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1、,商務(wù)合同文本翻譯,講解:朱美玲制作:唐娟資料:奚艷程,,什么是商務(wù)合同自然人或法人為實現(xiàn)一定的商務(wù)目的,按照法律程序達成的規(guī) 定相互權(quán)利和義務(wù)的契約。商務(wù)合同通常采用合同書或者書面合同形式。無論采用何種書面形式,由于合同具有法律效力,合同雙方必 須嚴格按照合同的約定,全面履行合同義務(wù),這就需要對合同 的文字斟詞酌句,力求準確無誤。,前 言,,目 錄,合同的組成部分(1)合同標題(2)合同前言(3)合同
2、正文(4)結(jié)尾條款,商務(wù)合同的語言特點,,5.,商務(wù)合同是具有法律效力的正式文件,因此,在商務(wù)合同中,用詞確切是第一要旨。準確、嚴謹?shù)暮贤Z言既可以避免產(chǎn)生誤解和歧義,又可以明確和保證合同各方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。在翻譯過程中,要達到措辭精確的效果,1.格式化This contract, made and entered into in ___________ (place of signature) the (this/on), ____
3、______, (date) __________, (year) by and between ___________ (name of one party), a corporation duly organize and existing under the laws of _________ (name of country) with its domicile at __________ (address) (hereinaf
4、ter called Party A), and _____________ (name of the other party), a company incorporated and existing under the laws of _________ (name of country) with its domicile at __________ (address) (hereinafter called Party B).,
5、本合同于_________ 年 _________ 月 _________ 日在_________(簽約地點)依_________(國家名稱)法律成立的、營業(yè)地點在_________(公司地址)的公司(以下簡稱甲方)和按_________(國家名稱)法律注冊成立、營業(yè)地點在(公司地址)的公司(以下簡稱乙方)共同簽訂。,2.莊重性[例1] 原文:An allowance on the basis of 2% of the sales p
6、rice for each unit shall be calculated and deducted from the purchase price pro rata.譯文:補貼應(yīng)按每單位售價的2%計算并從購價中按比例扣除。[例2] 原文:Where a wholly foreign-owned enterprise is a limited liability company, the foreign investor shal
7、l be liable to the enterprise within the limit of the capital subscribed by it.譯文:外資企業(yè)為有限責(zé)任公司的,外國投資者對企業(yè)的責(zé)任以其認繳出資額為限。,3.嚴謹性[例] 原文:Total value:US $ 5,400,000.00 (Say: US Dollars FIVE MILLION FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND ONLY)譯
8、文1:總價:5,400,000.00美元譯文2:總價:5,400,000.00美元(大寫:伍佰肆拾萬美元整),4.同一性和一致性[例] 原文:保稅區(qū)的減免稅貨物、保稅貨物的監(jiān)管手續(xù)費,應(yīng)當(dāng)按照《中華人民共和國海關(guān)對進口減稅、免稅和保稅貨物征收海關(guān)監(jiān)管手續(xù)費的辦法》辦理。譯文:The Customs supervising fees on the import goods granted with duty reduction an
9、d exemption and that on the goods in bond shall be collected in accordance with the Customs Regulations of the People’s Republic of China Governing the Collection of Customs Supervising Fees on Import Goods Granted with
10、Duty Reduction or Exemption and Bonded Goods.,5.準確性[例1]原文:In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.譯文1:如果質(zhì)量不符,買方應(yīng)在貨物到達目
11、的港之后30天內(nèi)提出。譯文2:買方提出索賠,凡屬品質(zhì)異議,應(yīng)于貨物到達目的港之日起30日內(nèi)提出。,返回,商務(wù)合同的翻譯技巧,翻譯技巧,1)使用專門術(shù)語,合同語言是法律語言,它和口頭語言有明顯區(qū)別。比如:accept 在通常情況下可譯為“接受”,但在商務(wù)合同中,該詞常譯為“承兌”。又比如:“At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send an engineer to assist Pa
12、rty B to maintain the equipment”,在這句話中,顯然“assist”一詞比“help”更準確、正式。,2)使用古(舊)體詞匯,合同中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)由here/there/where + 各種介詞所構(gòu)成的古(舊)體詞匯,其中here相當(dāng)于this,there相當(dāng)于that,where相當(dāng)于which或what。例如:herein的意思等于in this,hereafter等于after this,thereof等于
13、of that,whereby等于by which。使用這些詞語能夠使合同的行文顯得正式、準確、簡潔。 商務(wù)英語中常見的古體詞還包括:hereafter ,therefore ,whereas ,hereby ,hereinafter / herein below ,thereinbefore ,thereinafter ,hereof ,herewith , thereafter , thereon/ thereupon,there
14、under,hereto,hereinabove / hereinbefore 等。,3) 同義詞疊用,為了克服由于許多英語詞匯一詞多義的特點而導(dǎo)致對合同的不同解釋,在合同中對于一些關(guān)鍵性的詞常采同義詞疊用法,通過雙聯(lián)詞組或三聯(lián)詞組的使用,確保合同在內(nèi)容上表意精確。例如:made and entered into(簽訂協(xié)議),by and between(強調(diào)合同是由“雙方”簽訂),complaints and claims(索賠),f
15、ulfill or perform(履行),power and authority(權(quán)利)、bind and obligate(約束)、sole and exclusive(唯一的)、final and conclusive(最終的)等,返回,典型長句結(jié)構(gòu)及其譯法,1.簡單長句及其翻譯,原文:The Buyers may, 1)within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destin
16、ation, lodge a claim against the sellers 2)for short weight 3)being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.譯文:貨物抵達目的港15天內(nèi),買方可以憑有信譽的公共檢驗員出示的檢驗證明向賣方提出短重索賠。,解析:,例句的主干為“The Buyers may...lo
17、dge a claim...”,修飾謂語動詞的狀語有三個,分別為時間狀語“within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination”,方式狀語“being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor”和原因狀語“for short weight”,而且狀語中還嵌有狀語,作
18、定語的過去分詞“issued”還有自己的狀語“by a reputable public surveyor”。盡管在英語中的狀語位置可以十分靈活,然而按照漢語的行文規(guī)范,方式狀語一般應(yīng)位于動詞之前;而有些狀語在譯文中可以靈活處理,例如本句中的時間狀語,可以提前至句首。,2.復(fù)合長句及其翻譯,原文:Should one of the parties to the contract be prevented from executing c
19、ontract by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon, flood, fire, and war and other unforeseen events, and their happening and consequences are unpreventable and unavoidable, the prevented party shall notify the other
20、party by cable or fax without any delay, and within fifteen days thereafter provide the detailed information of the events and a valid document for evidence issued by the relevant public notary organization for explainin
21、g the reason of its inability to execute or delay the execution of all or part of the contract.譯文:由于如地震、臺風(fēng)、水災(zāi)、火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭以及其他不能預(yù)見并且對其發(fā)生和后果不能防止或避免的不可抗力事件,影響任何一方履行合同時,遇有不可抗力的一方,應(yīng)立即用電報、傳真通知對方,并應(yīng)在15天內(nèi)提供不可抗力詳情及合同不能履行或者部分不能履行,或者需要延
22、期履行的理由的有效證明文件,此項證明文件應(yīng)由不可抗力發(fā)生地區(qū)的公證機構(gòu)出具。,解析:,這句話修飾語較多,其眾多的從屬成分甚至使其主線也淹沒其中。在引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)條件句中,為了表意縝密,使用了一些并列結(jié)構(gòu),如“by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon, flood, fire, and war, and other unforeseen events; unpreventable and un
23、avoidable”。而主句中也對遇有不可抗力一方的通知義務(wù)在方式、期限、有效證明文件的出具期限、出具機構(gòu)等幾個方面進行了界定。翻譯時應(yīng)首先從紛雜的結(jié)構(gòu)中把主要線索理出來(例句中下劃線部分),確定各個內(nèi)容成分之間的關(guān)系,把握語義,調(diào)整語序,然后才能譯出表述妥帖,語義通順的譯文。,3.并列長句及其翻譯,原文:The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for com
24、pensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after reinsertion by
25、 the China Commodity Inspection Bureau (CCIB) and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short weight within60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, should t
26、he weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after reinsertion by the CCIB.譯文:若貨物經(jīng)中國商品檢驗局復(fù)檢后發(fā)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量與本合同之規(guī)定不符,買方有權(quán)于貨物抵達目的港后的60天內(nèi)向賣方提出索賠。若經(jīng)中國商品檢驗局復(fù)檢發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物質(zhì)量與提單所示重量不符,買方有權(quán)于貨物抵達目的港后的60天內(nèi)向賣方提出短重
27、索賠。,解析:,這句話由兩個結(jié)構(gòu)相同的并列分句組成,均為主句在前,條件狀語在后,兩個條件狀語中都含有時間狀語。此外,兩個并列分句中也都含有時間狀語,均為“within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination”,在譯成中文時,條件狀語應(yīng)分別置于主句之前,而所有的時間狀語均放在各自修飾的動詞的前面。同時,為了符合漢語句式較短的特點,可以將兩個并列分句斷開,采
28、用拆譯法分解成兩個單句。,返回,In order to improve the English level of the staff of_____ (hereinafter referred to as the “Company" as one part)&
29、#160;invite Mr. XX (hereinafter referred to as the "Teacher" as the other party) to teach oral English courses. On the b
30、asis of friendly negotiation, both parties enter into this invitation agreement:Article 1 Effectiveness of the AgreementThe Agreement shal
31、l come into force automatically as of the signature date of this Agreement.Article 2 Term of InvitationTerm of invitation shall&
32、#160;be ____ .Article 3 Schedule of CoursesThe courses shall be arranged with the following schedule,3.1 2 courses per week, each
33、60;course costs 90 minutes.3.2 For each week, the courses is allocated toMonday ___: ___Thursday ___: ___Article 4 Duties of the
34、60;Two Parties4.1 The Teacher shall perform in a diligent manner, including:a. Formulate and provide a systematically teaching course
35、s with reference books;b. Recommend tapes if they are conducive to improve listening and speaking English.4.2 The Company shall&
36、#160;provide teaching room and pay salary to the Teacher in accordance with Article 5.Article 5 SalaryDuring the term of invitat
37、ion, the Company shall pay the Teacher an after tax salary at RMB_____ per course at the end of each teaching month
38、 (each 4 courses over).Article 6 TerminationThis Agreement shall automatically terminate, without notice by either party to the
39、other, when it expires. If one party wishes to extend this Agreement, he shall notify the other party two weeks before the
40、60;termination day of this Agreement.,為了提高員工英文水平,北京XX公司(下稱“公司”)聘請XX先生(下稱“教師”)作為英文教師教授口語。經(jīng)雙方友好協(xié)商,達成以下聘任協(xié)議:1、合同效力本合同自雙方簽字后自動生效。2、聘任期六個月3、課程安排課程按以下計劃安排3.1 每周兩次,每次90分鐘。3.2 每周課程具體時間是: 周一 ____:____
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