficulties over the years for a multitude of reasons, the major cause of serious banking problems continues to be directly related to lax credit standards for borrowers and counte

8、rparties, poor portfolio risk management, or a lack of attention to changes in economic or other circumstances that can lead to a deterioration in the credit standing of a bank’s counterparties. This experience is co

9、mmon in both the developed and developing countries. For most banks, loans are the largest and most obvious source of credit risk; however, other sources of credit risk exist throughout the activities of a bank, incl

10、uding in the banking book and in the trading book, and both on and off the balance sheet. Banks are increasingly facing credit risk (or counterparty risk) in various financial instruments other than loans, including

11、acceptances, interbank transactions, trade financing, foreign exchange transactions, financial futures, swaps, bonds, equities, options, and in the extension of commitments and guarantees, and the settlement of trans

12、actions. Each bank should develop a credit risk strategy or plan that establishes the objectives guiding the bank’s credit-granting activities and adopt the necessary policies and procedures for conducting such activ

13、ities. The credit risk strategy, as well as significant credit risk policies, should be approved and periodically (at least annually) reviewed by the board of directors. The board needs to recognize that Imperial Jour

14、nal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1898 risk perspectives. Ndwiga, (2010) and Chege

15、, (2010) both did a research to ascertain the relationship between credit risk management and the financial performance of MFIs in Kenya. A study on banking regulation and its adequacy in preventing banking failures,

16、 Obiero, (2002) found out that in the period running from 1984 – 2002, out of the 39 banks that had gone under during this period, 37.8% were mainly as a result of weak credit underwriting that effectively lead to bl

17、oated NPLs that in turn lead to loss of depositors funds and effective loss of investors and shareholders funds. The period from August 2015 to April 2016 witnessed 3 commercial banks in Kenya out of the 43 licensed

18、commercial banks representing 6.98% were either placed under statutory management or liquidation processes instituted. Amongst other reasons for their going under, poor credit decision making was cited that effective

19、ly lead to the bank’s undertaking unnecessary risk. For the financial period ending September 2016 in Kenya, the small peer banks recorded a gross NPL ratio of 12.3% whilst the industry overall industry recorded an

20、average of 10.3%. This is against the industry recommended average of 4%. As per the CBK quarterly review, poor credit underwriting was cited which was influenced by the aggressive objective of the various industry p

21、layers to grow their balance sheets at the expense of objective underwriting. There is no known study that has been done on strategic credit policies for risk management, thus knowledge gap. This study aims at est

22、ablishing the credit risk management used by commercial banks and how they affect performance of the commercial banks. This research study is motivated to bridge the gap by investigating credit risk management strat

23、egies employed by commercial banks, especially Tier III banks in Kenya and how this impacts on their financial performance. In the commercial banks, management of credit risk has caused bank losses in developing coun

24、tries, including Kenya. Effective credit risk management system minimizes the credit risk, hence the level of loan losses. 2.1 Theoretical Review 2.1.1. Liquidity Theory of Credit. This theory, first proposed by (Emery

25、, 2009), proposes that credit rationed firms use more trade credit than those with normal access to financial institutions. The central point of this notion is that when a firm is financially inhibited the offer of t

26、rade credit can make up for the decline of credit offer from lending institutions. In accord with this view, those firms presenting good liquidity or better access to capital markets can finance those that are credit

27、 rationed. Several methodologies have tried to obtain empirical confirmation in order to support this assumption. Nielsen (2012), using small firms as proxy for credit rationed firms, firms find that when there is li

28、quidity tightening in the economy, to ensure their sustainability, they are obligated to advance credit terms to their customers. As financially liberal firms are less likely to seek trade credit terms and more likel