2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、AutomaticTransmissionThemodernautomatictransmissionisbyfarthemostcomplicatedmechanicalcomponentintoday’sautomobile.Itisatypeoftransmissionthatsiftsitself.Afluidcouplingtqueconverterisusedinsteadofamanuallyoperatedclutcht

2、oconnectthetransmissiontotheengine.Therearetwobasictypesofautomatictransmissionbasedonwhetherthevehicleisrearwheeldrivefrontwheeldrive.Onarearwheeldrivecarthetransmissionisusuallymountedtothebackoftheengineislocatedunder

3、thehumpinthecenterofthefloboardalongsidethegaspedalposition.Adriveshaftconnectsthetransmissiontothefinaldrivewhichislocatedintherearaxleisusedtosendpowertotherearwheels.Powerflowonthissystemissimplestraightfwardgoingfrom

4、theenginethroughthetqueconverterthentroughthetransmissiondriveshaftuntilitreachesthefinaldrivewhereitissplitsenttothetworeartransmission.Onafrontwheeldrivecarthetransmissionisusuallycombinedwiththefinaldrivetofmwhatiscal

5、ledatransaxle.Theengineonafrontwheeldrivecarisusuallymountedsidewaysinthecarwiththetransaxletuckedunderitonthesideoftheenginefacingtherearofthecar.Frontaxlesareconnecteddirectlytothetransaxleprovidepowertofrontwheels.Int

6、hisexamplepowerfloesfromtheenginethroughthetqueconvertertoalargerchainthatsendsthepowerthrougha180degreeturntothetransmissionthatisalongsidetheengine.Fromtherethepowerisroutedthroughthetransmissiontothefinaldrivewhereiti

7、ssplitsenttothetwofrontwheelsthroughthedriveaxles.Thereareanumberofotherarrangementsincludingfrontdrivevehicleswheretheengineismountedfronttobackinsteadofsidewaysthereareothersystemsthatdriveallfourwheelsbutthetwosystems

8、describedherearebyfarthemostpopular.Amuchlesspopularrearisconnectedbyadriveshafttothetqueconverterwhichisstillmountedontheengine.ThissystemisfoundonthenewCvetteisusedindertobalancetheweightevenlybetweenthefrontrearwheels

9、fimprovedperfmancehling.Anotherreardrivesystemmountseverythingtheenginetransmissionfinaldriveintherear.ThisrearenginearrangementispopularonthePsche.Themodernautomatictransmissionconsistsofmanycomponentssystemsthatdesigne

10、dtowktogetherinasymphonyofplaarygearsetsthehydraulicsystemsealsgasketsthetqueconverterthegovernthemodulatthrottlecablecomputercontrolsthathasevolvedovertheyearsintowhatmanymechanicalinclinedindividualsconsidertobeanartfr

11、om.Heretrytousedsimplegenericexplanationwherepossibletodescribethesesystems.reasonfthisisthatinDriveonewayclutchisusedwhereasinLowaclutchpackabisused.4）TqueConverterOnautomatictransmissionthetqueconvertertakestheplaceoft

12、heclutchfoundonstardshiftvehicles.Itistheretoallowtheenginetocontinuerunningwhenthevehiclecomestoastop.Thedifferencewithatqueconverteristhatinsteadofusingairitusedoiltransmissionfluidtobemeprecise.Atqueconverterisalagerd

13、oughnutshapeddevicethatismountedbetweentheenginethetransmission.Itconsistsofthreeinternalelementsthatwktogethertotransmitpowertothetransmission.ThethreeelementsofthetqueconverterarethepumptheTurbinetheStat.Thepumpismount

14、eddirectlytothetquehousingwhichinturnisbolteddirectlytotheengine’scrankshaftturnsatenginespeed.Theturbineisinsidethehousingisconnecteddirectlytotheinputshaftofthetransmissionprovidingpowertomovethevehicle.Thestatismounte

15、dtoaonewayclutchsothatitcanspinfreelyinonedirectionbutnotintheother.Eachofthethreeelementshasfinsmountedinthemtopreciselydirecttheflowofoilthroughtheconverter.Withtheenginerunningtransmissionfluidispulledintothepumpsecti

16、onispushedoutwardbycentrifugalfceuntilitreachestheturbinesectionwhichstarsitrunning.Thefluidcontinuesinacircularmotionbacktowardsthecenteroftheturbinewhereitentersthestat.Iftheturbineismovingconsiderablyslowerthanthepump

17、thefluidwillmakecontactwiththefrontofthestatfinswhichpushthestatintotheonewayclutchpreventitfromturning.Withthestatstoppedthefluidisdirectedbythestatfinstoreenterthepumpata“help”angleprovidingatqueincrease.Asthespeedofth

18、eturbinecatchesupwiththepumpthefluidstartshittingthestatbladesonthebacksidecausingthestattoturninthesamedirectionasthepumpturbine.Asthespeedincreaseallthreeelementsbegintoturnatapproximatelythesamespeed.Sinethe‘80sindert

19、oimprovefueleconomytqueconvertershavebeenequippedwithalockupclutchwhichlockstheturbinetothepumpasthevehiclereachesapproximately4050mph.Thislockupiscontrolledbycomputerusuallywon’tengageunlessthetransmissionisin3rd4thgear

20、.5）HydraulicSystemThehydraulicsystemisacomplexmazeofpassagetubesthatsendsthatsendstransmissionfluidunderpressuretoallpartsofthetransmissiontqueconverter.Transmissionfluidservesanumberofpurposeincluding:shiftcontrolgenera

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