外文翻譯--汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)-車(chē)架設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p><b>　　附錄</b></p><p>　　Automobile Design----Frame Designs</p><p>　　The vehicle frame is the basic platform to which all suspension and steering linkage parts attach. A vehicl

2、e will neither steer nor handle well if the frame is too flexible. A rigid frame structure may pass unnecessary vibrations into the passenger compartment. The frame and suspension design will affect the ride quality, ha

3、ndling, and durability, as well as the levels of both noise and vibration.</p><p>　　Manufacturers use several different types of construction on their vehicles. Of these, separate body and frame construction

4、 was the most common through the 1970's. It is still used in large vans, pickups, and trucks. In this type of construction, the engine, drive line, running gear, and body mount to the frame through insulators. Insula

5、tors are synthetic rubber pads that keep road and engine noise and vibration from going into the passenger compartment.</p><p>　　A second type of construction is the unitized body. This, design is by far the

6、 most popular in modern vehicles. The unitized design has a lightweight structure with the required strength. Tn this type of construction, the frame is welded into the body as part of the body structure. Body panels add

7、 strength to the frame pieces. The running gear and drive line are mounted to the unitized body through large, soft synthetic rubber insulators. The insulators minimize the transfer of noise and vibrati</p><p&

8、gt;　　A third type of construction combines the features of the first and second types. It uses a stub frame from the bulkhead forward and a unitized body from the bulkhead back. The unitized part is very rigid, while the

9、 stub frame provides a place for good insulation.</p><p>　　Manufacturers select the type of construction .that is most economical to build,' while providing the noise, vibration, and ride and handling ch

10、aracteristics they want in the vehicle. Large older vehicles, vans, and trucks generally use separate body and frame construction. The newer, smaller' vehicles generally use unitized construction.</p><p>

11、;<b>　　汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)-車(chē)架設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　車(chē)架是汽車(chē)最基本的臺(tái)架，所有的懸架和轉(zhuǎn)向連接部件都安裝在車(chē)架上面。如果汽車(chē)車(chē)架柔性過(guò)大，會(huì)使汽車(chē)既無(wú)法轉(zhuǎn)向，也無(wú)法進(jìn)行正常操縱。而如果汽車(chē)車(chē)架結(jié)構(gòu)剛性過(guò)大，又會(huì)引起不必要的震動(dòng)傳遞給駕駛員和乘客的座艙室。汽車(chē)車(chē)架和懸架的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)不僅決定了汽車(chē)噪聲大小和震動(dòng)的幅度強(qiáng)度，而且也將影響到汽車(chē)的質(zhì)量和車(chē)輛的正常操縱。</p>

12、<p>　　汽車(chē)制造廠商們?cè)谒麄兩a(chǎn)的汽車(chē)上都使用了幾種不同的車(chē)架結(jié)構(gòu)。其中，整個(gè)七十年代最常使用的是殼體和大梁的分體結(jié)構(gòu)。目前它仍然在大型貨車(chē)、小噸位貨車(chē)和卡車(chē)上應(yīng)用著。在汽車(chē)殼體和大梁的分體結(jié)構(gòu)里，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、傳動(dòng)裝置、傳動(dòng)齒輪和車(chē)殼都是通過(guò)絕緣裝置固定在車(chē)身大梁上。車(chē)架內(nèi)部的絕緣裝置是人造橡膠緩沖墊，能夠阻止道路不平和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作引起的噪音和震動(dòng)傳到駕駛員和乘客的座艙里。</p><p>　　第二種是

13、汽車(chē)車(chē)架的單體結(jié)構(gòu)。這種設(shè)計(jì)到目前為止在現(xiàn)代汽車(chē)上是最常用。單體車(chē)架按所需的強(qiáng)度來(lái)分，設(shè)計(jì)有輕型結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種汽車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)中大梁作為車(chē)架的一部分被直接焊接到殼體上。底盤(pán)的重量增加了大梁的強(qiáng)度。傳動(dòng)齒輪和傳動(dòng)裝置經(jīng)由大而軟的人造橡膠絕緣墊安裝在單體車(chē)架上。絕緣墊減弱了噪聲的傳動(dòng)和震動(dòng)。若絕緣墊太軟，將會(huì)引起傳動(dòng)齒輪和傳動(dòng)裝置位移。這種位移稱(chēng)為柔量，它會(huì)影響到汽車(chē)的操縱性能和控制性能。若絕緣墊太硬，則不能起到應(yīng)有的隔絕噪音和減小震動(dòng)的作用。汽車(chē)制

14、造廠商們精心地設(shè)計(jì)絕緣墊，把它們裝置在汽車(chē)適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤剑越档驮肼?，緩沖震動(dòng)的傳送，使汽車(chē)便于駕駛，駕駛員和乘客乘坐舒適。絕緣墊的性能隨使用年限發(fā)生變化，當(dāng)汽車(chē)變舊時(shí)原先的性能也隨之改變。</p><p>　　第三種結(jié)構(gòu)是把前兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的主要特點(diǎn)結(jié)合在一起。它在汽車(chē)前艙使用了短車(chē)梁，在汽車(chē)后艙使用了單體車(chē)架。單體部分剛性很大，而短的車(chē)梁增強(qiáng)了絕緣作用。</p><p>　　汽車(chē)制造廠家們?cè)谄?chē)