所有重要的高中化學(xué)方程式匯總

1、1高中化學(xué)專題之二高中化學(xué)專題之二高中高中化學(xué)方程式化學(xué)方程式一、非金屬單質(zhì)一、非金屬單質(zhì)（F2，Cl2O2SN2PCSi，H）1、氧化性：F2H2===2HF(陰暗處爆炸)F2Xe(過量)==XeF22F2(過量)Xe==XeF4(XeF4是強(qiáng)氧化劑，能將Mn2氧化為MnO4–)nF22M===2MFn(M表示大部分金屬)2F22H2O===4HFO2(水是還原劑)2F22NaOH===2NaFOF2H2OF22NaCl===2NaF

2、Cl2F22NaBr===2NaFBr2F22NaI===2NaFI27F2(過量)I2===2IF7F2Cl2(等體積)===2ClF(ClF屬于類鹵素：ClFH2O==HFHClO)3F2(過量)Cl2===2ClF3(ClF33H2O==3HFHClO3)Cl2H22HCl(將H2在Cl2點(diǎn)燃；混合點(diǎn)燃、加熱、光照發(fā)生爆炸)3Cl22P2PCl3Cl2PCl3PCl5Cl22Na2NaCl3Cl22Fe2FeCl3Cl2CuCuC

3、l2Cl22FeCl2===2FeCl3(在水溶液中：Cl22Fe2===2Fe33Cl)?Cl22NaBr===2NaClBr2Cl22Br=2ClBr2??Cl22KI===2KClI2Cl22I=2ClI2??3Cl2(過量)2KI3H2O===6HClKIO33Cl2I–3H2O=6H6Cl–IO3–5Cl2I26H2O===2HIO310HCl5Cl2I26H2O=10Cl–IO3–12HCl2Na2S===2NaClS↓Cl

4、2S2–=2Cl–S↓Cl2H2S===2HClS↓(水溶液中：Cl2H2S=2H2Cl–S↓Cl2SO22H2O===H2SO42HClCl2SO22H2O=4HSO42–2Cl–Cl2H2O2===2HClO2Cl2H2O2=2HCl–O22O23FeFe3O4O2K===KO2SH2H2S2SCCS2SZnZnSSFeFeS(既能由單質(zhì)制取，又能由離子制取)S2CuCu2S(只能由單質(zhì)制取，不能由離子制取)3S2AlAl2S3(只

5、能由單質(zhì)制取，不能由離子制取)N23H2催化劑高溫高壓2NH3N23MgMg3N2N23CaCa3N2N23BaBa3N2N26Na2Na3NN26K2K3NN26Rb2Rb3NN22Al2AlNP46H24PH3P3NaNa3P2P3ZnZn3P2H22Li2LiH2、還原性SO2SO2SH2SO4(濃)3SO2↑2H2OS6HNO3(濃)H2SO46NO2↑2H2OS4H6==6NO2↑2H2O24SO3S4HNO3(稀)3SO24

6、NO↑2H2O3S4H43SO24NO?3NO↑2H2ON2O22NO32Al3FeOAl2O33Fe2Al6HCl===2AlCl33H2↑2Al6H=2Al33H2↑2Al3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)33H2↑2Al6H=2Al33H2↑2Al6H2SO4(濃)===Al2(SO4)33SO26H2O(AlFe在冷濃的H2SO4HNO3中鈍化)Al4HNO3(稀)===Al(NO3)3NO↑2H2OAl4HNO3–=Al3NO

7、↑2H2O2Al2NaOH2H2O===2NaAlO23H2↑2Al2OH–2H2O=2AlO2–3H2↑2Fe3Br2===2FeBr33Fe2O2Fe3O42FeO22FeO(煉鋼過程)FeI2FeI2FeSFeS(FeS既能由單質(zhì)制備，又能由離子制備)3Fe4H2O(g)Fe3O44H2↑Fe2HCl===FeCl2H2↑Fe2H=Fe2H2↑FeCuCl2===FeCl2CuFeCu2=Fe2Cu↓FeSnCl4===FeCl2

8、SnCl2(鐵在酸性環(huán)境下不能把四氯化錫完全還原為單質(zhì)錫FeSnCl2==FeCl2Sn↓FeSn2=Fe2Sn↓三非金屬氫化物三非金屬氫化物(HFHClH2OH2SNH3)金屬氫化物(NaH)1、還原性:4HCl(濃)MnO2MnCl2Cl2↑2H2O4H2Cl–MnO2Mn2Cl2↑2H2O4HCl(濃)PbO2PbCl2Cl2↑2H2O4H2Cl–PbO2Pb2Cl2↑2H2O4HCl(g)O22Cl22H2O16HCl2KMnO

9、4===2KCl2MnCl25Cl2↑8H2O16H10Cl2MnO4–=2Mn25Cl2↑8H2O6HClKClO3==KCl3Cl2↑3H2O6H5Cl–ClO3–=3Cl2↑3H2O14HClK2Cr2O7===2KCl2CrCl33Cl2↑7H2O14H6Cl–Cr2O72–=2Cr35Cl2↑7H2O2H2O2F2===4HFO22HClF2=2HFCl2(F2氣與HCl、HBr、HI、H2S、NH3氣體不能共存)2HBrCl

10、2=2HClBr2(Cl2氣與HBr、HI、H2S、NH3氣體不能共存)2H2S3O2(足量)2SO22H2O2H2SO2(少量)2S↓2H2O2H2SSO2===3S↓2H2OH2SH2SO4(濃)===S↓SO2↑2H2O3H2S2HNO3(稀)===3S↓2NO↑4H2O3H2S2H2NO3–=3S↓2NO↑4H2O5H2S2KMnO43H2SO4===2MnSO4K2SO45S↓8H2O5H2S2MnO4–6H=2Mn25S↓8

11、H2O3H2SK2Cr2O74H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3K2SO43S↓7H2O3H2SCr2O72–8H===2Cr33S↓7H2OH2S4Na2O22H2O===Na2SO46NaOHH2S4Na2O22H2O=8Na?24SO?OH2NH33CuO3CuN23H2O2NH33Cl2===N26HCl8NH33Cl2===N26NH4ClNH3NaNO2HCl==NaClN2↑2H2ONH3NO2–H=N2↑2H2O4NH3