財務(wù)報告體系【外文翻譯】

1、外文翻譯ThefinancialreptingMaterialSource:wanfangAuth:WallmanAnunderstingoftheconceptualbasesofthefinancialofthereptingsystemofthepreparationoffinancialstatementsareessentialprerequisitestofinancialanalysis.Cpatemanagementis

2、suesfinancialstatementsisresponsibleftheirfmcontent.Itismanagementthatsaccountingmethodscompilesaccountingdatapreparethefinancialstatements.Fsmallercompaniesauditsmaycarryoutptionsofthepreparationwk.Theaccountingprocessf

3、inancialreptingsystemwhichgeneratesfinancialinfmationfexternalusersencompassesfiveprincipalfinancialstatements:1.Balancesheet(statementoffinancialposition)2.Incomestatement(statementofearings)3.Statementofcomprehensivein

4、come4.Statementofcashflows5.Statementofstockholders’equityThesefivefinancialstatementbyfootnotessupplementarydataareinterrelated.Collectivelytheyareintendedtoproviderelevantreliabletimelyinfmationessentialtomakinginvestm

5、entcreditsimilardecisionsthusmeetingtheobjectivesoffinancialrepting.Anexampleisthe1999financialstatementsofPfizercontainedintheCDaccompanyingthetext.Financialstatementsprovideinfmationabouttheassetsliabilitiesincomecashf

6、lowsstockholders’equityofthefirm.Theeffectsoftransactionsothereventsarerecdedintheappropriatefinancialstatement(s).Theincomestatementreptsrevenuesexpensesgainslosses.Thebalancesheetshowsassetsliabilitiesstockholders’equi

7、tythestatementofstockholders’equityreptscapitaltransactionswithowners.Thestatementofcomprehensiveincomereptschangesincertainbalancesheetaccountsthatbypasstheincomestatement.Thestatementofcashflowsincludesoperatinginvesti

8、ngfinancinginflowsoutflows.ManytransactionsarereflectedinmethanonestatementsothattheentireSECfunctionsasahighlyeffectiveenfcementmechanismfstardspromulgatedintheprivatesect.Asstatedabovewhilefinancialreptingstardsaredeve

9、lopedprimarilyintheprivatesecttheSECoftenaugmentstheFASB’wk.FexampletheSECmatedmanagementDiscussionAnalysis(MD&A)provideshelpfulinfmationregardingpastoperatingresultscurrentfinancialposition.Insuchareasassegmentdatalease

10、stheeffectsofchangingpricesdisclosureofoilgasreservesSECrequireddisclosuresprecededFASBaction.AuditedfinancialstatementsrelatedfootnotessupplementarydataarepresentedinbothannualreptssenttostockholdersthosefiledwiththeSEC

11、.TheSECfilingsoftencontainothervaluableinfmationnotpresentedinstockholderreptsExhibit11containsalistingofSECrequiredfilings.QuarterlyfinancialreptsSEC10Qfilingsbothofwhichcontainabbreviatedfinancialstatementsmaybereviewe

12、dbyauditsbutarerarelyaudited.AstheSECreviewsthefinancialstatementsofpubliccompaniesthosewishingtoissuesecuritiesintheU.S.capitalmarketsitsviewsonproperfinancialreptingcarrygreatweight.ItpromulgatestheseviewsthroughStaffA

13、ccountingBulletins(SAB)throughparticipationintheFASB’sEmergingIssuesTaskFce(seenextsection)aswellasthroughthereviewprocessenfcementactions.SABSEITFsarediscussedwhereappropriatethroughoutthistext.Financialreptingrequireme

14、ntsinEuropedifferfromthoseintheUnitesStateothercountriesbecauseofdifferencesintheireconomicrelevanceoflocalcommerciallawtothedevelopmentofreptingstardscomparativeimptanceofcapitalmarketsbanksasasourceoffinancingthedegree

15、towhichtaxlawsinfluencefinancialrepting.BecauseoftheirdesiretoaccessothercapitalmarketsanumberofEuropeanmultinationalfirmshaveadoptedeitherU.Sstards(DaimleradoptedU.S.GAAPevenbefeitmergedwithChrysler)IASBGAAP.Despiteocca

16、sionaltalkabout“EuropeanGAAP，”culturaldifferencestheexistenceoftheIASBmodelsuggestthatlargeEuropeancompanieswillcontinuetogravitatetowardeitherU.S.IASBstardsdependingontheoutcomeoftheSECdecisionconcerningtheacceptability