基于波特模型的波多黎各的國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力分析【外文翻譯】

1、1本科畢業(yè)論文英文文獻(xiàn)本科畢業(yè)論文英文文獻(xiàn)出處：處：JournalofGlobalCompetitiveness原文：文：TheInternationalCompetitivenessofPuertoRicoUsingthePter’sModelLuzLeydaVegaRosadoEXECUTIVESUMMARYThispaperisdividedinfiveparts.Theintroductionestablishestheimpt

2、anceofcountrycompetitivenessespeciallyftheeconomyofPuertoRicoasmalleconomyintheCaribbean.Thesecondpartincludesthetheeticalframe.Thethirdpartdescribesexplainsthemethodologyuseddevelopedin1990byMichaelE.PterfromtheHarvardB

3、usinessSchool.ThefourthpartincludesthetenindustriesthatkeepcompetitivenessinPuertoRicoftheyears19871992199720012002accdinglytothemethodologyananalysisofthePter’sDiamondoneachindustry.Thefifthpartincludestheconclusionsrec

4、ommendations.Keywds:PuertoRicoCaribbeanCompetitivenessClustersIndustry.INTRODUCTIONAcountry’scompetitivenessmustbeexaminedbefeitcanbesuccessfullyintroducedintotheinternationalmarketglobalizedeconomyofourtime.Befesuccessf

5、ullycompetingataninternationallevelitisnecessarytoknowwhereacountry’scompetitivenesslies.Thistopicisfrequentlydiscussednotonlybydevelopedcountriesbutalsobydevelopingcountries.AccdingtoDr.MichaelE.Pter(1990)oftheHarvardBu

6、sinessSchool“competitivenesshasbecomeacentralpreoccupationofbothadvanceddevelopingcountriesinanincreasinglyopenintegratedwldeconomy.”1Therefedeterminingacountry’scompetitivenessisofgreatimptancewhetheritisbigsmall.Puerto

7、Rico(PR)isanislknownfitsprivilegedlocationbetweentheAtlantic3inputs.”5“Competitivenessisnotnaturallyendowedbutisingoodmeasuremanmadetherefepartlymanageablebythepublicsect.Theglobalizationofbusinessfurtherincreasestheneed

8、fpositiveinteractionofmarketfcesstateaction.”6Atthemicrolevelsomeresearchersdefinecompetitivenessas“theabilityofthefirmtheindustrytoaccomplishbestperfmanceintermsofprofitsincomparisonwithitscompetits.”7Thisstudyisaboutth

9、ecompetitivenessofPuertoRicotheindustriesthatmakethatpossibleattheinternationallevel.Therearedifferentapproachesdesignedtomeasurethecompetitivenessofcountriesitsindustries.SomeofthemareusedbytheWldEconomicFumintheiryearl

10、ypublicationtheGlobalCompetitivenessRept.Onespecificmethodologyusedtomeasurethecompetitivenessofthecountriesisthepreparationofclustertsofcompetitiveindustries.Thisisthemethodusedinthisstudy.Themeasuresused“seektoproxythe

11、existenceoftruecompetitiveadvantageininternationaltermsinanindustry.”8Pterusedthismethodin1990tomeasurethecompetitivenessoftenindustrializedcountries.HisstudywasthebasefthefamousbookTheCompetitiveAdvantageofNations.Thecl

12、ustersaregeographicconcentrationsoffirmsindustriesthatcompetecollabatearecomplementaryinterdependent.Theydobusinesswitheachotherhavecommonnecessitiesoftalenttechnologyinfrastructure(FisherReuber2000).TheGermaneconomistAl

13、bertHirschmanwhostudiesattheSbonneattheLondonBusinessSchoolatTriesteUniversitywasin1958thepioneerinthebusinessclustersconceptanalyzingtheties(bothbackwardfward)betweenindustries.Asmanytiesasoneindustryhaswithothersinthes

14、amesectinsidetheclusterthemesuccessfulitwillbe.Pter(1990)establishesthatthecompetitiveadvantageofindustriesisdeterminedbyfourfactsthatarepartofthecountryinwhichtheindustryislocated.ThesefactsarecalledthePter’sDiamond(Pte

15、r1990).“TheDiamondcreatesanenvironmentthatpromotestheclustersofcompetitiveindustries.”9ThePter’sDiamond(1990)includesthefollowingdeterminants:factconditions(humanresourcesnaturalresourcescapitalinfrastructure)demconditio