鋼筋混凝土外文翻譯

1、<p>　　2.1 Reinforced Concrete</p><p>　　Plain concrete is formed from a hardened mixture of cement ,water ,fine aggregate, coarse aggregate (crushed stone or gravel),air, and often other admixtures. The

2、 plastic mix is placed and consolidated in the formwork, then cured to facilitate the acceleration of the chemical hydration reaction If the cement/water mix, resulting in hardened concrete. The finished product has high

3、 compressive strength, and low resistance to tension, such that its tensile strength is approximately one tenth If it</p><p>　　It is this deviation in the composition of a reinforces concrete section from th

4、e homogeneity of standard wood or steel sections that requires a modified approach to the basic principles of structural design. The two components of the heterogeneous reinforced concrete section are to be so arranged a

5、nd proportioned that optimal use is made of the materials involved. This is possible because concrete can easily be given any desired shape by placing and compacting the wet mixture of the constituent</p><p>

6、;　　The techniques necessary for placing concrete depend on the type of member to be cast ,that is, whether it is a column, a beams, a wall, a slab, a foundation. a mass columns, or an extension of previously placed and h

7、ardened concrete. For beams, columns, and walls, the forms should be well oiled after cleaning them, and the reinforcement should be cleared of rust and other harmful materials. In foundations, the earth should be compac

8、ted and thoroughly moistened to about 6 in. in depth to avoid a</p><p>　　Hydration of the cement takes place in the presence of moisture at temperatures above 50°F. It is necessary to maintain such a co

9、ndition in order that the chemical hydration reaction can take place. If drying is too rapid, surface cracking takes place. This would result in reduction of concrete strength due to cracking as well as the failure to at

10、tain full chemical hydration.</p><p>　　It is clear that a large number of parameters have to be dealt with in proportioning a reinforced concrete element, such as geometrical width, depth, area of reinforcem

11、ent, steel strain, concrete strain, steel stress, and so on. Consequently, trial and adjustment is necessary in the choice of concrete sections, with assumptions based on conditions at site, availability of the constitue

12、nt materials, particular demands of the owners, architectural and headroom requirements, the applicable codes, a</p><p>　　A trial section has to be chosen for each critical location in a structural system. T

13、he trial section has to be analyzed to determine if its nominal resisting strength is adequate to carry the applied factored load. Since more than one trial is often necessary to arrive at the required section the first

14、design input step generates into a series of trial and adjustment analyses.</p><p>　　The trial and adjustment procedures for the choice of a concrete section lead to the convergence of analysis and design. H

15、ence every design is an analysis once a trial section is chosen. The availability of handbooks, charts, and personal computers and programs supports this approach as a more efficient, compact, and speedy instructional me

16、thod compared with the traditional approach of treating the analysis of reinforced concrete separately from pure design.</p><p><b>　　鋼筋混凝土</b></p><p>　　普通混凝土是由水泥，水，細骨料，粗骨料（碎石或礫石），空氣和

17、其他一些經常用的外加劑等混合物構成。將混凝土放置在塑料模版內進行鞏固，加速水化反應，使混凝土盡快硬化。混凝土的成品有較高的抗壓強度，低導電性，它的抗拉強度約是抗壓強度的十分之一。因此，在混凝土拉伸的時候，拉伸和剪應力加固在抗拉地區(qū)部分分配給補償脆弱的地區(qū)。</p><p>　　正是因為這種偏差的存在，為了增強混凝土的抗壓承載能力，我們根據實際需要對不同標準的木材或形鋼的基本原理進行了結構設計，這兩個鋼筋混凝土異形

18、截面構件受力情況是最合理的。我們可以將任何想要的形狀通過壓縮潮濕的混合物形成正確勻稱的比例，成品變的很堅固，耐用，結合混凝土內配筋情況，設計成各種受力合理的構建。</p><p>　　混凝土構建類型的不同導致所需的技術不同即無論它是一列、梁、墻,一塊,一個基金會。一個大規(guī)模的列,或者一個擴展之前的放置和硬混凝。對于墻，梁，柱來說表面的清洗應該非常靈活，在加固前應該及時清除鐵銹和其他有害物質。在基金會上，地基應該夯

19、實，排水，地下水不能影響到混凝土的。通過高頻振動器的機動船根據實際需要將混凝土注入到水平層，但是震動會導致混凝土各層隔離或者水分溢出的現象。</p><p>　　溫度高于50°F的情況下水泥發(fā)生水化現象，我們需要保持這個狀態(tài)方便化學水化反應的發(fā)生，如果干燥過快，會導致地面開裂。地面開裂由于裂縫未能獲得全化學水分，導致混凝土的強度降低。</p><p>　　很明顯大量關于鋼筋混凝土

20、配合比的參數必須處理，如構件的幾何寬度，深度，面積加固，鋼筋應變，混凝土應變，鋼壓力等等。因此，對具體部分進行試驗和調整是非常必要的，基于現場條件進行假設，建筑和空間對組成材料的有特殊需求，相對于標準磨捏構造梁柱部分的鋼結構，適用的法規(guī)和環(huán)境鋼筋混凝土常常是一個站點構造的復合。</p><p>　　在結構體系中，試驗部分已經被選為各個關鍵部分。試驗部分必須進行分解，來確定實際受力是否足以承載力的極限。因為常常不只