電動汽車相關(guān)課題外文資料翻譯

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p>　　2007年來了...清潔，環(huán)保汽車</p><p>　　一個全新的領(lǐng)域，在柴油發(fā)動機上使用電氣混合燃料電池。 這個說法是針對混合動力汽車：美國人愛他們，不過只是猜測。一些環(huán)保人士一直在疑惑，有沒有更大的混合電池組，能不能夠直接插在墻上進(jìn)行充電，能不能

2、提供動力讓你開車去上班，電力與小型燃?xì)獍l(fā)動機使其變?yōu)榭赡堋＿@個概念最初是一個環(huán)保主義者的夢想，是來自Calcars.org的費利克斯克萊默，他推動了公用事業(yè)支持插件的合作。但現(xiàn)在電動汽車走向市場,就像其他高科技綠色汽車當(dāng)年發(fā)展的情況一樣。</p><p><b>　　清潔汽車新的一天</b></p><p>　　清潔和環(huán)保汽車技術(shù)正在蒸蒸日上。可充電混合動力車,在工業(yè)

3、發(fā)展上展現(xiàn)了比1900年的黃金歲月高很多的研究和開發(fā)熱情。當(dāng)汽油、蒸汽、電動車在市場上進(jìn)行競爭，許多公司如通用汽車、還在嘲弄像羅杰和我這樣的人,是誰扼殺了電動汽車的發(fā)展?事實上,美國通用汽車公司是第一個成功制造出了可充電混合動力車的公司,他們使用了一個有趣的新方法。他們正在研發(fā)一種全新的推進(jìn)系統(tǒng),在最近的底特律車展上展示,那就是雪佛蘭伏特。</p><p>　　隨著seesawing對未來石油和汽油價格的不確定性

4、，美國人終于將注意力集中在尋找燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性車輛和展望他們的下一個大型多功能運動型車。一個由具有很大影響力的公司JD Power and Associates去年夏天對消費者的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓人吃驚的是有57%的受訪者會考慮購買他們的下一個混合動力汽車，有49%的購車者會考慮E85乙醇動力汽車。另一項由Frost＆Sullivan的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)約有80%的人更關(guān)注較一年前的燃油價格。幾乎有一半的人說，如果燃油價格持續(xù)上漲的話他們會考慮購買更省油的汽

5、車或混合動力汽車。而從居住在美國的市民的調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)，有五分之一的讓人印象深刻的說道，他們也開始使用替代交通工具：諸如自行車，步行，公共交通和電動汽車等等。</p><p><b>　　插電式混合動力車 </b></p><p>　　插電式混合動力車仍然處于原型階段，盡管轉(zhuǎn)換套件在市場上的供應(yīng)到目前為止還不規(guī)范。 EDrive的產(chǎn)品目前價格待定，但取代了普銳斯的鎳金屬氫

6、化物鋰離子電池包。對于普銳斯（9500美元）和福特的Escape（現(xiàn)在不貴重的，但以后肯定更貴）在現(xiàn)有的電池所在的位置,添加一個鋰離子輔助電池。其缺點是，他們目前僅適用于車隊。消費者在購買前需要做一份關(guān)于它們?nèi)绾斡绊懫嚨谋Ｐ?，重點在于她們是怎么影響汽車的。插入式混合動力汽車從排氣管排出的污染物的來源是什么？這主要取決于電力來源，這個結(jié)論是根據(jù)美國能源節(jié)約型經(jīng)濟(jì)理事會（ACEEE），一個非營利性的能源政策小組在最近發(fā)布的。 ACEEE得

7、出的結(jié)論是插件版本的豐田普瑞斯可以減少三分之一的二氧化碳排放量，這項指標(biāo)超過傳統(tǒng)的混合動力汽車，它的電池被指控為加州電力方面產(chǎn)生的污染物的主要來源，從而相對比較的干凈。報告認(rèn)為在中西部地區(qū),占統(tǒng)治地位的燃煤發(fā)電廠實際上會比“普銳斯”產(chǎn)生多于百分之一的二氧化碳。</p><p>　　未來在CellsIf的技術(shù)推動下燃料電池可以取代內(nèi)燃機引擎，它的燃料電池不直接燃燒，而是可以轉(zhuǎn)換成氫氣（以液體或氣體形式儲存在儲存罐里

8、），最終排放出水蒸氣。早在19世紀(jì)中葉燃料電池就已被發(fā)明，并為美國宇航局空間飛行任務(wù)提供了電力，但他們到現(xiàn)在才被運用在地面運輸上。 </p><p>　　雪佛蘭的續(xù)作是世界上最先進(jìn)的燃料電池汽車之一，代表著先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，數(shù)百萬美元的研發(fā)使他看起來像一個相當(dāng)完美的混合型SUV，但駕駛它和以往的電動車相比沒有改變的是：電動車（燃料電池汽車是真正電動車）往往是緩慢和單調(diào)乏味的，但新款車的特點是，只需短短10秒就可加速

9、到時速60英里。它的座位舒適，包括空調(diào)，收音機和行李箱。 續(xù)作是尖端的：只有兩個存在。但通用汽車是利用其全新雪佛蘭Equinox燃料電池提供車子的動力的，在加利福尼亞州，華盛頓特區(qū)，紐約和威徹斯特郡共有100名試車手進(jìn)行了試車，此車型準(zhǔn)備在今年秋天上市。據(jù)格雷格卡希爾所說，該公司的燃料電池推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)與越野車的生產(chǎn)密切相關(guān)，并安裝了ABS剎車系統(tǒng)，安全氣囊和聯(lián)邦耐撞裝置。多加設(shè)的安全系統(tǒng)使燃料電池車不可能自燃，更不可能會爆炸。</p&

10、gt;<p>　　電動車具有良好的發(fā)展前景,特別是高輸出，輕量化鋰離子（Li - ion）電池的到來。最近那里的市場沒有那么多的人，但圣卡洛斯，Californiabased特斯拉汽車公司正試圖改變這種狀況，時髦的allelectric電池跑車可以實現(xiàn)速度從0到60只需4秒的時間，130英里每小時的速度。通用汽車公司試圖把它與EV - 1電池汽車性能得到相同的重視，但僅限于大約90英里時速的范圍。如果特斯拉能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)高性能，

11、遠(yuǎn)距離，這將是一個相當(dāng)大的突破。如果沒有，那么，花了10萬美元買了這些車的人就要倒霉了。</p><p>　　豐田普瑞斯:全新的第二代普瑞斯，在2004年推廣的車型。長達(dá)六英寸，但汽車仍然實現(xiàn)了聯(lián)合英里每加侖55英里（可能是在現(xiàn)實世界中行駛45分鐘）的評級。這是最暢銷的混合動力車，在2006年超過97,000輛的銷售。普銳斯21,725美元的售價，并贏得為超級超低排放車輛（SULEV）的認(rèn)證。這也是一個AT -

12、PZEV，這意味著不像大多數(shù)馬路上的汽車會發(fā)出汽車尾氣--使全球變暖的氣體，當(dāng)停泊的時候,它具有零尾氣排放。賈森的清潔汽車項目被其關(guān)心的科學(xué)家聯(lián)盟汽車馬克描述為“一個具有先進(jìn)技術(shù)的成果可能產(chǎn)生的光輝典范?！毖輪T萊昂納多·迪卡普里奧對他的普銳斯車說道：“這是一個向正確的方向邁出的第一步，”。 “我把它在加油站加油，它表現(xiàn)的像其他任何的汽車一樣。但我大概每三個禮拜才需加一次油。”普瑞斯是對一切其他電動汽車計量的基準(zhǔn)。 豐田Camr

13、y混合動力車：像普銳斯，相對新凱美瑞混合動力電池在其實際運行速度較低。引擎蓋下是一個2.4升四缸引擎，它使用了更高燃料效率的阿特金森循環(huán)。147馬力的汽油發(fā)動機和45馬力電動馬達(dá)加在一起有192馬力。比普銳斯更快，盡管在某些內(nèi)部尺寸更小，佳美達(dá)到三十七分之四十三英</p><p>　　本田雅閣混合動力車：在2004年底推出的V - 6 -雅閣混合動力車，2006年會有更多的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置（包括一個天窗，一個真正的備用輪

14、胎）。燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性受到了駕駛的額外85磅位，它現(xiàn)在每加侖25/34英里。雅閣混合動力車售價30,990美元，有255的馬力，已被裝配的更像是一個高性能汽車，時速從0到60需要6.9秒，但要強調(diào)的是他不是銷售冠軍，也并沒有取得本田的追捧。 2006年的銷售額還不到混合思域的五分之一。 福特Escape混合動力車：以26 900美元的價格贏得的榮譽，作為市場上的第一個混合動力SUV，它類似于在普銳斯的公路達(dá)到36英里（市）和31英里的一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

15、。他不像RX-400h豪華的凌志,或能夠盡可能承載多的人的新豐田的混合體。但這是一個很好的第一步，它是一個很好的公司，曾在一家公司說它想要成為一個環(huán)保領(lǐng)袖。福特汽車銷量2005年超過15571混合動力汽車，并在2006年平均每月1500加上類似水星Mariner的混合車。 </p><p>　　委托書已經(jīng)正式修改為包括混合動力車和其他清潔汽車，使電動汽車失去了一個消費群。到2000年，市場干涸，如美國Electr

16、icar和Solectria公司遇到了麻煩。今天，電動車市場都在回升，特斯拉已經(jīng)銷售出以其性能為賣點的10萬美元的跑車。更好的電池可能引發(fā)電動汽車的復(fù)蘇，過度的關(guān)于EV - 1的爭論將成為古老的歷史。 對他而言，克里斯潘恩說，他對通用汽車更加樂觀，因為該公司宣布，將立刻生產(chǎn)插入式混合動力汽車。 “我被通用汽車最近的發(fā)言所鼓勵，”佩恩說：“但顯而易見的是他們需要比在word和ppt上所說的要做的更多才行” 。</p><

17、;p><b>　　附件2：外文原文</b></p><p>　　2007 HERE COME THE... CLEANER, GREENER CARS</p><p>　　Motavalli, Jim</p><p>　　E Magazine</p><p>　　03-01-2007</p><

18、p>　　From hybrids to electrics to diesels that run on vegetable oil, it's a whole new ballgame.The verdict is in on hybrid cars: Americans love them. But just suppose, some environmentalists have been asking, you h

19、ad a bigger battery pack in your hybrid and the ability to plug it into the wall. Wouldn't that give you the ability to drive to work on electric power, with the small gas engine available in reserve for longer trips

20、? This concept started out as an environmentalist's dream, propelled by act</p><p>　　A New Day for Clean Cars</p><p>　　Interest in cleaner and greener auto technology is exploding. From fuel

21、 cells to plug-in hybrids, the industry is showing more research and development zeal than at any time since the halcyon days of 1900, when gasoline, steam and electric vehicles (EVs) were competing in the marketplace. C

22、ompanies such as General Motors, ridiculed for stodginess and worse in films like Roger and Me and Who Killed the Electric Car? (see sidebar) are revealing a much leaner side. In fact, GM has made the first pl</p>

23、<p>　　With seesawing gasoline prices and uncertainty about the future of oil, Americans are finally focusing on fuel economy and looking beyond big SUVs for their next vehicle. A consumer survey by the influential

24、J.D. Power and Associates last summer found that an amazing 57 percent of respondents would consider buying a hybrid car for their next vehicle, and 49 percent would consider a car powered by E85 ethanol. Another survey,

25、 by Frost & Sullivan, found that 80 percent are more concerned about fue</p><p>　　Plug-In Hybrids</p><p>　　While plug-in hybrids remain in the prototype stage, conversion kits are on the mar

26、ket (though availability has been spotty). EDrive's system, with pricing to be announced, replaces the Prius' nickel-metal-hydride battery pack with a larger, lithium-ion pack. Hymotion's kits for the Prius

27、($9,500) and Ford Escape (as yet unpriced, but definitely more expensive) leave the existing batteries in place but add a lithium-ion auxiliary battery. The drawback is that they're currently available only fo</p&

28、gt;<p>　　The Future with Batteries and Fuel CellsIf any one technology can replace the internal-combustion engine, it's the fuel cell, which doesn't burn anything but converts hydrogen (stored in a tank as

29、 liquid or gas) to electricity and its tailpipe emission: water vapor. Fuel cells were invented in the mid-19th century and provided electric power on NASA space missions, but they're only now becoming practical for

30、ground transportation.</p><p>　　The Chevrolet Sequel is one of the world's most advanced fuel-cell automobiles, representing many millions of dollars of advanced R&D. The Sequel looks like a fairly s

31、leek crossover SUV, but driving it is like nothing else: EVs (fuel-cell cars are really electric cars) tend to be slow and plodding, but the Sequel peels out, zooming to 60 mph in only 10 seconds. It seats four with all

32、the creature comforts, including air conditioning, radio and trunk space.</p><p>　　The Sequel is the cutting edge: only two exist. But GM is making 100 of its also-all-new Chevy Equinox fuel-cell vehicles av

33、ailable to regular-folk test drivers (in California, Washington, DC and Westchester County, New York) this fall. According to Greg Cesul, the company's fuel cell propulsion system chief, these Equinoxes are closely b

34、ased on the production SUV, and offer the latter's ABS brakes, airbags (or at least room for them), and federal crashworthiness. Redundant safety systems make i</p><p>　　EVs show promise, especially with

35、 the advent of high-output, lightweight lithium-ion (li-ion) batteries. There haven't been many on the market lately, but San Carlos, Californiabased Tesla Motors is trying to change that with a snazzy allelectric b

36、attery sports car that can achieve zero to 60 in just four seconds, with a top speed of 130 mph. GM tried the same performance emphasis with its EV-1 battery car, but it was limited to about 90 miles of range. If Tesla

37、 has been able to achieve both </p><p>　　TOYOTA PRIUS: The wheelbase of the second-generation Prius, which appeared in 2004, is stretched six inches, but the car still achieves a combined miles-per-gallon ra

38、ting of 55 (probably 45 mpg in the real world). This is the runaway bestselling hybrid, with sales of more than 97,000 in 2006. The $21,725 Prius accelerates as well as a late-model Toyota Camry, and wins certification a

39、s a Super-Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (SULEV). It's also an AT-PZEV, which means that, unlike most cars on the road</p><p>　　TOYOTA CAMRY HYBRID: Like the Prius, the relatively new Camry hybrid actually r

40、uns on its batteries alone at low speeds. Under the hood is a 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine that uses the Atkinson cycle for greater fuel efficiency. Add together the 147 horsepower gasoline engine and the 45-horsepower

41、 electric motor and there's 192 horsepower. Faster and bigger than the Prius (though smaller in some interior dimensions), the Camry achieves 43/37 mpg. Like the Prius, the Camry is a relative bargain </p><

42、;p>　　HONDA CIVIC HYBRID: The $22,150 Civic Hybrid, redesigned with a much more appealing body style in 2006, impresses with its sheer ordinariness. It's not special, or weird, or for purists only. It's just li

43、ke any other Civic, except it's an AT-PZEV, gets 49 miles per gallon (city) and 51 (highway), and has a range of 600 miles. If there's a sacrifice, it's in the $22,150 purchase price. But even that can be off

44、set with federal income tax credits, as well as state incentives if they apply. To get 1</p><p>　　HONDA ACCORD HYBRID: Introduced at the end of 2004, the V-6-powered Accord Hybrid was freshened for 2006, wit

45、h more standard features (including a moonroof and a real spare tire). Fuel economy suffers a bit with the car's additional 85 pounds; it's now 25/34 mpg. The $30,990 Accord Hybrid, with 255 horsepower on tap, ha

46、s been marketed more as a performance car (with a zero to 60 time of 6.9 seconds) than as an economy champ, but that emphasis hasn't yielded the sales Honda had sought. Sales in 2</p><p>　　FORD ESCAPE HY

47、BRID: The $26,900 Escape wins kudos as the first hybrid SUV on the market, achieving 36 mpg (city) and 31 mpg (highway) with a system that is similar to that in the Prius. It's not as luxurious as the Lexus RX-400h,

48、or able to carry as many people as the Toyota Highlander Hybrid. But it's a good first step from a company that says it wants to be an environmental leader but hasn't been lately. Ford sold more than 15,571 Escap

49、e Hybrids in 2005, and in 2006 it averaged 1,500 a month (</p><p>　　The mandates were duly modified to include hybrids and other clean cars, and that left EVs without a consumer base. By 2000, the market was

50、 drying up and companies like U.S. Electricar and Solectria were in trouble. Today, EVs are on the rebound and Tesla has sold out the initial offering of its performance-oriented $100,000 roadster. Better batteries are l

51、ikely to spark a resurgence and the controversy over the EV-1 will become ancient history.</p><p>　　For his part, Who Killed director Chris Paine says he's more sanguine about GM now, since the company a

52、nnounced both a production plug</p><p>　　-in hybrid car (see main story) and a battery electric with a gas motor used solely to keep those batteries charged. "I'm encouraged by GM's recent annou