剪式小型舉升機機械設備課程畢業(yè)設計外文文獻翻譯@中英文翻譯@外文翻譯

1、<p>　　中國地質大學長城學院</p><p>　　本科畢業(yè)設計外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　系 別： 工程技術系 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 機械設計制造及其自動化 </p><p>　　姓 名： 王寧寧 </p><p&g

2、t;　　學 號： 05211607 </p><p>　　2015 年 4 月 1 日</p><p><b>　　外文翻譯原文</b></p><p>　　Scissor life</p><p>　　In today's society rapid development,

3、some companies in the process of work to help, you need to use lifting machine. Lifters began using the invention of the United States in 1925, development has been through a lot of changes and improvements, types and de

4、velopment to a lot of kinds, generally has the pillar type and scissors, the drive mode with mechanical drive, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic transmission, etc. This design is from the generation and development of li

5、fting machine, and int</p><p>　　The direction of the lifting machine design choice</p><p>　　Now we can see most of the lifting machine most fixed installation. Portable lifting machine but we al

6、so have several successful design, such as traction type lifting machine, shear fork lift machine, etc. The prominent nature of this type of lifting machine advantage is good flexibility, can open at any time to repair t

7、he field service, easy to use, which make full use of its advantages. Because now lifting machine more fixed, so we consider the development and use of portable lifting machine, </p><p>　　Until now we have t

8、he potential of the lifting machine for the development and utilization of the many ways, but there is still a developing widely and use efficiency is not high enough. Lifting machine, however, is when is now one of the

9、essential equipment of many industries, is also one of the indispensable accessories on many large machinery in the future, thus promote our better to study about the structure of it, to improve, so as to extend the serv

10、ice life of the equipment and improve the</p><p>　　The history of lifting machine</p><p>　　Lifting machine in the world already had 70 years of history. Production in the United States in 1925 t

11、he first car lifting machine, it is a kind of controlled by pneumatic lifting machine, single column due to the use of air pressure is low, and block; Using leather to seal at the same time, thus when compressed air driv

12、en bounce and serious instability. Until ten years later, in 1935 the single-column lifting machine is adopted in other parts of the outside of the United States.</p><p>　　In 1966, a German company produced

13、the first double column lifting machine, this is another breakthrough in the design of the lifting machine, but it was not until 1977 the lifting machine in other countries outside Germany. Now double column lifting mach

14、ine in the market to occupy a strong position, its sales still continues to grow. It compared with the four pillars of elevator, has both advantages and disadvantages as well as, the following will make a brief descripti

15、on.</p><p>　　We see the vast majority of the lifting machine adopt fixed installation. Before lifting the car must be on the lifting machine. In terms of portable lifting machine also has several successful

16、design, such as scissors lifting machine, diamond frame lifting machine, etc. But this kind of lifting machine there are still two major issues, close to the car bottom is difficult; In the workshop mobile lifting machin

17、e difficult to overcome the obstacles on the ground. Mobility is, of course, this kind</p><p>　　Lifting machine design requirements</p><p>　　Design before you determine the basic situation of pr

18、oduct design, to develop basic scheme according to the design requirement. The following is a list of the design - the scissors hydraulic lifting platform of some basic requirements:</p><p>　　1) overview of

19、the host: it is mainly used for the repair and maintenance of the crane is of workshop maintenance personnel;</p><p>　　2) main lifting and falling of lifting movement, speed is slow, small hydraulic impact;&

20、lt;/p><p>　　3) the maximum load of 0.3 tons, with double hydraulic cylinder control connection combination fork lever mechanism. Maximum lifting height 15 meters;</p><p>　　4) movement stability and

21、 security needs better;</p><p>　　5) artificial control operation, button start control lift;</p><p>　　6) working environment requirement: should not be in the sand on the ground floor, plank bri

22、ck plate and so on more than a solid ground, not in the ground of the slope or potholes, should not be operated in excessive cold outside;</p><p>　　7) reliable performance, low cost, easy to move, without ot

23、her auxiliary function and special function;</p><p>　　Lifting machine safeguards</p><p>　　Use the maintenance of safety assurance measures involving range is very wide, including lifting machine

24、 have the preparing work before use, for example, the bracket, the closing of the door, and seat belt is lie. Despite the lifting machine has a history of 70 years of development, but its design principle and little chan

25、ge; If neglecting safety requirements, the overload use, still can cause serious accident, even casualties accident. So security problem must has drawn great attention of using</p><p>　　(1) the lifting machi

26、ne lift platform lifting operations, working mesa should guarantee the horizontal and vertical strut fork group keep vertical state.</p><p>　　(2) when working outside, wind more than 5 is strictly prohibited

27、. Platform in the process of lifting, all personnel are strictly prohibited to climb.</p><p>　　(3) leg brace, ascending and descending homework; Platform after rising, before back to the original height, mob

28、ile is prohibited.</p><p>　　(4) use is strictly prohibited in the process of super high platform, overload operation; Platform in the process of the cargo lift, goods cannot be moved; Platform manned in the

29、process of the rise and fall, not moving and shaking.</p><p>　　(5) the hydraulic oil should be kept clean, shall not be mixed with water and other impurities.</p><p>　　(6) when the platform malf

30、unction cannot work normally, should be promptly cut off the power supply.</p><p>　　(7) equipment are in need of repair, the platform should be rising prison rear can run.</p><p>　　With the char

31、acteristics of the hydraulic system</p><p>　　1) in order to prevent the bedplate load weight down, the system adopts sealing good hydraulic controlled check valve self-locking;</p><p>　　2) in or

32、der to make weight down smoothly, USES the one-way speed regulating valve control of motor speed, less noise;</p><p>　　3) the system doesn't gesture, unloading directly, saving energy consumption;</p&

33、gt;<p>　　4) to make the lifting platform structure is more compact, the ease of installation and maintenance of superimposed components, hydraulic system, a unified arrangement within hydraulic station;</p>

34、<p>　　5) in order to prevent accident in work safety accidents, the system USES a pipeline rupture protection valve installed on the cylinder inferior vena inlet connection, once a line or other part of the pipelin

35、e suddenly burst, loose connection, pressure or the abnormal out-of-control speeding down counter, it can according to the differential pressure automatically cut off oil, prevent falling accidents, protect the equipment

36、 and personal safety;</p><p>　　6) in addition, on the electrical control, at the edge of lift platform setting limit switch, bedplate rise, once rose to the limit of maximum height, limit switch signal, unlo

37、ading to ensure that the compulsory system bedplate rise to the right height.</p><p>　　Hydraulic pressure source selection</p><p>　　The working medium of hydraulic system completely provided by

38、the hydraulic source, hydraulic source is the core of hydraulic pump. Without other auxiliary oil source, under the condition of the hydraulic pump oil should be greater than the need of system of oil, excess oil through

39、 the overflow valve back to tank, develop and stable oil source pressure relief valve at the same time. Volumetric speed control system mostly with variable pump, oil pressure relief valve caps on system. To save energ&l

40、t;/p><p>　　Lifting machine bedplate</p><p>　　Counter located in the upper lifting platform, is part of the support member. However, in order to secure our installed in the bedplate security fence,

41、ensure staff is in a relatively safe environment. The counter here is not a simple steel plate, but in the following ways, because the lifting platform fork lever arm on the pulley, the track's role is to make the pu

42、lley sliding back and forth within the ramp, the lifting platform lifting and falling movement. Under the floor. These parameters ac</p><p>　　The three kinds of structure of lifting machines</p><p

43、>　　Vertical fixed shear fork structure, hydraulic cylinder stroke is equal to the lifting platform stroke, the overall structure of large size, and the spherical hinge processing load, less in actual application.</

44、p><p>　　Level fixed fork scissors mechanism, through the analysis and calculation, the platform lifting stroke is greater than the hydraulic cylinder stroke, can achieve rapid control in the process of applicat

45、ion the purpose of the elevator, but the shortcoming is the role of the piston rod under transverse force, affect the service life of seals. And the piston rod on the load force platform of load force is larger than it a

46、ctually is. So practical and rarely used.</p><p>　　Two hinged shear fork structure to avoid the above shortcomings. Structure is reasonable, the platform of movements itinerary can achieve hydraulic cylinder

47、 stroke more than two times. Therefore, gradually has been widely used in engineering practice. This design is the key of double hinged shear fork structure analysis, in this paper.</p><p><b>　　外文翻譯譯文&

48、lt;/b></p><p><b>　　剪式小型舉升機</b></p><p>　　當今社會高速發(fā)展，一些企業(yè)在工作過程中都需要使用舉升機來幫助，。舉升機自從1925年美國發(fā)明開始使用，發(fā)展至今已經經歷了很多的變化和改進，種類也發(fā)展到了很多種，一般有柱式和剪式，其驅動方式有機械傳動，液壓傳動，氣壓傳動等。本次設計就是從舉升機的產生、發(fā)展以及制造工藝改進等方面進

49、行介紹。</p><p>　　舉升機設計的方向選擇</p><p>　　目前我們所見到的絕大多數(shù)的舉升機大多數(shù)采用固定式安裝。殊不知在移動式舉升機方面我們也有幾項成功的設計，如牽引式舉升機、剪叉式舉升機等。這類舉升機的突出性優(yōu)點是靈活性好，可以隨時開到維修現(xiàn)場進行服務，用起來很方便，這充分利用了它的優(yōu)點。由于現(xiàn)在舉升機多采用固定式，因此我們考慮到對移動式舉升機的開發(fā)和利用，設計了這臺剪式舉

50、升機。</p><p>　　直到現(xiàn)在我們對舉升機的潛能進行了很多方面的開發(fā)利用，但是依然存在開發(fā)不夠廣泛和利用效率不高的缺陷。然而，舉升機是當現(xiàn)很多行業(yè)的必要設備之一，也是將來很多大型機械上必不可少的配件之一，因此促進我們對它的結構更好地去研究，去改進，從而延長了設備的使用壽命和提高設備的性能。目前為止，我國的舉升機制造技術已經發(fā)生了些質的飛越，技術也是越俞來俞成熟，舉升設備亦被廣泛的應用在各個領域，為我國的經濟

51、和社會發(fā)展做出了不可替代的貢獻。</p><p><b>　　舉升機的發(fā)展史</b></p><p>　　舉升機在世界上已經有了70年歷史。1925年在美國生產的第一臺汽車舉升機，它是一種由氣動控制的單柱舉升機，由于當時采用的氣壓較低，因而缸體較大；同時采用皮革進行密封，因而壓縮空氣驅動時的彈跳嚴重且又不穩(wěn)定。直到10年以后，即1935年這種單柱舉升機才在美國以外的其

52、它地方開始采用。 </p><p>　　1966年，一家德國公司生產出第一臺雙柱舉升機，這是舉升機設計上的又一突破性進展，但是直到1977這種舉升機才在德國以外的其它國家出現(xiàn)。現(xiàn)在雙柱舉升機在市場上以占據(jù)牢固的地位，其銷量還在持續(xù)增長。它和四柱舉升機相比，既有優(yōu)點，也有缺點，以下將作一簡要說明。 </p><p>　　我們所見到的絕大多數(shù)舉升機均采用固定安裝方式。在舉升前汽車必須駛上舉

53、升機。在移動式舉升機方面也有幾項成功設計，如剪式舉升機、菱架式舉升機等。但這類舉升機仍存在兩個主要問題，接近汽車下部較難；在車間移動舉升機時難逾越地面上的障礙物。當然，可移動性是這類舉升機的突出優(yōu)點?，F(xiàn)在固定安裝的單柱、雙柱、四柱舉升機已在維修現(xiàn)場廣泛采用，而移動式舉升機卻相對要少得多。</p><p><b>　　舉升機設計要求</b></p><p>　　設計之前

54、先確定設計產品的基本情況，再根據(jù)設計要求制定基本方案。以下列出了本設計——剪式液壓升降臺的一些基本要求： </p><p>　　1) 主機的概況：主要用于維修人員對車間的吊車的維修和保養(yǎng);</p><p>　　2) 主要完成起升與下降重物的動作，速度較緩，液壓沖擊?。?lt;/p><p>　　3) 最大載荷量定為0.3噸，采用雙液壓缸控制聯(lián)接組合叉桿機構進行升降。最大起

55、升高度15米； </p><p>　　4) 運動平穩(wěn)性和安全性需要較好； </p><p>　　5) 人工控制操作，按鈕啟動控制升降； </p><p>　　6) 工作環(huán)境要求：不宜在多沙石地面、木板磚板地面等非牢固地面進行操作，不宜在有坡度或有坑洼的地面進行操作，不宜在過度寒冷的室外進行操作； </p><p>　　7) 性能可靠，成本

56、低廉，便于移動，無其他附屬功能及特殊功能； </p><p><b>　　舉升機安全保障措施</b></p><p>　　使用維護方面的安全保證措施涉及的范圍很廣，其中舉升機有使用前的準備工作，例如支撐臂的展開，安全門的關閉，還有安全帶的配系。盡管舉升機的發(fā)展已有70年的歷史，但其設計原理并無多大改變;如果忽視安全要求，超載使用，仍然會造成嚴重的事故，甚至發(fā)生傷亡事故

57、。因此安全問題一定要引起使用單位和操作人員的高度重視。這里僅就使用維護舉升機時應當注意的事項進行說明。 </p><p>　?。?）舉升機升降平臺升降作業(yè)時，工作臺面應保證水平及支桿叉架組縱向保持垂直狀態(tài)。</p><p>　　（2）室外作業(yè)時，風力超過5級時嚴禁使用；平臺在升降過程中，嚴禁一切人員攀爬。 </p><p>　　（3）支腿未撐牢，禁止升、降作業(yè)；

58、平臺在升起后，回落到原始高度之前，禁止移動。 </p><p>　?。?）平臺使用過程中嚴禁超高，超負荷運行；平臺載物升降過程中，貨物不得移動；平臺載人升、降過程中，不得走動、晃動。</p><p>　?。?）液壓油應保持清潔，不得混入水和其它雜質。</p><p>　?。?）當平臺出現(xiàn)故障無法正常工作時，應及時切斷動力源。</p><p&

59、gt;　?。?）設備需要維修時，應將平臺升起頂牢后方可運行。</p><p><b>　　液壓系統(tǒng)具有的特點</b></p><p>　　1) 為防止臺板載荷重物下移, 系統(tǒng)采用密封性良好的液控單向閥自鎖；</p><p>　　2) 為使重物能平穩(wěn)下降,采用單向調速閥調速, 噪聲更??； </p><p>　　3) 系統(tǒng)不

60、動作時, 直接卸載, 節(jié)約能耗； </p><p>　　4) 為使升降臺結構更緊湊, 采用便于安裝和維護的疊加元件，液壓系統(tǒng)元件統(tǒng)一布置在液壓站內； </p><p>　　5) 為防止臺板在工作中意外安全事故的發(fā)生, 系統(tǒng)采用了管道破裂保護閥安裝在缸下腔進油口接頭上, 一旦管路或其他部分發(fā)生管道突然爆破、接頭松動、泄壓或臺板出現(xiàn)異常失控超速下墜時, 它能根據(jù)壓差自動切斷油路, 防止發(fā)生

61、墜落事故, 保護設備和人身安全； </p><p>　　6) 另外, 在電氣控制上, 在升降平臺下緣設置限位開關,臺板上升時, 一旦升至所限定的最大高度, 限位開關發(fā)出電信號, 強制系統(tǒng)卸載以確保臺板上升到合適的高度。</p><p><b>　　液壓源的選擇</b></p><p>　　液壓系統(tǒng)的工作介質完全由液壓源提供，液壓源的核心是液壓

62、泵。在無其他輔助油源的情況下，液壓泵的供油量要大于系統(tǒng)的需油量，多余的油經過溢流閥回油箱，溢流閥同時起到開展并穩(wěn)定油源壓力的作用。容積調速系統(tǒng)多數(shù)是用變量泵供油，用安全閥限定系統(tǒng)的最高壓力。為節(jié)省能源并提高效率，液壓泵的供油量要盡量與系統(tǒng)所需流量相匹配。對在工作循環(huán)各階段中系統(tǒng)所需油量相差較大的情況下，則采用多泵供油或變量泵供油。對于本設計，由于工作周期短，循環(huán)次數(shù)少，供油量可以適當減少以節(jié)省能源，采用單泵供油即可，不需蓄能器儲存能量。

63、對于油液的凈化：油液的凈化裝置在液壓源中是必不可少的。一般泵的入口要裝有粗濾油器，進入系統(tǒng)的油液根據(jù)被保護元件的要求，通過相應的精濾油器再次過濾。為防止系統(tǒng)中雜質流回油箱，可在回油路上設置磁過濾或其他形式的濾油器。根據(jù)液壓設備所處環(huán)境及對溫升的要求，還要考慮加熱、冷卻等措施。</p><p><b>　　舉升機的臺板</b></p><p>　　臺板位于升降臺的最上部

64、，是支撐件的組成部分。然而為了安全我們在臺板上安裝了安全護欄，確保使用人員處于一個相對安全感的環(huán)境中。這里的臺板并不是一個簡單的鋼板，而是在下面有滑道，因為升降臺叉桿臂上有滑輪，滑道的作用就是使滑輪在滑道內來回滑動，使升降臺完成舉升和回落動作。下底板也如此。根據(jù)舉升重量和升降高度這些參數(shù)，確定臺板的長度為2800mm，寬度1500mm，材料采用3個厚的花紋板。叉桿是升降臺最主要的舉升部件，是主要的受力機構。對其設計的成功與否關系到整個設

65、計工作的成敗，選材45號鋼，160*80的無縫方管。</p><p><b>　　舉升機的三種結構</b></p><p>　　直立固定剪叉式結構，液壓缸的行程等于平臺的升降行程，整體結構尺寸龐大，且球鉸鏈加工負載，在實際種應用較少。 </p><p>　　水平固定剪叉式機構，通過分析計算可知，平臺的升降行程大于液壓缸的行程，在應用過程中可以