數(shù)控專業(yè)外文翻譯----數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢

1、<p><b>　　附錄1</b></p><p>　　The development trend of the numerical control technology</p><p>　　Summary : Have introduced numerical control technology and the development trend of

2、the equipment and the current situations of the technical development of numerical control equipment and industrialization of our country of our times briefly , have discussed under the new environment further deepened i

3、n our country's accession to the WTO and opening to the outside world on this basis, develop technology of numerical control of our country and the importance of the information-based level of man</p><p>

4、;　　The engineering level of equipment industry and modernized intensity are determining the level of the whole national economy and modernized intensity , numerical control technology and equip , develop new developing n

5、ew high-tech industry and most advanced industry To can make technology and basic equipment most (national defense industry industries , such as information technology and their industry , biotechnology , industry , avia

6、tion , spaceflight ,etc. ). Marx has ever said " the difference</p><p>　　Numerical control technology to go on technology that control with digital information to mechanical movement and working course,

7、 numerical control equipment whether represented by technology of numerical control new technology make industry and new developing infiltration electromechanics integrated product that form of manufacturing industry to

8、tradition, i.e. what is called digitization equip, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Informati</p><p>　　Development trend of a numerical control techn

9、ology</p><p>　　The application of the technology of numerical control has not only brought the revolutionary change to traditional manufacturing industry, make the manufacturing industry become the industria

10、lized symbol , and with the constant development of the technology of numerical control and enlargement of application, the development of he some important trades (IT , car , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) t

11、o the national economy and the people's livelihood plays a more and more important role,</p><p>　　A high-speed , high finish machining technology and new trend equipped</p><p>　　Efficiency ,

12、 quality are subjects of the advanced manufacturing technology. At a high speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly, quality and grade to raise product, shorten production cycle and improve

13、 the competitive power of market. Japan carry technological research association classify their as one of the 5 loud modern manufacturing technologies first for this reason, learn (CIRP ) to confirm it as the centre in t

14、he 21st century to study one of the directions i</p><p>　　According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, the high-speed machining center enters for the pace to can reach 80m/min , even high, air transport compet

15、ent pace can reach 100m/min about. A lot of car factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, adopt , substitute and make the lathe up with high-speed machining center p

16、roduction line part that make up already. HyperMach lathe of Company , CINCINNATI of U.S.A. , enter , give pace to be most loud to </p><p>　　In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression acc

17、use of machining accuracy of lathe raise to 5μm , from 3- 5μm accurate grades of machining center from 10μm already, improve to 1- 1.5μm, and the ultraprecision machining accuracy has already begun to enter nanometer (0.

18、01μm )ly. In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . For realiz</p

19、><p>　　5 axles link and process and compound and process the lathe to develop fast</p><p>　　Adopt 5 axle link , to three-dimensional curved surface processing of part , can cut with the best geomet

20、irc form of the cutter, not only highly polished, but also efficiency is improved by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged , a 5 axle gear beds of efficiency can equal 2 3 axle gear beds , use cubic nitrogen boro

21、n wait ultra hard material milling cutter go on at a high speed milling , sharpening , quenching hard steel at the part, 5 axle link , process constant 3 axle link , process ,</p><p>　　At EMO2001 exhibition,

22、 new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt compound main shaft hair, can realize 4 processing and arbitrary processing of angle of vertical plane, make 5 process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized a

23、t the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls . Company , DMG of Germany , exhibit DMUVoution series machining center , can put , insert , down 5 process and 5 axes lin

24、k and process in one, can be controlle</p><p>　　intellectualizations, open style, the network turns into for the contemporary numerical control system development mainly hastens</p><p>　　The 21s

25、t century numerical control equipments will be has certain intellectualized the system, the intellectualized content including in numerical control system each aspect: In order to pursue the processing efficiency and the

26、 processing quality aspect intellectualization, like processing process adaptive control, craft parameter automatic production; In order to enhance the actuation performance and the use connection convenient intellectual

27、ization, like the feed-forward control, the electrica</p><p>　　In order to solve the traditional numerical control system seal and the numerical control application software industry production existence que

28、stion. At present many countries conduct the research to the open style numerical control system, like US'S NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), European Economic Community's OSACA (Open System

29、 Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), Japan's OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller), China's ONC (Open Numerical Control</p><p>　　The network numerical control equipment is a

30、nearly two year international famous engine beds expositions new luminescent spot. The numerical control equipment network enormously will satisfy the production line, the manufacture system, the manufacture enterprise t

31、o the information integration demand, also will be realizes new manufacture pattern like agile manufacture, hypothesized enterprise, the global manufacture foundation unit. The domestic and foreign some famous numerical

32、controls engine</p><p>　　1.4 takes the new technical standard, the standard establishment</p><p>　　1.4.1 about numerical control system design development gauge</p><p>　　As noted pr

33、eviously, there are better commonability , flexibility , adaptability , expanding in the open numerical control system, countries such as U.S.A. , European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development pl

34、an one after another , carry on research and formulation of the systematic norm of structural numerical control of the open system (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ), 3 of world heavy economy carry on the same science plan and stand

35、ardize formulation nearly in a short time most, h</p><p>　　1.4.2 About the numerical control standard</p><p>　　The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development

36、of manufacturing industry. Numerical control technology information exchange of 50 year born , to based on ISO6983 standard, adopt G , M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing cou

37、rse, obviously, he can't meet demands of high-speed development of the technology of modern numerical control more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system st</p><p&g

38、t;　　The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technical field of the numerical control, on development and even the whole manufacturing industry of the technology of numerical control , will exert a far-reachi

39、ng influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea , in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on single computer. Under the new standard, NC p

40、rocedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a directi</p><p>　　At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1- 2001.12.3

41、 ) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users , manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufac

42、turing industry in the global range, he has already developed and accused of the super model (Super Model ) of information exchange of machine tool</p><p>　　pairs of basic estimations of technology and indus

43、try development of numerical control of our country</p><p>　　The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stag

44、es: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, i.e. closed developing stage. In this stages, technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of the technology of numeric

45、al control is comparatively slow. During " Sixth Five-Year Plan Period " , " the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period " of the country in sec</p><p>　　Review the development course in the past 5

46、0 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially pass the brainstorm of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements.</p><p>　　a. Have establish the foundation of the te

47、chnical development of numerical control, has basically mastered the technology of modern numerical control. Our country know from numerical control system , servo urge , numerical control host computer , special plane a

48、nd their basic of fittings basically already now, among them most technology have already possessed the foundation that is commercialized and developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized.<

49、/p><p>　　a.Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize , set up the systematic factories of n

50、umerical control with production capacity of batch such as numerical control of Central China , spaceflight numerical control etc.. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, a batch of servo systems and first machine tool p

51、lant , first machine tool plant of Jinan of servo electrical machinery factory </p><p>　　b.Have set up research of a numerical control, development , managerial talent's basic team . Though has made cons

52、iderable progress in research and development and industrialization of the technology of numerical control, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our

53、 country, there is greater disparity between current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level especially in industrialization. Though very fas</p><p>　　a.On the engineering level, in

54、probably backward 10- 1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology.</p><p>　　b.At the industrialization level, the market share is

55、 low, the variety coverage rate is low, have not formed the large-scale production yet; Function part specialized level of production and form a complete set ability to be lower; Appearance quality is relatively poor; De

56、pendability is not high, the commercialized intensity is insufficient; Not setting up one's own brand effect yet in domestic numerical control system, users have insufficient confidence. </p><p>　　c.At t

57、he ability of sustainable development, to competition numerical control research and development of technology, engineered ability weaker; Numerical control technological application expand efforts to be better; The rese

58、arch , formulation that relevant standards are normal lags behind.</p><p>　　It is analyzed that the main reason for having disparity described above has the following several respect.</p><p>　　a

59、.Realize the respect. Know to domestic numerical control industry process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic insufficiently; One that is to market unstandard, foreign blockade add strangle , system ,et

60、c. underestimate while being difficult; It is not enough to analyze to technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country. </p><p>　　b.System. Pay close attention to numerical co

61、ntrol industrialization many in the issue , consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one , industry chain in terms of technology; Set up intact related sys

62、tem , complete training , service network ,etc. of high quality support the system.</p><p>　　c.Mechanism. The bad mechanism causes the brain drain , restraining technology and technological route from innova

63、ting again , products innovation, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty. d.Technology. Enterprises are indifferent in autonomous innovation i

64、n technology, key technology is engineered and indifferent. Lathe standard lag behind, level relatively low, numerical control system new standard study enoughly.</p><p>　　3 strategic thinking until technolo

65、gy and industrialization of numerical control of our country develop</p><p>　　3.1 Strategic consideration</p><p>　　Our country of strategic consideration makes the big country , should try hard

66、to accept the front instead of the back transformation in the world industry shifts , should master and make key technology advancedly , otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, of our c

67、ountry manufacturing industry step forward " the empty core ". We regard resource , environment , market as cost, possibility got to exchange " assemble the centre ", but not master the status of the

68、m</p><p>　　We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to the technology of numerical control and industry's question , at first seen from social safety, because manufact

69、uring industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the people's living standard but also can relieve the pressure of employment of

70、 our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from security of national </p><p>　　3.2 Development tactics</p><p>　　Proceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the

71、 country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of the national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equipping ind

72、ustry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose the support technology that the initial our country makes the key technology upgraded in development of equipping industry and

73、s</p><p>　　Emphasize market demand is a direction, take terminal products of numerical control as the core , with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide

74、range, milling machine , high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe , model digitized machinery , key industry key equipment ,etc. ) drive numerical control development of industry. Solve the numeri

75、cal control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability in (digi</p><p>　　In equipping researching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production,

76、learning and research and close combination of end user, regard " obtaining, using, selling " as the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in order to solve the needing badly of the country.

77、 The technology of numerical control, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing technology and products with independent intellectual property right befo</p><p><b>　　附錄2</b&g

78、t;</p><p><b>　　數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢</b></p><p>　　1　國內(nèi)外數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展概況</p><p>　　隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)開始了根本性變革，各工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家投入巨資，對現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究開發(fā)，提出了全新的制造模式。在現(xiàn)代制造系統(tǒng)中，數(shù)控技術(shù)是關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，它集微電子、計(jì)算機(jī)、信息處理、自動檢測、自動控制等

79、高新技術(shù)于一體，具有高精度、高效率、柔性自動化等特點(diǎn)，對制造業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)柔性自動化、集成化、智能化起著舉足輕重的作用。目前，數(shù)控技術(shù)正在發(fā)生根本性變革，由專用型封閉式開環(huán)控制模式向通用型開放式實(shí)時(shí)動態(tài)全閉環(huán)控制模式發(fā)展。在集成化基礎(chǔ)上，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了超薄型、超小型化；在智能化基礎(chǔ)上，綜合了計(jì)算機(jī)、多媒體、模糊控制、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等多學(xué)科技術(shù)，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了高速、高精、高效控制，加工過程中可以自動修正、調(diào)節(jié)與補(bǔ)償各項(xiàng)參數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了在線診斷和智能化故障處

80、理；在網(wǎng)絡(luò)化基礎(chǔ)上，CAD/CAM與數(shù)控系統(tǒng)集成為一體，機(jī)床聯(lián)網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中央集中控制的群控加工。</p><p>　　長期以來，我國的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)為傳統(tǒng)的封閉式體系結(jié)構(gòu)，CNC只能作為非智能的機(jī)床運(yùn)動控制器。加工過程變量根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)以固定參數(shù)形式事先設(shè)定，加工程序在實(shí)際加工前用手工方式或通過CAD/CAM及自動編程系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行編制。CAD/CAM和CNC之間沒有反饋控制環(huán)節(jié)，整個(gè)制造過程中CNC只是一個(gè)封閉式的開環(huán)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。

81、在復(fù)雜環(huán)境以及多變條件下，加工過程中的刀具組合、工件材料、主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、進(jìn)給速率、刀具軌跡、切削深度、步長、加工余量等加工參數(shù)，無法在現(xiàn)場環(huán)境下根據(jù)外部干擾和隨機(jī)因素實(shí)時(shí)動態(tài)調(diào)整，更無法通過反饋控制環(huán)節(jié)隨機(jī)修正CAD/CAM中的設(shè)定量，因而影響CNC的工作效率和產(chǎn)品加工質(zhì)量。由此可見，傳統(tǒng)CNC系統(tǒng)的這種固定程序控制模式和封閉式體系結(jié)構(gòu)，限制了CNC向多變量智能化控制發(fā)展，已不適應(yīng)日益復(fù)雜的制造過程，因此，對數(shù)控技術(shù)實(shí)行變革勢在必行。<

82、;/p><p>　　2　數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　2.1　性能發(fā)展方向</p><p>　　(1)高速高精高效化　速度、精度和效率是機(jī)械制造技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵性能指標(biāo)。由于采用了高速CPU芯片、RISC芯片、多CPU控制系統(tǒng)以及帶高分辨率絕對式檢測元件的交流數(shù)字伺服系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)采取了改善機(jī)床動態(tài)、靜態(tài)特性等有效措施，機(jī)床的高速高精高效化已大大提高。</p>

83、<p>　　(2)柔性化　包含兩方面：數(shù)控系統(tǒng)本身的柔性，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，功能覆蓋面大，可裁剪性強(qiáng)，便于滿足不同用戶的需求；群控系統(tǒng)的柔性，同一群控系統(tǒng)能依據(jù)不同生產(chǎn)流程的要求，使物料流和信息流自動進(jìn)行動態(tài)調(diào)整，從而最大限度地發(fā)揮群控系統(tǒng)的效能。</p><p>　　(3)工藝復(fù)合性和多軸化　以減少工序、輔助時(shí)間為主要目的的復(fù)合加工，正朝著多軸、多系列控制功能方向發(fā)展。數(shù)控機(jī)床的工藝復(fù)合化是

84、指工件在一臺機(jī)床上一次裝夾后，通過自動換刀、旋轉(zhuǎn)主軸頭或轉(zhuǎn)臺等各種措施，完成多工序、多表面的復(fù)合加工。數(shù)控技術(shù)軸，西門子880系統(tǒng)控制軸數(shù)可達(dá)24軸。</p><p>　　(4)實(shí)時(shí)智能化　早期的實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)通常針對相對簡單的理想環(huán)境，其作用是如何調(diào)度任務(wù)，以確保任務(wù)在規(guī)定期限內(nèi)完成。而人工智能則試圖用計(jì)算模型實(shí)現(xiàn)人類的各種智能行為?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展到今天，實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)和人工智能相互結(jié)合，人工智能正向著具有實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)的、更現(xiàn)實(shí)

85、的領(lǐng)域發(fā)展，而實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)也朝著具有智能行為的、更加復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用發(fā)展，由此產(chǎn)生了實(shí)時(shí)智能控制這一新的領(lǐng)域。在數(shù)控技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，實(shí)時(shí)智能控制的研究和應(yīng)用正沿著幾個(gè)主要分支發(fā)展：自適應(yīng)控制、模糊控制、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制、專家控制、學(xué)習(xí)控制、前饋控制等。例如在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中配備編程專家系統(tǒng)、故障診斷專家系統(tǒng)、參數(shù)自動設(shè)定和刀具自動管理及補(bǔ)償?shù)茸赃m應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)，在高速加工時(shí)的綜合運(yùn)動控制中引入提前預(yù)測和預(yù)算功能、動態(tài)前饋功能，在壓力、溫度、位置、速度控制等方面采用模

86、糊控制，使數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的控制性能大大提高，從而達(dá)到最佳控制的目的。</p><p>　　2.2　功能發(fā)展方向</p><p>　　(1)用戶界面圖形化　用戶界面是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)與使用者之間的對話接口。由于不同用戶對界面的要求不同，因而開發(fā)用戶界面的工作量極大，用戶界面成為計(jì)算機(jī)軟件研制中最困難的部分之一。當(dāng)前INTERNET、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)、科學(xué)計(jì)算可視化及多媒體等技術(shù)也對用戶界面提出了更高要求。圖形用戶

87、界面極大地方便了非專業(yè)用戶的使用，人們可以通過窗口和菜單進(jìn)行操作，便于藍(lán)圖編程和快速編程、三維彩色立體動態(tài)圖形顯示、圖形模擬、圖形動態(tài)跟蹤和仿真、不同方向的視圖和局部顯示比例縮放功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　(2)科學(xué)計(jì)算可視化　科學(xué)計(jì)算可視化可用于高效處理數(shù)據(jù)和解釋數(shù)據(jù)，使信息交流不再局限于用文字和語言表達(dá)，而可以直接使用圖形、圖像、動畫等可視信息?？梢暬夹g(shù)與虛擬環(huán)境技術(shù)相結(jié)合，進(jìn)一步拓寬了應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，如無

88、圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)、虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)等，這對縮短產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)周期、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、降低產(chǎn)品成本具有重要意義。在數(shù)控技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，可視化技術(shù)可用于CAD/CAM，如自動編程設(shè)計(jì)、參數(shù)自動設(shè)定、刀具補(bǔ)償和刀具管理數(shù)據(jù)的動態(tài)處理和顯示以及加工過程的可視化仿真演示等。</p><p>　　(3)插補(bǔ)和補(bǔ)償方式多樣化　多種插補(bǔ)方式如直線插補(bǔ)、圓弧插補(bǔ)、圓柱插補(bǔ)、空間橢圓曲面插補(bǔ)、螺紋插補(bǔ)、極坐標(biāo)插補(bǔ)、2D+2螺旋插補(bǔ)、NANO插補(bǔ)、NURBS插補(bǔ)

89、(非均勻有理B樣條插補(bǔ))、樣條插補(bǔ)(A、B、C樣條)、多項(xiàng)式插補(bǔ)等。多種補(bǔ)償功能如間隙補(bǔ)償、垂直度補(bǔ)償、象限誤差補(bǔ)償、螺距和測量系統(tǒng)誤差補(bǔ)償、與速度相關(guān)的前饋補(bǔ)償、溫度補(bǔ)償、帶平滑接近和退出以及相反點(diǎn)計(jì)算的刀具半徑補(bǔ)償?shù)取?lt;/p><p>　　(4)內(nèi)裝高性能PLC　數(shù)控系統(tǒng)內(nèi)裝高性能PLC控制模塊，可直接用梯形圖或高級語言編程，具有直觀的在線調(diào)試和在線幫助功能。編程工具中包含用于車床銑床的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PLC用戶程序?qū)嵗?/p>

90、，用戶可在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PLC用戶程序基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行編輯修改，從而方便地建立自己的應(yīng)用程序。</p><p>　　(5)多媒體技術(shù)應(yīng)用　多媒體技術(shù)集計(jì)算機(jī)、聲像和通信技術(shù)于一體，使計(jì)算機(jī)具有綜合處理聲音、文字、圖像和視頻信息的能力。在數(shù)控技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，應(yīng)用多媒體技術(shù)可以做到信息處理綜合化、智能化，在實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)和生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場設(shè)備的故障診斷、生產(chǎn)過程參數(shù)監(jiān)測等方面有著重大的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。</p><p>　　2.3　

91、體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展</p><p>　　(1)集成化　采用高度集成化CPU、RISC芯片和大規(guī)?？删幊碳呻娐稦PGA、EPLD、CPLD以及專用集成電路ASIC芯片，可提高數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的集成度和軟硬件運(yùn)行速度。應(yīng)用FPD平板顯示技術(shù)，可提高顯示器性能。平板顯示器具有科技含量高、重量輕、體積小、功耗低、便于攜帶等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)超大尺寸顯示，成為和CRT抗衡的新興顯示技術(shù)，是21世紀(jì)顯示技術(shù)的主流。應(yīng)用先進(jìn)封裝和互連技術(shù)，將

92、半導(dǎo)體和表面安裝技術(shù)融為一體。通過提高集成電路密度、減少互連長度和數(shù)量來降低產(chǎn)品價(jià)格，改進(jìn)性能，減小組件尺寸，提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性。</p><p>　　(2)模塊化　硬件模塊化易于實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的集成化和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。根據(jù)不同的功能需求，將基本模塊，如CPU、存儲器、位置伺服、PLC、輸入輸出接口、通訊等模塊，作成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的系列化產(chǎn)品，通過積木方式進(jìn)行功能裁剪和模塊數(shù)量的增減，構(gòu)成不同檔次的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。</p>&

93、lt;p>　　(3)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化　機(jī)床聯(lián)網(wǎng)可進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程控制和無人化操作。通過機(jī)床聯(lián)網(wǎng)，可在任何一臺機(jī)床上對其它機(jī)床進(jìn)行編程、設(shè)定、操作、運(yùn)行，不同機(jī)床的畫面可同時(shí)顯示在每一臺機(jī)床的屏幕上。</p><p>　　(4)通用型開放式閉環(huán)控制模式　采用通用計(jì)算機(jī)組成總線式、模塊化、開放式、嵌入式體系結(jié)構(gòu)，便于裁剪、擴(kuò)展和升級，可組成不同檔次、不同類型、不同集成程度的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。閉環(huán)控制模式是針對傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)僅有的專用型單

94、機(jī)封閉式開環(huán)控制模式提出的。由于制造過程是一個(gè)具有多變量控制和加工工藝綜合作用的復(fù)雜過程，包含諸如加工尺寸、形狀、振動、噪聲、溫度和熱變形等各種變化因素，因此，要實(shí)現(xiàn)加工過程的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化，必須采用多變量的閉環(huán)控制，在實(shí)時(shí)加工過程中動態(tài)調(diào)整加工過程變量。加工過程中采用開放式通用型實(shí)時(shí)動態(tài)全閉環(huán)控制模式，易于將計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)智能技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、多媒體技術(shù)、CAD/CAM、伺服控制、自適應(yīng)控制、動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)管理及動態(tài)刀具補(bǔ)償、動態(tài)仿真等高新技術(shù)融于一

95、體，構(gòu)成嚴(yán)密的制造過程閉環(huán)控制體系，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)集成化、智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。</p><p>　　3　智能化新一代PCNC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　當(dāng)前開發(fā)研究適應(yīng)于復(fù)雜制造過程的、具有閉環(huán)控制體系結(jié)構(gòu)的、智能化新一代PCNC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)已成為可能。智能化新一代PCNC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)將計(jì)算機(jī)智能技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、CAD/CAM、伺服控制、自適應(yīng)控制、動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)管理及動態(tài)刀具補(bǔ)償、動態(tài)仿真等高新技術(shù)融于一體，