[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]--充電站選址外文翻譯--城市出租車充電站選址優(yōu)化（原文）

1、See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283450896Optimizing Charging Station Locations forUrban Taxi ProvidersARTICLE in TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PAR

2、T A POLICY AND PRACTICE · MARCH 2016Impact Factor: 2.79 · DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2016.01.014READS385 AUTHORS, INCLUDING:Johannes AsamerAIT Austrian Institute of Technology14 PUBLICATIONS 34 CITATIONS SEE PROFIL

3、EMario RuthmairUniversity of Vienna17 PUBLICATIONS 43 CITATIONS SEE PROFILEJakob PuchingerEcole Centrale Paris38 PUBLICATIONS 743 CITATIONS SEE PROFILEAvailable from: Jakob PuchingerRetrieved on: 03 March 2016Key

4、words: taxi, electric vehicles, charging infrastructure, optimization, maximal covering location problem1. IntroductionElectrification of vehicles is a viable way to achieve clean and efficient trans- portation. It helps

5、 to reduce dependency on oil, avoid tail pipe emissions, reduce carbon emissions and noise, and increase energy efficiency of transportation. Different types of (hybrid) electric vehicles are already available on the mar

6、- ket and charging infrastructure is going to be established or extended. Among electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have the highest potential for achieving clean transportation, since there are no tailpi

7、pe emissions or addi- tional weight due to an auxiliary combustion engine. Major drawbacks of pure electric vehicles are higher acquisition costs and limited driving ranges due to limited energy storage capabilities. Alt

8、hough BEVs have much lower driving ranges compared to ICEVs, this is not a problem when trips are below the maximum driving range. Therefore, taxi vehicles are considered as primary candidates for being replaced by BEVs:

9、 A high annual mileage accelerates the amortization of the BEV and almost all trips are far below the maximum driving range. Apart from economic and ecological advantages, BEVs as taxis will increase visibility of electr

10、ic mobility and thus encourage people in utilizing BEVs instead of ICEVs. In order to emphasize the suitability of BEVs as taxis, we analysed opera- tional data obtained from a taxi dispatch center. Positioning data of a

11、pprox- imately 800 taxi vehicles (currently ICEVs) from one radio taxi provider are used for analysing driving patterns and determining a virtual charging demand. According to Egbue and Long (2012) a proper charging infr

12、astructure is critical for the development of an electric vehicle system. In this study we present a method for placing a predefined limited number of charging stations (CSs) while maximizing the coverage of the estimate

13、d charging demand of taxi BEVs. To convince drivers and taxi enterprises to employ BEVs as taxis any nega- tive impact on daily taxi business has to be avoided. This might occur when the vehicle has to be charged and mea

14、nwhile is not able to accept a customer trip. Therefore, waiting times between consecutive customer trips should be used for charging. As in other cities, taxis in Vienna are allowed to use taxi stands when waiting for a

15、 customer. In this study we define the time difference between arriving and leaving the taxi stand as the time waiting for a customer. The number of charging operations should be kept as low as possible, because each tim

16、e the driver has to search for a CS and frequently plugging and unplugging to a CS is inconvenient. Moreover, to minimize downtimes of taxi BEVs the usage of fast charging stations is favoured. We aim to find locations f

17、or new fast CSs while also considering already existing fast CSs. Charging demand is determined based on a large amount of operational data and intermediate waiting times at taxi stands are used for charging. When search

18、ing for optimal locations, we select regions instead of certain taxi stands. For a region, it is up to an expert (or authority) to decide where to exactly place the CS inside the region. Therefore, the result of the opti