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1、APPENDIXA:AUDIOSUnitOneChapter1Anthropology:TheEvolutionofHumanEndeavAnthropology:TheStudyofHumanBeingsTheirCreationsoA.ientationListeningTheGreekwdf“man“is“anthropos“thewdanthropologyhasbeenintheEnglishlanguagefcenturie
2、s.ButjustwhatdoesthewdmeanLiterallyanthropologymeans“thestudyofman.“HoweverasBritishphilosopherAlfredNthWhiteheadnoted“Itisawellfoundedhisticalgeneralizationthatthelastthingtobediscoveredinanyscienceiswhatthescienceisrea
3、llyabout.“asPaulBohannanrenownedanthropologistpointedoutanumberofyearsago“Eachsciencethatdealswithpeoplehasitsowndefinitionsofhuman.AnEconomist“heexplains“definesahumanasachoicemakinganimal.Philosophersdefinemanasaration
4、alizinganimal....“Anthropologyattemptstobeallinclusivethestudyofhumanbehaviinallplacesthroughouttime.Itspecializesinthedeionofhumanisticscientificbiologicalhisticalpsychologicalsocialviewsofhumans.ToparaphraseBarbaraMill
5、ersstatementinhertextbookCulturalAnthropologythepopularimpressionofanthropologyisbasedmainlyonmoviestelevisionshowsthatdepictanthropologistsasadventurersheroes.SomedohaveadventuresdiscovertreasuresinEgyptiantombselsewher
6、ebutmostlytheirwkislessglamousinvolvesrepetitivetediousactivities.Untilaroundthedleofthenieenthcenturyanthropologywasatermusedfallhumanists.Mylecturetodayexplainsthefieldsbranchesofanthropology.Weregoingtobeginbystatingt
7、hatanthropologyisthestudyofhumanbehaviinallplacesatalltimes.Westerncivilizationtakescreditfthedevelopmentofanthropologywhichasamatteroffactwasarelativelylatescience.EarlierGreekRomanphilosophersweremeinterestedinspeculat
8、ingabouttheidealsocietyratherthandescribingthoseknowntothem.AftertheonsetoftheAgeofExplationwhichincludedthediscoveryoftheAmericasaswellastraveltootherdistantplacesthestudyofnonWesternpeoplebeganinearnest.Inmoderndayanth
9、ropologyisarecognizedsocialsciencewithtwobroadfieldsseveralbranchessubfields.Thetwobroadfieldsarephysicalanthropologyculturalanthropology.Letmegiveyouabriefdeionofeach.Physicalanthropologyisconcernedwiththedevelopmentofm
10、anasamammal.Relatedsubjectsareanatomybiologypaleontology.Physicalanthropologistsstudytheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Onewaytheycurats.Butfthepastseveraldecadeslargenumbersof“anthro“graduateshavebeenemployedinfieldssuchasur
11、banplanningadministrationhealthcareinternationaldevelopment.Mostimptantisthatalthoughanthropologistshavetakenupthetaskofdocumentingtheprocesseschangesofculturespastpresenttheyalsoprovidethenecessaryinsightsintowherethehu
12、manspeciesisheading.AUDIOS133Chapter1Anthropology:TheStudyofHumanBeingsTheirCreationsoB.ListeningNotetakingTheGreekwdf“man“is“anthropos“thewdanthropologyhasbeenintheEnglishlanguagefcenturies.ButjustwhatdoesthewdmeanLiter
13、allyanthropologymeans“thestudyofman.“HoweverasBritishphilosopherAlfredNthWhiteheadnoted“Itisawellfoundedhisticalgeneralizationthatthelastthingtobediscoveredinanyscienceiswhatthescienceisreallyabout.“asPaulBohannanrenowne
14、danthropologistpointedoutanumberofyearsago“Eachsciencethatdealswithpeoplehasitsowndefinitionsofhuman.AnEconomist“heexplains“definesahumanasachoicemakinganimal.Philosophersdefinemanasarationalizinganimal....“Anthropologya
15、ttemptstobeallinclusivethestudyofhumanbehaviinallplacesthroughouttime.Itspecializesinthedeionofhumanisticscientificbiologicalhisticalpsychologicalsocialviewsofhumans.Letsreviewsomeoftheinfmationyoujustheardtohelpyouwithy
16、ournotetaking.Checkyournotesfillinanyinfmationyoudidnthavetimetotakedownthefirsttimeyouheardit.Ifyoudidntgetachancetowritedownallthatyouwantedtowritedowndidyouatleastmakesomenotationssothatyoucouldreviewthenoteslatercomp
17、letethemissinginfmation.Letssee.ThelecturerbeganwiththeGreekwdfman.Didyougetthespellingofanthropos!Itsantbtopos.Sowhatisthemeaningofanthropology!Literallyitisthestudyofman.WhatwasthenameoftheBritishphilosopher!Didyougeth
18、isfullname!AlfredNthWhitehead.Whatwashismessageaboutscience!Hesaidthelastthingtobediscoveredinanyscienceiswhatitisreallyabout.IsPaulBohannanaphysicalsocialanthropologist!Yourecrectifyouwrotesocial.Nowletsreturntothelectu
19、re.ToparaphraseBarbaraMillersstatementinhertextbookCulturalAnthropologythepopularimpressionofanthropologyisbasedmainlyonmoviestelevisionshowsthatdepictanthropologistsasadventurersheroes.Somedohaveadventuresdiscovertreasu
20、resinEgyptiantombselsewherebutmostlytheirwkislessglamousinvolvesrepetitivetediousactivities.Untilaroundthedleofthenieenthcenturyanthropologywasatermusedfallhumanists.Mylecturetodayexplainsthefieldsbranchesofanthropology.
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