外文翻譯--管理信息系統(tǒng)的研究和應(yīng)用

1、<p>　　本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（翻譯）</p><p>　　題 目 </p><p>　　作者姓名 XXX </p><p>　　專(zhuān)業(yè)名稱(chēng) 計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù) </p>

2、<p>　　學(xué)科門(mén)類(lèi) 理科 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)老師 xxx </p><p>　　提交翻譯日期 二○一四年六月 </p><p>　　Research and Application of Management Information Systems

3、</p><p>　　管理信息系統(tǒng)的研究和應(yīng)用</p><p>　　Abstract: Management Information System provides an effective way for enterprises to improve their competitive abilities. It presents a framework for improving th

4、e management models through the design and implementation of effective and high-quality MIS. So it is very important to the modern management of corporations. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system is one of the core

5、parts of MIS, which solves the matter of management model mainly. ERP is a popular method enabling the business proces</p><p>　　Key words: Management Information System (MIS);Enterprise Resource Planning (ER

6、P);information technology system development;system structure;</p><p>　　1. Introduction</p><p>　　The information age is coming, which gives the manufacturers more new opportunities and more new

7、challenges. They must adjust their management models and their operation systems to meet the changes of their customers’ demands and the more and more fierce competition. MIS deals with the planning, development, managem

8、ent and use of information technology tools, to help people perform all tasks related to information processing and management. The MIS has become an essential part of </p><p>　　摘要：管理信息系統(tǒng)為企業(yè)提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力提供了一個(gè)有效途徑。它

9、提出了一個(gè)通過(guò)制定和實(shí)施有效的、高質(zhì)量的MIS系統(tǒng)改善管理模式框架，所以這是非常重要的現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理方法。企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃（ERP）系統(tǒng)的核心部分的管理信息系統(tǒng)，主要解決問(wèn)題的管理模式。全球化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)需要業(yè)務(wù)流程的進(jìn)行，ERP系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)受歡迎的方法。論文引用SAP R/3系統(tǒng)推出的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的ERP 。全球企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃實(shí)施正日益成為成功的選擇，管理信息系統(tǒng)。 </p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：管理信息系統(tǒng)（MIS）；企業(yè)資

10、源規(guī)劃（ERP）；信息技術(shù)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展；體系結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p><b>　　1.引言 </b></p><p>　　信息時(shí)代的到來(lái)，制造商面臨更多新機(jī)會(huì)和更多新挑戰(zhàn)。他們必須調(diào)整自己的管理模式和運(yùn)作系統(tǒng)，以滿(mǎn)足他們的變化，客戶(hù)的需求和越來(lái)越激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。管理信息系統(tǒng)涉及規(guī)劃，開(kāi)發(fā)，管理和使用信息技術(shù)工具，以幫助人們完成所有任務(wù)有關(guān)的信息處理和管理。管理信息系統(tǒng)已成為一個(gè)

11、企業(yè)和政府組織不可或缺的組成部分。技術(shù)和組織工作是設(shè)計(jì)，開(kāi)發(fā)和管理這些系統(tǒng)必要的的專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí)。作為學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域，管理信息系統(tǒng)包括兩個(gè)廣泛的領(lǐng)域：</p><p>　　business and government organizations. Both technical and organizational expertise is necessary for designing, developing and ma

12、naging these systems. As an academic field, MIS encompasses two broad areas:</p><p>　　(1) Acquisition, deployment, and management of information technology resources and services;</p><p>　　(2) D

13、evelopment of infrastructure, systems and processes (systems development).</p><p>　　These key business areas today are integral to enterprise strategy and vital to maintain competitive advantages. But lack o

14、f training in existing hardware/software and related technologies and inadequate education regarding new development in MIS are critical barriers to success. So the demand for management information system research and e

15、ducation is rising now.</p><p>　　2. MIS Development Life Cycle</p><p>　　The MIS development life cycle refers to analyze user needs and the selection, design, development, implementation and mai

16、ntenance of application systems.</p><p>　　(1) Needs analysis: conduct preliminary analysis, propose alternative solutions, describe costs and benefits ofeach solution, and submit a preliminary plan with <

17、/p><p>　?。?）購(gòu)買(mǎi)，部署和管理的信息技術(shù)資源和服務(wù)。</p><p>　?。?）發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，制度和程序（系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)）。 </p><p>　　今天，這些關(guān)鍵的業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域都是企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略和保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的重要優(yōu)勢(shì)。但由于缺乏培訓(xùn)，現(xiàn)有的硬件/軟件和相關(guān)技術(shù)和教育不足成為MIS系統(tǒng)中的障礙，有關(guān)新的發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的，也取得了一定成功。所以，需求管理信息系統(tǒng)的研究和教育是上升了

18、。 </p><p>　　2．MIS系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)生命周期 </p><p>　　管理信息系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)生命周期是指用戶(hù)的需求分析和選擇，設(shè)計(jì)，開(kāi)發(fā)，實(shí)施和維護(hù)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　?。?）需求分析：進(jìn)行初步分析，提出解決方案，描述的成本和效益ofeach解決方案，并提交一份初步計(jì)劃與建議。 </p><p>　?。?）系統(tǒng)的分析：收集數(shù)據(jù)，分析

19、 </p><p>　　recommendations.</p><p>　　(2) System analysis: gather data, analyze the data, and make a written report.</p><p>　　(3) System design: make a preliminary design and a detai

20、led design, and write a report.</p><p>　　(4) System development: acquire the hardware and software and test the system.</p><p>　　(5) System implementation: convert the hardware, software, and fi

21、les to the new system and train the users.</p><p>　　(6) System maintenance: audit the system, and evaluate it periodically.</p><p>　　3. Function of MIS</p><p>　　3.1 Using MIS to Red

22、uce Cost</p><p>　　Early users of computer systems achieved cost reduction primarily by automating highly labor-intensive processes. Today, automation is the only one of a large number of ways MIS to help man

23、agers reduce cost and implement a low-cost leadership strategy. The MIS can decrease cost by reducing the amount of labor, the time required for some processes, the rework and waste.</p><p>　　3.2 Business Pr

24、ocess Redesign</p><p>　　Companies that blindly automate existing systems rarely eliminate their inefficiencies. Manual processes in most companies are evolved to accommodate </p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)，并提出一份書(shū)面

25、報(bào)告。 </p><p>　?。?）系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)：進(jìn)行初步設(shè)計(jì)和詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，并寫(xiě)了一份報(bào)告。 </p><p>　　（4）系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展：收購(gòu)的硬件和軟件和測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。 </p><p>　?。?）系統(tǒng)實(shí)施：轉(zhuǎn)換的硬件，軟件和文件，以新的制度和培訓(xùn)用戶(hù)。 </p><p>　?。?）系統(tǒng)維護(hù)：審計(jì)制度，并定期對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)估。</p><

26、p>　　3．管理信息系統(tǒng)的功能</p><p>　　3.1使用管理信息系統(tǒng)來(lái)降低成本 </p><p>　　早期的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)用戶(hù)實(shí)現(xiàn)降低成本，主要通過(guò)高度自動(dòng)勞力密集的過(guò)程。今天，自動(dòng)化是唯一一個(gè)大量的方式管理信息系統(tǒng)，以幫助管理人員降低成本和實(shí)施低成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略。管理信息系統(tǒng)可以降低成本，減少勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量的，所需的時(shí)間，一些進(jìn)程，返工和浪費(fèi)。 </p><p>

27、　　3.2再造業(yè)務(wù)流程 </p><p>　　公司現(xiàn)有自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)很少且盲目消除，使其效率低下。手工操作的流程，在大多數(shù)公司正在逐漸適應(yīng)人類(lèi)的局限。而自動(dòng)化的進(jìn)程往往限制，可能設(shè)計(jì)截然不 </p><p>　　human limitations. Automated processes that accomplish the same work without such constraint

28、s may often be designed quite differently. Business process redesign, also known as Business Process Reengineering (BPR), takes maximum advantage of information technology to break traditional notions of how an organizat

29、ion accomplishes its work.</p><p>　　3.3 Quality Purchasing and Manufacturing</p><p>　　Poor quality not only affects customers’ perceptions of a company’s products and services, but it also incre

30、ases a company’s costs. Quality-oriented organizations first diagnose their information needs and then design the strategic information systems to meet these needs. The expert system coordinates the flow of information f

31、rom the customer, to the sales agent, and to the factory floor; it ensures that the products and manufacturing steps meet the customer’s specification.</p><p>　　3.4 Just-in-time Inventory</p><p>

32、;　　JIT reduces cost by obtaining inventory precisely as need—neither too early nor too late. JIT requires computers and information systems to monitor complex and interrelated inventory, and to plan and monitor the Needs

33、 analysis </p><p>　　同，完成的工作相同。這種業(yè)務(wù)流程的重新設(shè)計(jì)，也被稱(chēng)為業(yè)務(wù)流程再造（ BPR的），需要最大限度地利用信息技術(shù)，打破傳統(tǒng)觀念如何組織完成其工作。</p><p>　　3.3采購(gòu)和制造質(zhì)量 </p><p>　　一個(gè)公司的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，質(zhì)量差，不僅影響到客戶(hù)的看法，而且還增加公司的成本。組織第一次診斷以質(zhì)量為導(dǎo)向的信息需求，然后再設(shè)

34、計(jì)的戰(zhàn)略信息系統(tǒng)，以滿(mǎn)足這些需求。專(zhuān)家坐標(biāo)信息系統(tǒng)的流動(dòng)從客戶(hù)，到銷(xiāo)售代理，并到工廠車(chē)間，它保證了產(chǎn)品和生產(chǎn)步驟滿(mǎn)足客戶(hù)的規(guī)格。 </p><p><b>　　3.4準(zhǔn)時(shí)庫(kù)存 </b></p><p>　　降低生產(chǎn)成本，需要準(zhǔn)確地獲取庫(kù)存，既不太早，也不太晚。準(zhǔn)時(shí)化要求計(jì)算機(jī)和信息系統(tǒng)，以監(jiān)測(cè)復(fù)雜和相互關(guān)聯(lián)的清單，并計(jì)劃和監(jiān)測(cè)需求分析，維護(hù)系統(tǒng)的分析，執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。

35、開(kāi)發(fā)企業(yè)外部環(huán)境的企業(yè)內(nèi)部環(huán)境的物流需要，以補(bǔ)充庫(kù)存。 </p><p>　　Maintenance Systems analysis Implementation Systems design Development Enterprise external environment Enterprise internal environment logistics required to replenish in

36、ventory.</p><p>　　3.5 Flattening</p><p>　　Advances in telecommunications and improvements in networking hardware and software spurred companies to use MIS to reorganize. Technology allows the fl

37、attening of organizational hierarchies and reduction in the number of managers motivated by the movement to team-based management. Improvements in communication technology have also supported the management of geographic

38、ally separate business units from a central corporate headquarters.</p><p>　　4. The Development Trend of MIS</p><p>　　4.1 Using Computer-aided System Engineering (CASE)</p><p>　　CAS

39、E is a method that defines business relationships, activities, processes, entities, and attributes (known as data definitions). CASE reduces duplicate information and quickly reconciles data among subsystem models. The s

40、oftware </p><p><b>　　3.5壓縮</b></p><p>　　電信公司方面改善網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件和推動(dòng)軟件的進(jìn)展，使用MIS系統(tǒng)重組。技術(shù)可以平坦的組織層次和數(shù)量的減少管理者動(dòng)機(jī)是運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)的管理。改善通信技術(shù)也支持在地理上分開(kāi)管理的業(yè)務(wù)部門(mén)從中央企業(yè)總部。 </p><p>　　4．該管理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) </p>

41、<p>　　4.1利用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程系統(tǒng)（案件） </p><p>　　案件的方法，業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系，活動(dòng)，程序，實(shí)體和屬性（也稱(chēng)為數(shù)據(jù)定義） 。案例減少重復(fù)的信息，并迅速協(xié)調(diào)各子系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)模型。該軟件保持所有文件。作為系統(tǒng)工程師確定業(yè)務(wù)需求的應(yīng)用，系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)保持實(shí)際文件。一旦分析和設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)完成，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的結(jié)構(gòu)和程序的源代碼自動(dòng)生</p><p>　　maintains all docum

42、entation. As system engineers identify application business requirements, the system automatically maintains actual documentation. Once analysis and design are complete, database structures and program source code are au

43、tomatically generated.</p><p>　　4.2 Creating Inter-organizational System with the Internet</p><p>　　A growing number of companies are using the Internet to create inter-organizational systems an

44、d check out the competition. For creating inter-organizational systems, most organizations are simply using the Internet to create customer integrated systems and perform electronic data interchange with suppliers and cu

45、stomers. Others have begun to take advantage of the Internet to form electronic information partnerships for sharing information.</p><p>　　5. Application Example of MIS</p><p>　　ERP system is on

46、e of the core parts of MIS, which solves the matter of management model mainly. ERP is a popular method for enabling the business processes required to compete with the globalization. ERP cleanly integrates the </p>

47、;<p>　　different functions of an organization in</p><p><b>　　成。</b></p><p>　　4.2建立組織間系統(tǒng)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng) </p><p>　　越來(lái)越多的公司正在利用因特網(wǎng)來(lái)創(chuàng)造組織間系統(tǒng)和簽出的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。建立組織間的系統(tǒng)，大多數(shù)組織僅僅是利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來(lái)創(chuàng)造客戶(hù)集成系統(tǒng)

48、和執(zhí)行電子數(shù)據(jù)交換與供應(yīng)商和客戶(hù)。其他已開(kāi)始利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，形成電子信息的伙伴關(guān)系，共享信息。 </p><p>　　5.MIS系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用實(shí)例 </p><p>　　ERP系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)管理信息系統(tǒng)的核心部分，解決問(wèn)題的主要管理模式。 ERP系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)受歡迎的方法，使業(yè)務(wù)流程的需要進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的全球化。 ERP系統(tǒng)集成了干凈的不同職能的組織，以便更好地提供重要信息的用戶(hù)和提高數(shù)據(jù)的一致性。這有助于制造商

49、迅速響應(yīng)客戶(hù)的需求。此</p><p>　　order to improve delivery of critical information to users and improve data consistency. This helps manufacturers to respond quickly to customer demands. In addition, the information is

50、accurate and updated in real time by the users. It is readily accessible when critical decisions need to be made .The thesis cites an example of the successful implementing ERP system—SAP R/3 to introduce the general str

51、ucture and function of ERP.</p><p>　　ERP Function System of SAP R/3</p><p>　　(1) Production planning</p><p>　　Production logistics is the SAP solution for a modern production plan a

52、nd control system. It provides quick deliverability by shortening planning cycles, providing up-to-date information, and increasing the productivity of work processes. It is flexible, since it can be used in any sector o

53、f industry. The integration of production logistics with other value chain areas of the business within the overall R/3 system ensures optimally adjusted processing of all transactions associated with logistic</p>

54、<p>　　外，信息的準(zhǔn)確性和實(shí)時(shí)更新的用戶(hù)。這是容易獲得重要決定時(shí)，需要作出的。論文舉例成功實(shí)施ERP系統(tǒng)的SAP R/3系統(tǒng)推出的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的ERP 。</p><p>　　ERP系統(tǒng)SAP R/3系統(tǒng)的功能</p><p><b>　?。?）生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃 </b></p><p>　　生產(chǎn)物流的SAP解決方案是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的生產(chǎn)

55、計(jì)劃和控制系統(tǒng)。它提供了快速產(chǎn)能，縮短規(guī)劃周期，提供最新的信息，及提高生產(chǎn)力的工作流程。它是靈活的，因?yàn)樗捎糜谌魏喂I(yè)部門(mén)。一體化的生產(chǎn)物流與其他領(lǐng)域的價(jià)值鏈的企業(yè)的總體R/3系統(tǒng)，確保最佳的調(diào)整處理的所有交易相關(guān)的物流，采購(gòu)和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，以銷(xiāo)售和分銷(xiāo)。因此，生產(chǎn)物流提供了一個(gè)高水平的績(jī)效的計(jì)劃和控制的總物質(zhì)流。 </p><p>　　(2) Sales and distribution</p><

56、;p>　　The sales logistics business process scenario in R/3 allows users to manage sales and distribution activities in an effective manner. The business processes include scenarios for sales, shipping, billing, sales s

57、upport, and sales information. With real time, online access to sales information, such tasks as order entry, delivery, and billing are all streamlined. In addition, sales and distribution can be integrated with procurem

58、ent and production planning, improving turnaround time up and down t</p><p>　　(3) Organization and human resource management</p><p>　　In many industries, the human resource typically exist in th

59、e company every field. Having modern and flexiblehuman resource processes makes better use of these assets and can make the difference in whether a company thrives over time. The R/3 has following functions in human reso

60、urce management: personnel management, business event processing, time management processing, payroll processing, and salary administration.</p><p>　　(4) Business planning and controlling</p><p>

61、;　　The functionality of R/3 in the business planning and controlling area can </p><p><b>　?。?）銷(xiāo)售與分銷(xiāo) </b></p><p>　　銷(xiāo)售物流業(yè)務(wù)流程的情況在R / 3系統(tǒng)允許用戶(hù)管理銷(xiāo)售和分銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)的一個(gè)有效方式。業(yè)務(wù)流程包括情景銷(xiāo)售，運(yùn)輸，結(jié)算，銷(xiāo)售支持和銷(xiāo)售信息。實(shí)

62、時(shí)，在線(xiàn)獲取銷(xiāo)售信息，例如任務(wù)，訂單輸入，供貨和結(jié)算都精簡(jiǎn)。此外，銷(xiāo)售和分銷(xiāo)可與采購(gòu)和生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃，提高周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間向上和向下的價(jià)值鏈。 </p><p>　?。?）組織和人力資源管理 </p><p>　　在很多行業(yè)，人力資源通常存在于公司的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。在現(xiàn)代和flexiblehuman資源進(jìn)程使更好地利用這些資產(chǎn)，可以使不同的公司是否蓬勃發(fā)展隨著時(shí)間的推移。在R / 3系統(tǒng)具有以下功能的人力資源

63、管理：人事管理，業(yè)務(wù)事件處理，時(shí)間管理處理，工資單處理，和薪金管理。 </p><p>　?。?）業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)劃和控制 </p><p>　　R/3系統(tǒng)中的業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)劃和控制區(qū)的功能可分為以下內(nèi)容：目標(biāo)成本控制，盈利能力分析，利潤(rùn)中心會(huì)計(jì)，和間接成本管 </p><p>　　be divided into the following: cost object controll

64、ing, profitability analysis, profit center accounting, and overhead cost management. This information is designed to improve cost accounting in the area of sales, marketing, business planning, and product management. It

65、is especially applicable for companies involved in manufacturing, trade, or service industries.</p><p>　　6. Conclusion</p><p>　　The process of continuously improving MIS programs is challenged b

66、y the rapid evolution of technology and the new visibility that information technology has within organizations. Of paramount importance is the infrastructure required to implement an MIS program; it must be available or

67、 achievable. MIS programs need to be frequently revised to ensure that this infrastructure is feasible and supported.</p><p>　　理。此信息的目的是改善成本會(huì)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的銷(xiāo)售，營(yíng)銷(xiāo)，業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)劃，以及產(chǎn)品管理。它特別適用于企業(yè)從事制造業(yè)，貿(mào)易，或服務(wù)行業(yè)。 </p><p>

68、;<b>　　6.結(jié)論 </b></p><p>　　組織管理信息系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的過(guò)程中不斷提高挑戰(zhàn)技術(shù)的，信息技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展和有了新的知名度。最為重要的是所需要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施實(shí)施管理信息系統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃，它必須提供或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。管理信息系統(tǒng)的程序需要經(jīng)常修訂，以確?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施，這是可行的和支持。 </p><p>　　References: </p><p>　　[

69、1] R. Harrison, M. Wells.A Meta-analysis of Multidisciplinary Research[J]. Conference on Empirical Assessment in Software Engineering, 2000,(2): 1-15.</p><p>　　[2] C. Potts. Software Engineering Research Rev

70、isited[J]. IEEE Software May,1993: 234-250. </p><p>　　[3]A.F. Farhoomand, D.H. Drury.A Historiographical Examination of Information Systems [J]. Communication of the AIS, 2000, (1) :19.</p><p>　

71、　[4] M. Alavi, P. Carlson. A Review of MIS Research and Disciplinary Development: Implications for Deans/Administrators[J]. Management Information Systems, 1992,(8): 45-62.</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn):</b>&

72、lt;/p><p>　　[1] R. Harrison, M. Wells.A Meta-analysis of Multidisciplinary Research[J]. Conference on Empirical Assessment in Software Engineering, 2000,(2): 1-15.</p><p>　　[2] C. Potts. Software E

73、ngineering Research Revisited[J]. IEEE Software May,1993: 234-250.</p><p>　　[3] A.F. Farhoomand, D.H. Drury.A Historiographical Examination of Information Systems [J]. Communication of the AIS, 2000, (1) :19