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1、<p>  The development of industrial robots </p><p>  Industrial robot is a robot, it consists of a CaoZuoJi. Controller. Servo drive system and detection sensor device composition, it is a kind of human

2、oid operating automatic control, can repeat programming, can finish all kinds of assignments in three difficulties in authorship space the electromechanical integration automation production equipment, especially suitabl

3、e for many varieties, become batch flexible production. It to stabilize and improve the product quality, raise efficiency in produc</p><p>  Widely used industrial robots can gradually improve working condit

4、ions, stronger and controllable production capacity, speed up product updating and upgrading. Improve production efficiency and guarantee the quality of its products, eliminate dull work, save labor, provide a safe worki

5、ng environment, reduces the labor intensity, and reduce labor risk, improve the machine tool, reduce the workload and reduce process production time and inventory, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. </p>

6、<p>  As technology advances, the development of industrial robot, the process can be divided into three generations -- generation, for demonstration reproduce, and it mainly consists of robot hand controller and de

7、monstration teaching machines composed, can press advance box to record information guide action, the current industry repeated reappearance application of execution most. The second to feel robot, such as powerful sleep

8、 touch and vision, it has for some outside information feedback adjustm</p><p>  The United States is the birthplace of the robot, as early as in 1961, America's ConsolidedControlCorp and AMF companies d

9、eveloped the first practical demonstration emersion robot. After 40 years of development, the United States in the world of robotics has been in the lead position. Still Its technology comprehensive, advanced, adaptabili

10、ty is strong. </p><p>  Japan imported from America in 1967, the first robot in 1976 later, with the rapid development of the microelectronics and the market demand has increased dramatically, Japan was labo

11、r significant deficiencies in enterprise, industrial robots by "savior"'s welcome, make its Japanese industrial robots get fast development, the number of now whether robots or robot densities are top of th

12、e world, known as the "robot kingdom," said. The robot introduced from Germany time than Britain and Sweden abo</p><p>  The French government has been more important robot technology, and through

13、a series of research program, support established a complete science and technology system, make the development of the French robot smoothly. In government organization project, pay special attention to the robot resear

14、ch based technique, the focus is on the application research on in robot. And by industry support the development application and development of work, both supplement each other, make robots in France ent</p><

15、p>  British jamie since the late 1970s, promote and implement a department measures listed support the development of policies and make robots British industrial robots than today's robot powers started to early,

16、and once in Japan has made the early brilliance. However, at this time the government for industrial robots implemented the constraining errors. This mistake in Britain dust, the robot industry in Western Europe was almo

17、st in the bottom of it. In recent years, Italy, Sweden, Spain, Finland,</p><p>  Industrial robot in China started in early 1970s, after 30 years development, roughly experienced three stages: in the 1970s a

18、nd 1980s budding transplanter and the application of the 1990s initialization period. With the 20th century 70's world technology rapid development, the application of industrial robots in world created a climax, in

19、this context, our country in 1972 start developing their industrial robots. Enter after the 1980s, with the further reform and opening, in high technology wav</p><p>  From 9O 2O century since the early, Chi

20、na's national economy achieve two fundamental period of transformation into a a new round of economic restructuring and technological progress, China's industrial robots upsurge in practice and have made strides,

21、 and have developed spot welding, welding, assembling, paint, cutting, handling, palletizing etc various USES of industrial robot, and implement a batch of robot application engineering, formed a batch of industrial robo

22、ts for our country industrial</p><p>  Along with the development of industrial robot depth and the breadth and raise the level of robot, industrial robots are has been applied in many fields. From the tradi

23、tional automobile manufacturing sector to the manufacturing extensions. Such as mining robots, building robots and hydropower system used for maintenance robots, etc. In defense of military, medicine and health, food pro

24、cessing and life service areas such as the application of industrial robots will be more and more. The manufactu</p><p>  Industrial robot in addition to the wide application of in the automotive industry in

25、 electronic, food processing, nonmetal processing, daily consumer goods and wood furniture processing industries for industrial robots demand is growing rapidly. In Asia, 2005 72,600 sets, installation industrial robots,

26、 compared with 2004 grew by 40%, and application in electronic industry accounted for about 31%. In Europe, according to statistics, since 2004 and 2005 in l: tI industry robot in the food proces</p><p>  In

27、 China, the industrial robot market share are mostly foreign industrial robots enterprise holds. Before the gunman in the international, domestic industrial robots enterprise facing great pressure of competition. Now Chi

28、na is from a "manufacturing power" to "manufacturing power forward," Chinese manufacturing industry faces and the international community, participate in the international division of labor in the gre

29、at challenge of industrial automation increase immediate, government must can </p><p>  References</p><p>  Electronic Measurement and Intrumenttations,Cambridge University Press,1996</p>

30、<p><b>  工業(yè)機(jī)器人的發(fā)展</b></p><p>  工業(yè)機(jī)器人是機(jī)器人的一種,它由操作機(jī).控制器.伺服驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)和檢測傳感器裝置構(gòu)成,是一種仿人操作自動控制,可重復(fù)編程,能在三難空間完成各種作業(yè)的機(jī)電一體化的自動化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備,特別適合于多品種,變批量柔性生產(chǎn)。它對穩(wěn)定和提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,提高生產(chǎn)效率,改善勞動條件的快速更新?lián)Q代起著十分重要作用。</p><

31、;p>  廣泛的應(yīng)用工業(yè)機(jī)器人,可以逐步改善勞動條件,更強(qiáng)與可控的生產(chǎn)能力,加快產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代。提高生產(chǎn)效率和保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,消除枯燥無味的工作,節(jié)約勞動力,提供更安全的工作環(huán)境,降低工人的勞動強(qiáng)度,減少勞動風(fēng)險,提高機(jī)床,減少工藝過程中的工作量及降低停產(chǎn)時間和庫存,提高企業(yè)競爭力。</p><p>  隨著科技的不斷進(jìn)步,工業(yè)機(jī)器人的發(fā)展過程可分為三代,第—代,為示教再現(xiàn)型機(jī)器人,它主要由機(jī)器手控制器和示教盒

32、組成,可按預(yù)先引導(dǎo)動作記錄下信息重復(fù)再現(xiàn)執(zhí)行,當(dāng)前工業(yè)中應(yīng)用最多。第二代為感覺型機(jī)器人,如有力覺觸覺和視覺等,它具有對某些外界信息進(jìn)行反饋調(diào)整的能力,目前已進(jìn)入應(yīng)用階段。第三代為智能型機(jī)器人它具有感知和理解外部環(huán)境的能力,在工作環(huán)境改變的情況下,也能夠成功地完成任務(wù),它尚處于實驗研究階段。</p><p>  美國是機(jī)器人的誕生地,早在1961年,美國的ConsolidedControlCorp和AMF公司聯(lián)合研

33、制了第一臺實用的示教再現(xiàn)機(jī)器人。經(jīng)過40多年的發(fā)展,美國的機(jī)器人技術(shù)在國際上仍一直處于領(lǐng)先地位。其技術(shù)全面、先進(jìn),適應(yīng)性也很強(qiáng)。</p><p>  日本在1967年從美國引進(jìn)第一臺機(jī)器人,1976年以后,隨著微電子的快速發(fā)展和市場需求急劇增加,日本當(dāng)時勞動力顯著不足,工業(yè)機(jī)器人在企業(yè)里受到了“救世主”般的歡迎,使其日本工業(yè)機(jī)器人得到快速發(fā)展,現(xiàn)在無論機(jī)器人的數(shù)量還是機(jī)器人的密度都位居世界第一,素有“機(jī)器人王國”

34、之稱。德國引進(jìn)機(jī)器人的時間比英國和瑞典大約晚了五六年,但戰(zhàn)爭所導(dǎo)致的勞動力短缺,國民的技術(shù)水平較高等社會環(huán)境,卻為工業(yè)機(jī)器人的發(fā)展、應(yīng)用提供了有利條件。此外,在德國規(guī)定,對于一些危險、有毒、有害的工作崗位,必須以機(jī)器人來代替普通人的勞動。這為機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用開拓了廣泛的市場,并推動了工業(yè)機(jī)器人技術(shù)的發(fā)展。目前,德國工業(yè)機(jī)器人的總數(shù)占世界第二位,僅次于日本。</p><p>  法國政府一直比較重視機(jī)器人技術(shù),通過大力

35、支持一系列研究計劃,建立了一個完整的科學(xué)技術(shù)體系,使法國機(jī)器人的發(fā)展比較順利。在政府組織的項目中,特別注重機(jī)器人基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)方面的研究,把重點放在開展機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用研究上。而由工業(yè)界支持開展應(yīng)用和開發(fā)方面的工作,兩者相輔相成,使機(jī)器人在法國企業(yè)界得以迅速發(fā)展和普及,從而使法國在國際工業(yè)機(jī)器人界擁有不可或缺的一席之地。</p><p>  英國紀(jì)70年代末開始,推行并實施了一系措施列支持機(jī)器人發(fā)展的政策,使英國工業(yè)機(jī)器人

36、起步比當(dāng)今的機(jī)器人大國日本還要早,并曾經(jīng)取得了早期的輝煌。然而,這時候政府對工業(yè)機(jī)器人實行了限制發(fā)展的錯誤。這個錯誤導(dǎo)致英國的機(jī)器人工業(yè)一蹶不振,在西歐幾乎處于末位。近些年,意大利、瑞典、西班牙、芬蘭、丹麥等國家由于自身國內(nèi)機(jī)器人市場的大量需求,發(fā)展速度非常迅速。目前,國際上的工業(yè)機(jī)器人公司主要分為日系和歐系。日系中主要有安川、oTC、松下、FANLUC、不二越、川崎等公司的產(chǎn)品。歐系中主要有德國的KUKA、CLOOS、瑞典的ABB、意

37、大利的CO毗U及奧地利的工GM公司。</p><p>  我國工業(yè)機(jī)器人起步于20世紀(jì)70年代初期,經(jīng)過30多年發(fā)展,大致經(jīng)歷了3個階段:70年代萌芽期,80年代的開發(fā)期和90年代的應(yīng)用化期。隨著20世紀(jì)70年代世界科技快速發(fā)展,工業(yè)機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用在世界掀起了一個高潮,在這種背景下,我國于1972年開始研制自己的工業(yè)機(jī)器人。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)80年代后,隨著改革開放的不斷深入,在高技術(shù)浪潮的沖擊下,我國機(jī)器人技術(shù)的開發(fā)與

38、研究得到了政府的重視與支持,“七五”期間,國家投入資金,對工定機(jī)器人及零部件進(jìn)行攻關(guān),完成了示教再現(xiàn)式工業(yè)機(jī)器人成套技術(shù)的開發(fā),研制出了噴漆,點焊,弧焊和搬運(yùn)機(jī)器人。,國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃開始實施,經(jīng)過幾年研究,取得了一大批科研成果。成功地研制出了一批特種機(jī)器人。</p><p>  從2O世紀(jì)9O年代初期起,我國的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入實現(xiàn)兩個根本轉(zhuǎn)變期,掀起了新一輪的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革和技術(shù)進(jìn)步熱潮,我國的工業(yè)機(jī)器人又在實

39、踐中邁進(jìn)了一大步,先后研制了點焊,弧焊,裝配,噴漆,切割,搬運(yùn),碼垛等各種用途的工業(yè)機(jī)器人,并實施了一批機(jī)器人應(yīng)用工程,形成了一批工業(yè)機(jī)器人產(chǎn)業(yè)化基地,為我國機(jī)器人產(chǎn)業(yè)的騰飛奠定了基礎(chǔ)。但是與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比,我國工業(yè)機(jī)器人還有很大差距。</p><p>  隨著工業(yè)機(jī)器人發(fā)展的深度和廣度以及機(jī)器人智能水平的提高,工業(yè)機(jī)器人已在眾多領(lǐng)域得到了應(yīng)用。從傳統(tǒng)的汽車制造領(lǐng)域向非制造領(lǐng)域延伸。如采礦機(jī)器人、建筑業(yè)機(jī)器人以及水

40、電系統(tǒng)用于維護(hù)維修的機(jī)器人等。在國防軍事、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、食品加工、生活服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域工業(yè)機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用也越來越多。汽車制造是一個技術(shù)和資金高度密集的產(chǎn)業(yè),也是工業(yè)機(jī)器人應(yīng)用最廣泛的行業(yè),幾乎占到整個工業(yè)機(jī)器人的一半以上。在我國,工業(yè)機(jī)器人最初也是應(yīng)用于汽車和工程機(jī)械行業(yè)中。在汽車生產(chǎn)中工業(yè)機(jī)器人是一種主要的制動化設(shè)備,在整車及零部件生產(chǎn)的弧焊、點焊、噴涂、搬運(yùn)、涂膠、沖壓等工藝中大量使用。據(jù)預(yù)測我國正在進(jìn)入汽車擁有率上升時期,在未來幾年里,汽車仍

41、將每年15%左右的速度增長。所以未來幾年工業(yè)機(jī)器人的需求將會呈現(xiàn)出高速增長趨勢,年增幅達(dá)到50%左右,工業(yè)機(jī)器人在我國汽車行業(yè)的應(yīng)用將得到快速發(fā)展。</p><p>  工業(yè)機(jī)器人除了在汽車行業(yè)的廣泛應(yīng)用,在電子,食品加工,非金屬加工,日用消費(fèi)品和木材家具加工等行業(yè)對工業(yè)機(jī)器人的需求也快速增長。在亞洲,2005年安裝工業(yè)機(jī)器人72,600臺,與2004年相比,增長了40%,而應(yīng)用在電子行業(yè)的就占了31%左右。在歐

42、洲地區(qū),據(jù)統(tǒng)計2005年與2004年相l(xiāng):tI業(yè)機(jī)器人在食品加工行業(yè)的應(yīng)用增長了17%左右,在非金屬加工行業(yè)的應(yīng)用增長了20%左右,在日用品消費(fèi)行業(yè)增長了32%,在木材家具加工行業(yè)增長了18%左右。工業(yè)機(jī)器人在石油方面也有廣泛的應(yīng)用,如海上石油鉆井、采油平臺、管道的檢測、煉油廠、大型油罐和儲罐的焊接等均可使用機(jī)器人來完成。在未來幾年,傳感技術(shù),激光技術(shù),工程網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)將會被廣泛應(yīng)用在工業(yè)機(jī)器人工作領(lǐng)域,這些技術(shù)會使工業(yè)機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用更為高效

43、,高質(zhì),運(yùn)行成本低。據(jù)預(yù)測,今后機(jī)器人將在醫(yī)療、保健、生物技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)、教育、救災(zāi)、海洋開發(fā)、機(jī)器維修、交通運(yùn)輸和農(nóng)業(yè)水產(chǎn)等領(lǐng)域得到應(yīng)用。</p><p>  在我國,工業(yè)機(jī)器人市場份額大部分被國外工業(yè)機(jī)器人企業(yè)占據(jù)著。在國際強(qiáng)手面前,國內(nèi)的工業(yè)機(jī)器人企業(yè)面臨著相當(dāng)大的競爭壓力。如今我國正從一個“制造大國”向“制造強(qiáng)國”邁進(jìn),中國制造業(yè)面臨著與國際接軌、參與國際分工的巨大挑戰(zhàn),對我國工業(yè)自動化的提高迫在眉睫,政府務(wù)

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