[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]---外文翻譯--市場(chǎng)機(jī)遇國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的文化產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)（原文）

1、Quarterly Bulletin from the Culture Statistics ProgramCatalogue no. 87-004-XIE Winter 2000 Vol. 12, No. 4In This Issue...Articles:Market opportunities: International trade of culturegoods and services 1Changing times f

2、or heritage institutions 8Provincial/territorial data:Performing arts 15Television viewing 15Market opportunities: International trade of culture goods and servicesBy Cindy Carter and Michel DurandCanada’s 2001 Speech fr

3、om the Throne outlined thesignificance of the nation’s culture in an increasinglyglobalized world. It recognized that the opening of newmarkets provides new outlets for Canadian culturalcommodities and services. Accord

4、ingly, the governmenthas made a commitment to advance Canadian cultureby providing Canadians and international audienceswith enhanced access to Canadian-made culture goodsand services. Key industry players believe that

5、globali-zation provides opportunities for Canadians to increaseculture exports, particularly in those niche marketswhere Canada is known to be competitive. As thedomestic market is small, the growth of internationaltrad

6、e is fundamental if Canadian companies are tocompete over the long term. Government policy worksto ensure that Canadian culture goods and services,which reflect a community with ancestral roots inalmost every country in

7、 the world, will also appeal to agrowing international audience.While culture goods and services are highly marketablecommodities, the globalization of culture also accen-tuates Canada’s traditional concerns about foreig

8、ncontent and foreign control of the domestic market-place. Just as expanded international trade opens newmarkets for Canadian goods, it increases our exposureto the culture wares of other countries. Consequently,the fo

9、cus of new cultural policies, as found in theSpeech from the Throne, is on excellence in the creativeprocess, the creation of diverse Canadian content andimproved access to the arts and heritage for allCanadians. Canadi

10、an creators (artists, writers, andperformers) are called upon to promote Canadiancreativity across all media.The international context for trade in cultural goodsAccording to the United Nations Educational, Scientificand

11、 Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute forStatistics, world trade in cultural goods rose from $47.8billion (U.S.) in 1980 to $213.7 billion (U.S.) in 1998(from $12 per capita in 1980 to $45 in 1997).1 In 1998,culture

12、 goods exports exceeded imports in developing1 UNESCO Institute for Statistics, International Flows of Selected Cultural Goods, 1980-98: Executive Summary, p. 4.Focus on Culture, Vol. 12 No. 4Statistics Canada – Catalogu

13、e no. 87-004 3a sense of what we stand for, and anappreciation of our culture. The recentinternational success enjoyed by theculture sector can be attributed to anumber of factors: maturing culturalindustries, exception

14、al performancesby creative and performing artists,increased marketing and promotionefforts, growing private and publicsector partnerships and, generally, adynamic international trade environ-ment. The result is that, ov

15、er thepast ten years or so, the Canadiancultural sector, in particular the filmand video production sector, hasfinally been able to make substantialinroads into foreign markets.The domestic market for culture pro-duction

16、 is small and segmented;increased penetration of foreignmarkets is critical if the Canadiansector is to become more viable. Infact, the development of niche mar-kets is one approach that has beensuccessful for other tra

17、ding partnersand some Canadian companies haveworked to replicate the approach. Tensof thousands of jobs (an estimated 5%to 10% of culture jobs) are sustainedby exporting activities. The sectorsmost influenced by export

18、-basedemployment in 1997-98 were the filmand video production sector (38% ofall jobs) and post-production andlaboratory services (41% of all jobs)5.The North American Free TradeAgreement (NAFTA), the EuropeanUnion (EU) a

19、nd the alliance of Asiancountries offer new outlets for Cana-dian cultural products and services.Exports, which are assuming anincreasing share of Gross DomesticProduct (GDP), now appear to be themajor engine of growth f

20、or the culturesector. In effect, the value of exportedculture commodities, services andintellectual property reached approxi-mately $4.5 billion in 2000. Thisrepresents a 38.4% increase over1996 (table 1).6United State

21、s still our biggest export marketWhile Canada trades with virtually allcountries, certain markets haveproven to be more welcoming thanothers for the culture sector. TheUnited States overwhelmingly conti-nues to be our m

22、ost important exportmarket for all cultural products andservices. In fact, according toUNESCO, the United States is thenumber one importer of culture goods7in the world.In 2000, the North American regioncaptured a whopp

23、ing 94% of Canada’sculture commodity exports (a value of$2.22 billion), a 9.4% increase inTable 1Exports of culture commodities and services increasing faster than imports but Canada still has a trade deficitCulture net

24、trade position 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 % change: 1996 to 2000millions (current $) Exports Commodities 1,597 1,588 1,857 2,129 2,353 47.3 Culture services and IP 1,636 1,916 1,884 2,009 2,120 29.6 Total exports 3,233 3,5

25、03 3,741 4,139 4,473 38.4Imports Commodities 4,091 4,626 4,455 4,718 4,794 17.2 Culture services and IP 2,042 2,083 2,514 2,681 2,729 33.6 Total imports 6,133 6,709 6,969 7,399 7,523 22.7Net trade position Commodities -2

26、,494 -3,038 -2,598 -2,589 -2,441 -2.1 Culture services and IP -406 -168 -630 -672 -609 50.0 Total net trade position -2,900 -3,206 -3,228 -3,261 -3,050 5.2Trade ratios Import / Export 1.90:1 1.92:1 1.86:1 1.79:1 1.68:1 -

27、11.3 Export / Import 0.53:1 0.52:1 0.54:1 0.56:1 0.59:1 12.8Note: Totals may not add due to rounding Source: Statistics Canada, Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics Division.5 Statistics Canada. The F

28、ilm, Video and Audio-visual Survey, 1997-98 and the Survey of Laboratory and Post- Production Services, 1997-98.6 Year after year, substantial increases in our exports have been reported, but it is only by adding up the