電氣畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--電力系統(tǒng)通信蓄電池電源的檢測(cè)與維護(hù)解決方案

1、<p><b>　　英文原文：</b></p><p>　　Power system communication power supply test and maintenance of the battery solution</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　In a

2、large number of data experiments and field application, and on the basis of the telecom room in the power the power of common common problems are analyzed and discussed, from, testing and maintenance of real-time monitor

3、ing system safety, and put forward a set of complete solutions.</p><p>　　Keywords: battery group; Power source; Detection; maintenance</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　The electric po

4、wer communication system center room equipped with a large amount of storage battery installation, on the communications department.The operation of the electric power systems and support, spare play an important role. B

5、ut in the maintenance process, or will often meet many problems, a detailed analysis of the below.</p><p>　　1. The battery power supply condition and analyzes the reasons</p><p>　　We for large c

6、ommunication machine. Room on the actual test, to the battery power supply system for the comprehensive study, found that many rooms, communications equipment have low load capacity battery, system reliability of the poo

7、r, in here are two groups of data about battery problems:</p><p>　　A. battery service life for the design of the general 8-1 O years, and statistical data show that the battery life ideal circumstances can a

8、chieve 4-6 years, generally can not meet the design demand, a large number of telecommunication room used less than 3 years (some two years) appear behind battery, part of the battery even scrapped;</p><p>　

9、　B. 2010 years urumqi power bureau telecommunication room data show that because the battery electric power communication power supply fault from accidents accounted for 35%, in recent years the data interface rapidly, t

10、he ratio has risen to 7%.</p><p>　　Two sets of data to show that the problem is more serious battery, the battery power supply of security and reliability have a serious threat, investigate its reason, mainl

11、y in the following nine aspects:</p><p>　　1.1 battery design process quality</p><p>　　The battery design process exists plate technology design, material design, oxygen composite design, the pre

12、ssure set</p><p>　　A comprehensive plan defect, make a battery performance and life have been affected, main performance for battery failure, early leakage water loss, deformation cracks, etc.</p><

13、;p>　　For simple ascending battery capacity, will the battery plate thin, and increase the number plate, makes the same volume of the casing electrolyte reaction area greatly increased, capacity improve soon, but becau

14、se thin plate, plate easily corrosion, softening battery, service life and therefore greatly shorten, easy to produce the early failure problems.</p><p>　　Because of the low pressure setting, charge once to

15、a certain pressure, control valves will be open</p><p>　　Rev., gas is through the valve were leaked, cause the battery fluid loss (usually in a hole or a column valve will find a slightly damp near the liqui

16、d), this kind of battery also easy to produce the early failure, valve pressure design and material also has a direct relationship between the shell.</p><p>　　Due to shell material, oxygen composite efficien

17、cy, valve design pressure, and other comprehensive technology lack, some batteries in the process of charging and discharging pool, easy to produce the shell deformation, beat even crack.</p><p>　　1.2 the in

18、fluence of the operation environment</p><p>　　Running environment is the main room temperature on battery life influence is bigger, in 25 ℃ environment conditions</p><p>　　, the environmental av

19、erage temperature increase every 10 ℃, battery life is reduced by half. Northwest temperature changes greatly (a 30 ℃ a + 55 ~ C), the substation telecommunication room less equipped with air conditioner, thermal perform

20、ance is poor, temperature on battery life form directly influence.</p><p>　　1.3 operation mode and installation method</p><p>　　Battery packs are generally more battery series into a group, two

21、groups of parallel operation. Site often</p><p>　　Found in the internal battery, article connection (board) corner of battery performance generally have slightly worse, the main reason is the article connect

22、ion too long (other connection is the article 5 a l0 times) and the materials of the contact resistance caused too large, lead to the connection of pressure drop article is too big, in the process of charging and dischar

23、ging, will seriously affect peripheral battery charging and discharging effect, this kind of problem should be avoided.</p><p>　　1.4 the quality of power supply and load design problem</p><p>　　

24、The telecom room is located in remote general transformer substation, often without power and the battery in frequent charged, and discharge status, the serious influence battery life. Computer room load relative to the

25、battery capacity are slants small, such as the actual load for 30 A, communications equipment configuration of battery capacity is commonly two groups of 300 Ah, the utility after interrupting, storage battery will to ti

26、ny current began to discharge, and small discharge current g</p><p>　　1.5 professional testing methods and lack of equipment</p><p>　　In the discharge detection, due to lack of monomer detection

27、 equipment protection functions, therefore, in discharge only by the group when voltage observation, combined with manual measuring for inspection. Find a 1.8 v battery, immediately suspend test. This way low efficiency,

28、 safety all the sex differences, to the battery can't form an effective protection.</p><p>　　The battery characteristic parameters are mainly embodied in the voltage, resistance and capacity, the convent

29、ional detection method mainly measuring voltage, observe the shell signs, check the bolt tightness etc. So that only some representations to the parameter, and cannot master's important! Parameters such as resistance

30、, capacity, etc.</p><p>　　1.6 charger, discharge management system is not perfect</p><p>　　Recharging problems mainly involves to charge cycle, all are charging pressure, flow, all are charging

31、filling time,</p><p>　　All filling conversion control, float temperature compensation of detailed regulations.</p><p>　　Some maintenance personnel to improve battery charging efficiency, improve

32、d charging voltage, and increase the charging current, leading to increased pressure, then combined low efficiency, the battery to dehydrate, are plate bar corrosion. With this several years of battery management know de

33、eply, related problems reduce gradually, but for this problem or must cause enough attention to main pay attention to the following three points: one is the charge can't charge high pressure, even with are </p>

34、<p>　　2. Testing and maintenance program</p><p>　　2.1 replacement has serious degradation the battery packs, strengthen the selection of the battery</p><p>　　To find Bi can have depth deg

35、radation and a serious threat to the security of the battery power supply system</p><p>　　Groups should be early change, and strengthen the battery technology selection. Process quality problem is the focus

36、of the selection consider battery, the battery can be based on standard, battery makers to raise specific technical requirements, such as of the materials, valve pressure., plate thickness, quantity, voltage, resistance

37、Sui, balanced equilibrium characteristics, oxygen composite efficiency, water loss rate, for through the acceptance test can detect project, must conduct test on t</p><p>　　Vrla batteries for production tech

38、nology is strict, at present domestic battery life</p><p>　　Manufacturers in the more than 300, all sorts of technology of handicraft is various, the proposal is in before purchase, the battery rigorous scre

39、ening, as far as possible choice complete production equipment, strong technical force, service facilities, perfect brand enterprise. ,</p><p>　　2.2 strengthen early battery test, improve battery support abi

40、lity of put into operation</p><p>　　At the beginning of the storage battery check is a very important testing link, the battery technology standards</p><p>　　In early to check the battery has a

41、clear request, the engine room of the electric power communication battery installation, run and maintenance and management is of important significance. For the specific requirements of the early battery check is: batte

42、ries before put into operation, the first first check sex discharge, its capacity should be not less than 95%, after the completion of the discharge to the battery charge; Filled, a quiet place 1-2 h, make a second check

43、 sex discharge, after th</p><p>　　2.3 maintenance change ideas, strengthen the battery power supply of professional monitoring management</p><p>　　Professional centralized monitoring system in t

44、he traditional monitoring system based on the function, increase the storage of electricity</p><p>　　Pool monomer battery voltage, resistance and check test functions, the more the earth played a monitoring

45、management functions, improve the maintenance efficiency.</p><p>　　Implementing specialized monitoring, and other installation common monitoring or not pack monitoring communications equipment phase</p>

46、;<p>　　Than, the power supply rate reduced greatly, found that the problem is timely, ensure the safety and reliability of the telecom room improved.</p><p>　　2.4 configuration diesel generators, stre

47、ngthen intelligent control management, ensure that electric power communication security</p><p>　　The battery electric power communication communications equipment is necessary short time dc power, and diese

48、l generator</p><p>　　Machine is long time plays the role of communication standby power. Most of the communications are no spare room wood</p><p>　　Oil generator, can increase the small diesel g

49、enerator configuration.</p><p>　　Considering the maintenance workload is big, shortage of personnel, vehicles and equipment and turnover nervous the actual problem, can not intelligent diesel generator incre

50、ase intelligent control system, in the utility power lost, the utility is unstable, the phase lack, owe pressure, pressure and so on many kinds of conditions, can be automatically start diesel generator, and to switch in

51、to power network operation.</p><p>　　For the operation of the diesel generator maintenance and management, should also together with battery, into the professional centralized monitoring system, so that in t

52、ime control system of power the battery operation parameters and working state.</p><p><b>　　中文翻譯：</b></p><p>　　電力系統(tǒng)通信蓄電池電源的檢測(cè)與維護(hù)解決方案</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p

53、><p>　　在大量的數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)電力通信機(jī)房電源普遍存在的共同性問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析和探討，從檢測(cè)維護(hù)、實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控及系統(tǒng)安全等角度提出了一套完整方案。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：蓄電池組；電源；檢測(cè)；維護(hù)</p><p><b>　　引言</b></p><p>　　電力通信系統(tǒng)各中心機(jī)房安裝配備有大量的蓄電

54、池，其對(duì)通信系</p><p>　　統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行與電能支撐、備用起到重要的作用。但是在具體的維護(hù)過(guò)程</p><p>　　中，還是會(huì)經(jīng)常遇到許多問(wèn)題，下面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析。</p><p>　　1.蓄電池電源狀況及其原因分析</p><p>　　我們對(duì)大量通信機(jī)．房進(jìn)行了實(shí)際測(cè)試，對(duì)蓄電池電源系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了綜合性研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多機(jī)房、通信機(jī)房都存在蓄電池

55、負(fù)載能力低下、系統(tǒng)可靠性差的問(wèn)題，在這里有兩組關(guān)于蓄電池問(wèn)題的數(shù)據(jù)：</p><p>　　a. 蓄電池的設(shè)計(jì)使用壽命一般為8—1O年，而統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明，電池壽命理想情況下能達(dá)到4—6年，普遍都達(dá)不到設(shè)計(jì)要求，大量通信機(jī)房使用不到3年(有的2年)就出現(xiàn)電池落后，部分電池甚至報(bào)廢；</p><p>　　b．2010年烏魯木齊電業(yè)局通信機(jī)房統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)表明，由于蓄電池故障引起的電力通信電源事故占35

56、％，近年來(lái)這介數(shù)據(jù)快速攀升，這個(gè)比例已經(jīng)上升到7% 左右。</p><p>　　兩組數(shù)據(jù)表明，蓄電池的問(wèn)題比較嚴(yán)重，對(duì)蓄電池電源的安全和可靠產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重威脅，究其原因，主要有以下9個(gè)方面：</p><p>　　1.1 電池設(shè)計(jì)工藝質(zhì)量</p><p>　　電池設(shè)計(jì)工藝存在極板工藝設(shè)計(jì)、材料設(shè)計(jì)、氧復(fù)合設(shè)計(jì)、閥壓設(shè)</p><p>　　計(jì)等綜合性缺

57、陷，使電池性能和壽命受到嚴(yán)重影響，主要表現(xiàn)為電池早期失效、漏液失水、變形裂縫等。</p><p>　　為單純提升電池容量，將電池極板變薄，并增加極板數(shù)量，使得同一容積的殼體內(nèi)電解液反應(yīng)面積大幅度增加，容量提升很快，但由于極板變薄，電池極板容易腐蝕、軟化，使用壽命也因此大大縮短，容易產(chǎn)生早期失效問(wèn)題。</p><p>　　由于閥壓設(shè)置偏低，充電時(shí)一旦達(dá)到一定壓力，控制閥便自動(dòng)開(kāi)</p&

58、gt;<p>　　啟，氣體也就通過(guò)閥門(mén)外泄，造成電池失水(一般在閥門(mén)孔或者極柱附近會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有輕微潮濕的液體)，這類(lèi)電池也容易產(chǎn)生早期失效，閥壓設(shè)計(jì)與殼體材料也有著直接關(guān)系。</p><p>　　由于殼體材料、氧復(fù)合效率、閥壓設(shè)計(jì)等綜合技術(shù)欠缺，有些電池池在充放電過(guò)程中，容易產(chǎn)生殼體變形、鼓包甚至裂縫。</p><p>　　1.2 運(yùn)行環(huán)境的影響</p><p

59、>　　運(yùn)行環(huán)境主要是機(jī)房溫度對(duì)電池壽命影響較大，在25℃環(huán)境條件</p><p>　　下，環(huán)境平均溫度每增加10℃，電池壽命就將減少一半。西北地區(qū)溫度變化較大(一30℃一+55~C)，變電站通信機(jī)房較少配備空調(diào)，散熱性能較差，環(huán)境溫度對(duì)電池壽命形成直接影響。</p><p>　　1.3 運(yùn)行方式及安裝方法</p><p>　　電池組一般都是多節(jié)電池串聯(lián)而成一組

60、，兩組并聯(lián)運(yùn)行。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)經(jīng)常</p><p>　　發(fā)現(xiàn)在電池組內(nèi)部，連接條(板)拐彎處的電池性能一般都要稍差些，主要原因是連接條過(guò)長(zhǎng)(是其他連接條的5一l0倍)以及由于材料引起的接觸電阻過(guò)大，導(dǎo)致該連接條上的壓降太大，在充放電過(guò)程中，就會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響周邊電池充放電效果，這類(lèi)問(wèn)題應(yīng)避免。</p><p>　　1.4 供電質(zhì)量及負(fù)載設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題</p><p>　　變電站通信機(jī)房一

61、般地處偏遠(yuǎn)，經(jīng)常停電，電池處于頻繁充電、放電狀態(tài)，嚴(yán)重影響電池壽命。機(jī)房負(fù)載相對(duì)于電池容量都偏小，例如實(shí)際負(fù)載為30A，通信機(jī)房配置的電池容量一般為兩組300Ah，市電中斷后，蓄電池便會(huì)以極小電流開(kāi)始放電，而小電流放電生成的硫酸鉛顆粒很容易結(jié)晶成塊加E通信機(jī)房一般都是農(nóng)網(wǎng)供電，供電質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定，停電時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，停電頻繁，硫酸鉛顆粒更容易生成不可逆硫酸鹽。</p><p>　　1.5 專(zhuān)業(yè)檢測(cè)手段及設(shè)備缺乏</p

62、><p>　　在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行放電檢測(cè)時(shí)，由于檢測(cè)設(shè)備缺乏單體保護(hù)設(shè)置功能，因此，在放電時(shí)只能通過(guò)整組電壓觀察，結(jié)合手工測(cè)量進(jìn)行檢查。發(fā)現(xiàn)有電池達(dá)到1．8v時(shí)，立即中止測(cè)試。這種方式效率低，安全全性差，對(duì)電池不能形成有效保護(hù)。</p><p>　　蓄電池的特征參數(shù)主要體現(xiàn)在電壓、內(nèi)阻和容量上，常規(guī)的檢測(cè)方法主要測(cè)量電壓、觀察外殼體征、檢查螺栓緊固性等，這樣只能掌握一些表象參數(shù)，而不能掌握重要特 !參

63、數(shù)如內(nèi)阻、容量等。</p><p>　　1.6 充、放電管理制度不完善</p><p>　　充電問(wèn)題主要涉及到均充電周期、均充電壓、均充電流、均充時(shí)間、</p><p>　　均浮充轉(zhuǎn)換控制、溫度補(bǔ)償?shù)认嚓P(guān)細(xì)則。</p><p>　　一些維護(hù)人員為提高電池充電效率，大幅度提高充電電壓，加大充電電流，導(dǎo)致氣壓增加，再化合效率低，電池失水，正極板柵

64、腐蝕。隨著這幾年對(duì)電池充電管理認(rèn)識(shí)的深入，相關(guān)問(wèn)題逐漸減少，但對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題還是必須引起足夠重視，主要注意以下三點(diǎn)：一是充電時(shí)不能以高壓充電，即便進(jìn)行均充電，電壓也一定要限制在2．35V范圍以?xún)?nèi)(新裝電池應(yīng)控制在2-3v)；二是充電電流不能過(guò)大，這會(huì)加速極板腐蝕，引起極板軟化，抑制氧復(fù)合效率；三是充電過(guò)程必須進(jìn)行溫度補(bǔ)償，補(bǔ)償系數(shù)為一3mV／℃ 一一2mV／~C。</p><p>　　2. 檢測(cè)與維護(hù)方案</

65、p><p>　　2.1 更換已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重劣化的電池組，強(qiáng)化電池選型</p><p>　　對(duì)于發(fā)現(xiàn)陛能已經(jīng)深度劣化，并嚴(yán)重威脅到系統(tǒng)供電安全的電池</p><p>　　組應(yīng)及早換，并強(qiáng)化電池工藝選型。工藝質(zhì)量問(wèn)題是電池選型考慮的重點(diǎn)，可以基于蓄電池標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，向電池廠家提出明確的技術(shù)要求，如對(duì)殼體材料、閥壓．、極板厚度、數(shù)量、電壓均衡特眭、內(nèi)阻均衡特性、氧復(fù)合效率、失水率等，對(duì)于通

66、過(guò)驗(yàn)收試驗(yàn)可以檢測(cè)的項(xiàng)目，一定要實(shí)施檢測(cè)，進(jìn)行這些工作可進(jìn)一步確保電池長(zhǎng)期使用的可靠性。</p><p>　　閥控式鉛酸蓄電池生產(chǎn)對(duì)于技術(shù)工藝要求嚴(yán)格，目前國(guó)內(nèi)電池生</p><p>　　產(chǎn)廠家有300多家，各種技術(shù)工藝品類(lèi)繁多，建議在采購(gòu)之前，對(duì)電池進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的篩選，盡可能選擇生產(chǎn)設(shè)備齊全、技術(shù)力量雄厚、服務(wù)配套完善的品牌企業(yè)。 ，</p><p>　　2.2 加強(qiáng)

67、電池初驗(yàn)，提高電池組投運(yùn)保障能力</p><p>　　蓄電池的初驗(yàn)是一項(xiàng)非常重要的檢測(cè)環(huán)節(jié)，有關(guān)蓄電池技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</p><p>　　中對(duì)電池初驗(yàn)有明確要求，對(duì)電力通信機(jī)房蓄電池的安裝、運(yùn)行、維護(hù)和管理都具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。對(duì)于電池初驗(yàn)的具體要求是：電池在投運(yùn)前，首先進(jìn)行第一次核對(duì)性放電，其容量應(yīng)該不低于95％，放電完畢后對(duì)電池進(jìn)行充電；充滿(mǎn)后，靜置1—2h，進(jìn)行第二次核對(duì)性放電，放電完畢后

68、對(duì)電池進(jìn)行充電；充滿(mǎn)后，靜置1～2h，進(jìn)行第三次核對(duì)陛放電，其容量應(yīng)不低于100％，放電完畢后對(duì)電池進(jìn)行充電。</p><p>　　2.3 轉(zhuǎn)變維護(hù)理念，加強(qiáng)蓄電池電源的專(zhuān)業(yè)化監(jiān)控管理</p><p>　　專(zhuān)業(yè)化集中監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)在傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)功能的基礎(chǔ)上，增加了蓄電</p><p>　　池單體電壓、電池內(nèi)阻、核對(duì)試驗(yàn)功能，更大地發(fā)揮了監(jiān)控管理的職能，提高了維護(hù)效率。&l

69、t;/p><p>　　實(shí)施專(zhuān)業(yè)化監(jiān)控，與其他安裝普通監(jiān)控或不裝監(jiān)控的通信機(jī)房相</p><p>　　比，電源事故率大大降低，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題都比較及時(shí)，確保通信機(jī)房安全性和可靠性的提高。</p><p>　　2.4 配置柴油發(fā)電機(jī)、增強(qiáng)智能控制管理，確保電力通信安全</p><p>　　蓄電池是電力通信通信機(jī)房必備的短時(shí)間直流電源，而柴油發(fā)電</p

70、><p>　　機(jī)則起著長(zhǎng)時(shí)間交流備用電源的作用。大多數(shù)通信機(jī)房都沒(méi)有備用柴</p><p>　　油發(fā)電機(jī)，可增加小型柴油發(fā)電機(jī)配置。</p><p>　　考慮到維護(hù)工作量大，人員緊缺、往返周轉(zhuǎn)車(chē)輛及設(shè)備緊張的實(shí)際問(wèn)題，可以為非智能型柴油發(fā)電機(jī)增加智能控制系統(tǒng)，在市電掉電、市電不穩(wěn)、缺相、欠壓、過(guò)壓等多種條件下，均可以自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)柴油發(fā)電機(jī)，并自動(dòng)切換并入電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行。</