機電一體化技術(shù)及其應用研究外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文3120字</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計（外文翻譯）</p><p>　　英文題目 Electromechanical integration </p><p>　　technology and its application </p><p>　　中文題目 機電一體化技

2、術(shù)及其應用研究</p><p>　　系 （院） 機電工程系 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 </p><p>　　學生姓名 </p><p>　　學 號 </p><p>　

3、　指導教師 </p><p>　　職 稱 助教 </p><p><b>　　二〇一四 年四月</b></p><p>　　Electromechanical Integration Technology and Its Application</p&

4、gt;<p>　　1. An electromechanical integration technology development </p><p>　　Mechatronics is the machinery, micro-, control, aircraft, information processing, and other cross-disciplinary integration

5、, and its development and progress depends on the progress of technology and development, the main direction of development of a digital, intelligent, modular, and human nature , miniaturization, integration, with source

6、 and green. </p><p>　　1.1 Digital </p><p>　　Microcontroller and the development of a number of mechanical and electrical products of the base, such as the continuous development of CNC machine t

7、ools and robots, and the rapid rise of the computer network for the digital design and manufacturing paved the way for, such as virtual design and computer integrated manufacturing. Digital request electromechanical inte

8、gration software products with high reliability, easy operability, maintainability, self-diagnostic capabilities, and friendly man</p><p>　　1.2Intelligent </p><p>　　Mechanical and electrical pro

9、ducts that require a certain degree of intelligence, it is similar to the logical thinking, reasoning judgement, autonomous decision-making capabilities. For example, in the CNC machine increase interactive features, set

10、 up Intelligent I / O interface and intelligent database technology, will use, operation and maintenance of bring great convenience. With fuzzy control, neural network, gray, wavelet theory, chaos and bifurcation, such a

11、s artificial intelligence and t</p><p>　　1.3 Modular</p><p>　　As electromechanical integration products and manufacturers wide variety of research and development of a standard mechanical inter

12、face, dynamic interface, the environment interface modules electromechanical integration products is a complex and promising work. If the development is set to slow down. VVVF integrated motor drive unit with vision, ima

13、ge processing, identification and location of the motor functions, such as integrated control unit. Thus, in product development, design, we can use </p><p>　　1.4 Network </p><p>　　As the popul

14、arity of the network, network-based remote control and monitoring of various technical ascendant. The remote control device itself is the integration of mechanical and electrical products, fieldbus technology to househol

15、d appliances and LAN network possible, use a home network to connect various home appliances into a computer as the center of computer integrated appliances system, so that people in the home can be full enjoyment of the

16、 benefits of various high-tech, therefore, elect</p><p>　　1.5 Humanity </p><p>　　Electromechanical integration of the end-use product is targeted, how to give people electromechanical integrati

17、on of intelligent products, emotion and humanity is becoming more and more important, electromechanical integration products in addition to improving performance, it also urged the color, shape and so on and environmenta

18、l coordination, the use of these products, or for a person to enjoy, such as home robot is the highest state of human-machine integration. </p><p>　　1.6 Miniaturization </p><p>　　Micro-fine pro

19、cessing technology is a necessity in the development, but also the need to improve efficiency. MEMS (Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems, or MEMS) refers to quantities can be produced by the micro-collection agencies, mi

20、cro-sensors, micro actuators and signal processing and control circuit until interface, communication and power is one of the micro-devices or systems . Since 1986 the United States at Stanford University developed the f

21、irst medical microprobe, 1988 at the Universit</p><p>　　1.7 Integration </p><p>　　Integration includes a mutual penetration of various technologies, and integration of various products of diffe

22、rent structural optimization and composite, and included in the production process at the same time processing, assembly, testing, management, and other processes. In order to achieve more variety, small batch production

23、 of automation and high efficiency, the system should have a more extensive flexible. First system can be divided into several levels, allowing the system to function di</p><p>　　1.8 With source of </p&g

24、t;<p>　　Electromechanical integration refers to the product itself with energy, such as solar cells, fuel cells and large-capacity battery. As on many occasions not be able to use electricity, which campaigns for

25、the mechanical and electrical integration products, has a unique power source comes with the benefits. Sources with the integration of mechanical and electrical product development direction of. </p><p>　　1.

26、9 Green</p><p>　　The development of technology in people's lives brought great changes in the material at the same time has also brought rich resources, deterioration of the ecological environment conse

27、quences. Therefore, people calling for the protection of the environment, regression, and achieving sustainable development in the concept of green products such calls have emerged. Green products is low-power, low-wood

28、consumption, clean, comfortable, coordination and utilization of renewable products. In its des</p><p>　　2.electromechanical integration in the application of technology in the iron and steel </p><

29、;p>　　In the iron and steel enterprises, the integration of mechanical and electrical systems are at the core microprocessor, the computer, industrial computer, data communications, display devices, meters and the comb

30、ination of technologies such as organic, assembled by the merger means for the realization of a large-scale integrated system create conditions for effective integration, enhanced system control precision, quality and re

31、liability. Electromechanical integration technology in the iron and </p><p>　　2.1 Intelligent Control Technology (IC) </p><p>　　As a large-scale iron and steel, high-speed continuous and the ch

32、aracteristics of the traditional control technologies encountered insurmountable difficulties, it is necessary to adopt very intelligent control technology. Control technologies include intelligent expert system, neural

33、and fuzzy control, intelligent control techniques in steel product design, manufacturing, control, product quality and diagnostic equipment, and other aspects, such as blast furnace control system, electric furnace </

34、p><p>　　2.2 Distributed Control System (DCS) </p><p>　　Distributed control system uses a central command for the control of a number of Taiwan-site monitoring and intelligent computer control unit

35、. Distributed control systems can be two, three or more levels. Using computers to concentrate on the production process monitoring, operation, management and decentralized control. With monitoring and control technologi

36、es, and the functions of distributed control system more and more. Not only can be achieved control of the production process, but also can</p><p>　　2.3 Open Control System (OCS) </p><p>　　Open

37、 Control System (Open Control System) is the development of computer technology led by the new structure concept. "Open" means a standard for the exchange of information in order consensus and support this stan

38、dard design systems, different manufacturers products can be compatible and interoperable, and the sharing of resources. Industrial control systems through open communication network so that all control equipment, manage

39、ment, computer interconnections, to achieve control and management</p><p>　　2.4 Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS) </p><p>　　CIMS is the iron and steel enterprises will be and the

40、production and operation, production management and process control connecting to achieve from raw materials into the plant, production and processing of shipments to the entire production process and the overall integra

41、tion process control. Currently iron and steel enterprises have basically achieved process automation, but this kind of "automated island" of single automation lack of information resources and the sharing of t

42、he unified mana</p><p>　　2.5 Fieldbus Technology (FBT) </p><p>　　Fieldbus Technology (Fied Bus Technology) is the connection settings in the field of instrumentation installed in the control ro

43、om and control devices for digital, bi-directional, multi-station communication link. Fieldbus technology used to replace the existing signal transmission technology (such as 4 to 20 mA, DC DC transmission), it will enab

44、le more information in the field of Intelligent Instrumentation devices and higher-level control system in the joint between the communications media on</p><p>　　2.6 AC drive technology </p><p>

45、;　　Transmission technology in the iron and steel industry plays a crucial role. With power technology and the development of microelectronics technology, the development of AC variable speed very quickly. The AC drive to

46、 the advantages of electric drive technology in the near future from AC drive completely replace DC transmission, the development of digital technology, complex vector control technologies to achieve practical, AC variab

47、le speed system speed and performance has reached more than DC </p><p>　　機電一體化技術(shù)及其應用研究</p><p>　　1.機電一體化技術(shù)發(fā)展</p><p>　　機電一體化是機械、微、控制、機、信息處理等多學科的交叉融合，其發(fā)展和進步有賴于相關(guān)技術(shù)的進步與發(fā)展，其主要發(fā)展方向有數(shù)字化、智能

48、化、模塊化、化、人性化、微型化、集成化、帶源化和綠色化。</p><p><b>　　1.1 數(shù)字化</b></p><p>　　微控制器及其發(fā)展奠定了機電產(chǎn)品數(shù)字化的基礎(chǔ)，如不斷發(fā)展的數(shù)控機床和機器人；而計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)的迅速崛起，為數(shù)字化設(shè)計與制造鋪平了道路，如虛擬設(shè)計、計算機集成制造等。數(shù)字化要求機電一體化產(chǎn)品的軟件具有高可靠性、易操作性、可維護性、自診斷能力以及友好

49、人機界面。數(shù)字化的實現(xiàn)將便于遠程操作、診斷和修復。</p><p><b>　　1.2 智能化</b></p><p>　　即要求機電產(chǎn)品有一定的智能,使它具有類似人的邏輯思考、判斷推理、自主決策等能力。例如在CNC數(shù)控機床上增加人機對話功能，設(shè)置智能I/O接口和智能工藝數(shù)據(jù)庫，會給使用、操作和維護帶來極大的方便。隨著模糊控制、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、灰色、小波理論、混沌與分岔等人

50、工智能技術(shù)的進步與發(fā)展，為機電一體化技術(shù)發(fā)展開辟了廣闊天地。 </p><p><b>　　1.3 模塊化</b></p><p>　　由于機電一體化產(chǎn)品種類和生產(chǎn)廠家繁多，研制和開發(fā)具有標準機械接口、動力接口、環(huán)境接口的機電一體化產(chǎn)品單元模塊是一項復雜而有前途的工作。如研制具有集減速、變頻調(diào)速電機一體的動力驅(qū)動單元；具有視覺、圖像處理、識別和測距等功能的電機一體控制

51、單元等。這樣，在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)設(shè)計時，可以利用這些標準模塊化單元迅速開發(fā)出新的產(chǎn)品。</p><p><b>　　1.4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化</b></p><p>　　由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的各種遠程控制和監(jiān)視技術(shù)方興未艾。而遠程控制的終端設(shè)備本身就是機電一體化產(chǎn)品，現(xiàn)場總線和局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)使家用電器網(wǎng)絡(luò)化成為可能，利用家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)把各種家用電器連接成以計算機為中心的計算機集成家用電器系統(tǒng)

52、，使人們在家里可充分享受各種高技術(shù)帶來的好處，因此，機電一體化產(chǎn)品無疑應朝網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展。</p><p><b>　　1.5 人性化</b></p><p>　　機電一體化產(chǎn)品的最終使用對象是人，如何給機電一體化產(chǎn)品賦予人的智能、情感和人性顯得愈來愈重要，機電一體化產(chǎn)品除了完善的性能外，還要求在色彩、造型等方面與環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)，使用這些產(chǎn)品，對人來說還是一種享受，如家用

53、機器人的最高境界就是人機一體化。</p><p><b>　　1.6 微型化</b></p><p>　　微型化是精細加工技術(shù)發(fā)展的必然，也是提高效率的需要。微機電系統(tǒng)(Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems，簡稱MEMS)是指可批量制作的，集微型機構(gòu)、微型傳感器、微型執(zhí)行器以及信號處理和控制電路，直至接口、通信和電源等于一體的微型器件

54、或系統(tǒng)。自1986年美國斯坦福大學研制出第一個醫(yī)用微探針，1988年美國加州大學Berkeley分校研制出第一個微電機以來，國內(nèi)外在MEMS工藝、材料以及微觀機理方面取得了很大進展，開發(fā)出各種MEMS器件和系統(tǒng)，如各種微型傳感器（壓力傳感器、微加速度計、微觸覺傳感器），各種微構(gòu)件（微膜、微粱、微探針、微連桿、微齒輪、微軸承、微泵、微彈簧以及微機器人等）。 </p><p><b>　　1.7 集成化&l

55、t;/b></p><p>　　集成化既包含各種技術(shù)的相互滲透、相互融合和各種產(chǎn)品不同結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化與復合，又包含在生產(chǎn)過程中同時處理加工、裝配、檢測、管理等多種工序。為了實現(xiàn)多品種、小批量生產(chǎn)的自動化與高效率，應使系統(tǒng)具有更廣泛的柔性。首先可將系統(tǒng)分解為若干層次，使系統(tǒng)功能分散，并使各部分協(xié)調(diào)而又安全地運轉(zhuǎn)，然后再通過軟、硬件將各個層次有機地聯(lián)系起來，使其性能最優(yōu)、功能最強。</p><p

56、><b>　　1.8 帶源化</b></p><p>　　是指機電一體化產(chǎn)品自身帶有能源，如太陽能電池、燃料電池和大容量電池。由于在許多場合無法使用電能，因而對于運動的機電一體化產(chǎn)品，自帶動力源具有獨特的好處。帶源化是機電一體化產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展方向之一。</p><p><b>　　1.9 綠色化</b></p><p>

57、　　技術(shù)的發(fā)展給人們的生活帶來巨大變化，在物質(zhì)豐富的同時也帶來資源減少、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化的后果。所以，人們呼喚保護環(huán)境，回歸，實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，綠色產(chǎn)品概念在這種呼聲中應運而生。綠色產(chǎn)品是指低能耗、低材耗、低污染、舒適、協(xié)調(diào)而可再生利用的產(chǎn)品。在其設(shè)計、制造、使用和銷毀時應符合環(huán)保和人類健康的要求，機電一體化產(chǎn)品的綠色化主要是指在其使用時不污染生態(tài)環(huán)境，產(chǎn)品壽命結(jié)束時，產(chǎn)品可分解和再生利用。</p><p>　　2.機

58、電一體化技術(shù)在鋼鐵中應用 </p><p>　　在鋼鐵企業(yè)中，機電一體化系統(tǒng)是以微處理機為核心，把微機、工控機、數(shù)據(jù)通訊、顯示裝置、儀表等技術(shù)有機的結(jié)合起來，采用組裝合并方式，為實現(xiàn)工程大系統(tǒng)的綜合一體化創(chuàng)造有力條件，增強系統(tǒng)控制精度、質(zhì)量和可靠性。機電一體化技術(shù)在鋼鐵企業(yè)中主要應用于以下幾個方面：</p><p>　　2.1 智能化控制技術(shù)(IC)</p><p>

59、;　　由于鋼鐵具有大型化、高速化和連續(xù)化的特點，傳統(tǒng)的控制技術(shù)遇到了難以克服的困難，因此非常有必要采用智能控制技術(shù)。智能控制技術(shù)主要包括專家系統(tǒng)、模糊控制和神經(jīng)等，智能控制技術(shù)廣泛于鋼鐵的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計、生產(chǎn)、控制、設(shè)備與產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量診斷等各個方面，如高爐控制系統(tǒng)、電爐和連鑄車間、軋鋼系統(tǒng)、煉鋼———連鑄———軋鋼綜合調(diào)度系統(tǒng)、冷連軋等。</p><p>　　2.2 分布式控制系統(tǒng)(DCS)</p><

60、p>　　分布式控制系統(tǒng)采用一臺中央機指揮若干臺面向控制的現(xiàn)場測控計算機和智能控制單元。分布式控制系統(tǒng)可以是兩級的、三級的或更多級的。利用計算機對生產(chǎn)過程進行集中監(jiān)視、操作、管理和分散控制。隨著測控技術(shù)的，分布式控制系統(tǒng)的功能越來越多。不僅可以實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過程控制，而且還可以實現(xiàn)在線最優(yōu)化、生產(chǎn)過程實時調(diào)度、生產(chǎn)計劃統(tǒng)計管理功能，成為一種測、控、管一體化的綜合系統(tǒng)。DCS具有特點控制功能多樣化、操作簡便、系統(tǒng)可以擴展、維護方便、可靠性高

61、等特點。DCS是監(jiān)視集中控制分散，故障面小，而且系統(tǒng)具有連鎖保護功能，采用了系統(tǒng)故障人工手動控制操作措施，使系統(tǒng)可靠性高。分布式控制系統(tǒng)與集中型控制系統(tǒng)相比，其功能更強，具有更高的安全性。是當前大型機電一體化系統(tǒng)的主要潮流。 </p><p>　　2.3 開放式控制系統(tǒng)(OCS)</p><p>　　開放控制系統(tǒng)(Open Control System)是計算機技術(shù)發(fā)展所引出的新的結(jié)構(gòu)體系

62、概念?！伴_放”意味著對一種標準的信息交換規(guī)程的共識和支持，按此標準設(shè)計的系統(tǒng)，可以實現(xiàn)不同廠家產(chǎn)品的兼容和互換，且資源共享。開放控制系統(tǒng)通過工業(yè)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)使各種控制設(shè)備、管理計算機互聯(lián)，實現(xiàn)控制與經(jīng)營、管理、決策的集成，通過現(xiàn)場總線使現(xiàn)場儀表與控制室的控制設(shè)備互聯(lián)，實現(xiàn)測量與控制一體化。</p><p>　　2.4 計算機集成制造系統(tǒng)(CIMS)</p><p>　　鋼鐵企業(yè)的CIMS是將人

63、與生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營、生產(chǎn)管理以及過程控制連成一體，用以實現(xiàn)從原料進廠，生產(chǎn)加工到產(chǎn)品發(fā)貨的整個生產(chǎn)過程全局和過程一體化控制。目前鋼鐵企業(yè)已基本實現(xiàn)了過程自動化，但這種“自動化孤島”式的單機自動化缺乏信息資源的共享和生產(chǎn)過程的統(tǒng)一管理，難以適應鋼鐵生產(chǎn)的要求。未來鋼鐵企業(yè)競爭的焦點是多品種、小批量生產(chǎn)，質(zhì)優(yōu)價廉，及時交貨。為了提高生產(chǎn)率、節(jié)能降耗、減少人員及現(xiàn)有庫存，加速資金周轉(zhuǎn)，實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營、管理整體優(yōu)化，關(guān)鍵就是加強管理，獲取必須的效益，提

64、高了企業(yè)的競爭力。美國、日本等一些大型鋼鐵企業(yè)在20世紀80年代已廣泛實現(xiàn)CIMS化。</p><p>　　2.5 現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)(FBT)</p><p>　　現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)(Fied Bus Technology)是連接設(shè)置在現(xiàn)場的儀表與設(shè)置在控制室內(nèi)的控制設(shè)備之間的數(shù)字式、雙向、多站通信鏈路。采用現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)取代現(xiàn)行的信號傳輸技術(shù)(如4～20mA，ＤC直流傳輸)就能使更多的信息在智能化現(xiàn)

65、場儀表裝置與更高一級的控制系統(tǒng)之間在共同的通信媒體上進行雙向傳送。通過現(xiàn)場總線連接可省去66%或更多的現(xiàn)場信號連接導線?，F(xiàn)場總線的引入導致ＤCS的變革和新一代圍繞開放自動化系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)場總線化儀表，如智能變送器、智能執(zhí)行器、現(xiàn)場總線化檢測儀表、現(xiàn)場總線化PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)和現(xiàn)場就地控制站等的發(fā)展。 </p><p>　　2.6 交流傳動技術(shù)</p>&l

66、t;p>　　傳動技術(shù)在鋼鐵工業(yè)中起作至關(guān)重要的作用。隨著電力技術(shù)和微電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，交流調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展非常迅速。由于交流傳動的優(yōu)越性，電氣傳動技術(shù)在不久的將來由交流傳動全面取代直流傳動，數(shù)字技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使復雜的矢量控制技術(shù)實用化得以實現(xiàn)，交流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的調(diào)速性能已達到和超過直流調(diào)速水平?，F(xiàn)在無論大容量電機或中小容量電機都可以使用同步電機或異步電機實現(xiàn)可逆平滑調(diào)速。交流傳動系統(tǒng)在軋鋼生產(chǎn)中一出現(xiàn)就受到用戶的歡迎，應用不斷擴大。<