[雙語翻譯]--外文翻譯---跨境電商本土化（原文）

1、iBusiness, 2016, 4, 136-145 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ib.2016.42016 Published Online June 2016 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ib) A Model of a Localized Cross-Border E-Commerce Abbas Asosheh1, Hadi Shahidi-Nejad2, Houri

2、eh Khodkari3 1Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Information Technology, Tarbiat Modares Uni- versity, Tehran, Iran; 3Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Ir

3、an. Email: {asosheh, shahidinejad}@modares.ac.ir, khodkari@ut.ac.ir Received February 25th, 2016; revised March 12th, 2016; accepted March 26th, 2016 ABSTRACT By the explosive growth of B2B e-commerce transactions in in

4、ternational supply chains and the rapid increase of busi- ness documents in Iran’s cross-border trading, effective management of trade processes over borders is vital in B2B e-commerce systems. Structure of the localize

5、d model in this paper is based on three major layers of a B2B e-commerce infrastructure, which are messaging layer, business process layer and content layer. For each of these layers proper standards and solutions are

6、chosen due to Iran’s e-commerce requirements. As it is needed to move smoothly towards electronic documents in Iran, UNedocs standard is suggested to support the contents of both paper and electronic documents. The ver

7、ification of the suggested model is done by presenting a four phase scenario through case study method. The localized model in this paper tries to make a strategic view of business documents exchange in trade proc- esse

8、s, and getting closer to the key target of regional single windows establishment in global trade e-supply chains. Keywords: E-Commerce; Cross-Border Trade; Electronic Document Management; International Supply Chain 1. In

9、troduction Electronic commerce is about buying and selling prod- ucts or services over electronic systems like internet and other networks. The term B2B (Business-to-Business) describes commerce transactions between b

10、usinesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer. In this paper the research fo- cus is on the communication between traders in two dif- ferent countries. Today one of

11、the main targets of the world trade organization is to establish regional single windows which can increase the trade facilitation in dif- ferent parts of world. Establishing a regional single win- dow needs cross bord

12、er gateways that can exchange trade documents efficiently. So first, the key necessity of managing the simplified documents over borders is to move toward national single windows. After that, the regional single wind

13、ows can authorize the communica- tion between countries. E-commerce models are studied based on the three major logical layers. These three layers are messaging layer, business process layer and content layer [1,2].

14、 Generally the localized model in this paper is a way to automate the process of exchanging trading documents. This can be a step through establishing the National sin- gle window of Iran and then with the more interop

15、erabil- ity between the East Asian and Middle Eastern countries a regional single window can be improved in the future. In this paper the second section is discussed basic concepts and standards required to introduce t

16、he cross- border B2B model in international supply chains. The third section is assigned to introduce the scope of the model and its components functionality in a big picture schema. The forth section discusses the m

17、odel localiza- tion over B2B transaction layers, and finally the paper in concluded. 2. Background In this section, besides, having a look at B2B e-com- merce in Iran, the background concepts such as standards and ref

18、erence models which are being used in localiza- tion of the B2B e-commerce cross border model are dis- cussed. 2.1. B2B E-Commerce in Iran Today the performance of the trade processes in Iran is a key trade success poi

19、nt. Iran has long borders with many of the countries in the region and its import and export processes can be done over road, rail, sea and air ways. So the central and strategic role of this country makes it a key t

20、rade point of goods transit in the Asia and Middle East region. Today, almost all of trade processes in Iran customs are done through paper forms, and the electronic services given by the ministry of commerce are res

21、tricted to the Copyright © 2016 SciRes. IB A Model of a Localized Cross-Border E-Commerce 138 Figure 2. Roles and use cases in the B

22、SP model [6]. the exchange process, leads to effective cross-border trade. Generally, the scope of the model in this paper is about international layer, so the main aim is to harmonize trading transaction in processes

23、 and content [7]. Based on the concept of data harmonization which is suggested in both sides of supply chain; proper standards and solutions in analyzing the model can be chosen. These standards have to support the

24、 cross border transac- tions. 3.2. Model Components The buy-ship-pay reference model discussed as a way to simplify the processes and eliminate unnecessary details of a trade scenario. UNedocs project is suggested to

25、clus- ter and manage different documents. These standards are introduced as solutions to go through the single window policy. First let’s have a high level view of the components of the system while a cross-border c

26、ommunication is hap- pening. In every side customs are placed which are lead- ing to the national single window of the country. The documents in the National format are entering to the translator module which is changi

27、ng the format of the documents to the standard UNedocs format [8]. Then it can go through a middleware to be declared more and finally the cross-border single windows is the last gate- way. Every country can use this

28、model form its own side to the exchange gateway (Figure 3). 3.3. Certificate Authentication in the Model The relationship between CAs in this model is designed according to the basic types of PKI interoperability mod-

29、els. Based on the Iran’s e-supply chain security require- ments, it is needed to support the certificate authority by using the benefits of a variety of different relationship topologies. The architecture which is sugg

30、ested here benefits the advantages of CA hierarchy model, certifi- cate trust list and bridge CA interoperability models. The benefits of this topology are: ? It will publish a trust list of national CAs. Those na- t

31、ional CAs can retrieve the list themselves and are free to add and subtract CAs from the list and repub- lish it to their government’s users according to their own national preferences. ? It may also publish trust lis

32、ts of CAs in particular sectors—for example, a list of CAs accredited to pro- vide health certificates. ? It will cross-certify with each national CA and make that certificate available to other CAs to perform their

33、own cross-certifications [9]. ? It will provide a certificate authority center for giving approval to messages and forms while transferring through layers of the cross-border model. As it is men- tioned above, the ben

34、efits of the hierarchy and modu- larity in this topology of CAs is improved Figure 4. 4. Model Localization over B2B Layers In this section the components of the model are being discussed over three different layers of

35、communication between B2B e-commerce systems. Each subsection shows the relationship between exporter, importer, cus- toms, regional single window and the National single Copyright © 2016 SciRes.