外文翻譯--低成本緊湊的模塊化小型的設(shè)計(jì)（cmss）數(shù)控車床 英文版

1、<p>　　Design of Low Cost Compact Modular Small Scale(CMSS)-CNC Lathe Machine</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　The emerging of micro factories technology has encourages the deve

2、lopment of CNC machine into small scale design. It purposes is to create a smaller machine to save some space, reduce production cost, and lower energy consumption. Without reducing its precision level, this research con

3、duct a design of CNC lathe machine consist of head stock, main spindle, X-Z axis, bed, tool holder, and X-Z motor actuators. The design was using three jaw chuck holding method and DC brushless motor as electric ac</p

4、><p>　　Keywords: CNC Machine, small scale, lathe, compact, modular, low cost</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　Micro factories are one of the popular emerging technologies having a lot de

5、velopment within this two decade [1-9]. This popularity was because of the increased demand of mechanical component into a smaller dimension up to micro or nano scale for many applications such as electronics control, au

6、tomobile component, medical component, etc. [9].</p><p>　　Days before, conventional industries on big and small mechanical components was produced by standard large equipment. This large equipment means larg

7、er space and higher energy consumption [10] emerging an increased production cost. Japan was one of the first countries to propose the reducing of machining size proportional to the size of the produced components [1, 9]

8、. This proposal is to reduce the production cost, save the energy consumption, spare some space, and keep every resource correspond</p><p>　　For the present decades, many researches has conducted to develop

9、micro machine for many application even in academicals scale or laboratorial scale [11-20]. In Yamanaka Article [12], it was described about the using of different operation and geometric precision for lathe process acco

10、rding to the size of the produced part. Detailed explanation pointed out that when the size of the machine changes, the precision will also be altered and concluded that creating one small component is more advanta</p

11、><p>　　Proposed design in this paper is a Compact Modular Small Scale (CMSS)-CNC Lathe Machine with two axes and one spindle module with the order of accuracy up to 2 μm. designated machine would verify machina

12、bility of medical architectural level at 100-300 μm [29].</p><p>　　CNC Lathe System Design</p><p>　　A lathe system is a machine tool that rotates the workpiece against a tool to produce cylindri

13、cal or conical component and can also be used for drilling process or boring holes in cylindrical parts [31-32]. Computerized numerical control (CNC) is one method to control the position and velocity of each motor actua

14、tor of machining tool in the lathe based on numerical data from operators. Hence, CNC lathe is a computerized controlled lathe system. The main parts of CNC lathe i.e. head stock, main s</p><p>　　Head Stock&

15、lt;/p><p>　　Headstock is a part of CNC Lathe machine serves to hold the electric motor and the transmission. Its powers the spindle and controls the spindle on designated rotary variety.</p><p>　　M

16、ain Spindle</p><p>　　Spindle is the part of lathe machine to hold the workpiece and rotate along with the workpiece during the lathe process. Angular velocity of spindle rotation was powered by adjustable el

17、ectric motor via transmission system. Working piece was held in several holding ways i.e. three jaws chuck, collets, and four clamps (shown in figure 1) [31]. In this present design, used model for holding the work piece

18、 is three jaws chuck because its component has a high availability on domestic market, simple,</p><p>　　a b c</p><p>　　Figure 1. Working piece ho

19、lding types on lathe machine; (a) Three Jaws Chuck;(b) collets; (c) four clamps</p><p>　　X axis and Z axis platform</p><p>　　Axis platform is CNC lathe component serves as the base of tool holde

20、r which can move on two axes; x axis and z axis. Both axes were moved by the electric motor on linear trajectory along its respective axis. To achieve the linear movement along each axis, it is needed to dispatch a motio

21、n converter from rotary motion to linear translation along the working axis. Moreover, a motor driver is also needed to achieve more precise and more rigid movement. The axes use ball screw and linear guide to a</p>

22、;<p>　　a b</p><p>　　Figure 2. Component for converting motor rotary movement into linear X-Z axis movement; (a) ball screw; (b) linear guide</p><p>　　Tool Holder</p>

23、<p>　　Tool holder was attached in the X-Z axis platform (carriage) serves as the base of the cutting tool on this lathe machine. This part is move along with the X-Z axis platform during the lathe process.</p>

24、;<p><b>　　Bed</b></p><p>　　This part is the supporting part of the CNC-Lathe machine which needs to be designed to present a solid base to hold the entire machine and also eliminate any po

25、ssible interference vibration.</p><p>　　Motor Actuator</p><p>　　On the design process of CMSS-CNC Lathe machine, the movement of X and Z axis was powered from oriental motor DC motor brushless.

26、The usage of this motor is because of it favorable feature i.e. [33]:</p><p>　　1) High efficiency because using permanent magnet rotor and have less secondary losses</p><p>　　2) Reducible rotor

27、inertia and high velocity response.</p><p>　　3) Because of its high efficiency, it is possible to reduce motor size.</p><p>　　4) Ability to fluctuate its velocity for even slight load changes<

28、;/p><p>　　Beside all of the technical consideration mentioned above, affordable price also become one of the primary consideration. With all those feature, the price of this motor was considered cheap compared

29、with other motor. Table 1 shows the comparison of motor DC brushless, motor stepper, and motor servo at the same power.</p><p>　　Table 1. Comparison of motor DC brushless, motor stepper, and motor servo</

30、p><p>　　Transmission (Harmonic Gear)</p><p>　　Before attached to X and Y axes of CNC Lathe, generated power from motor actuator was passed through the transmission system. Transmission system serve

31、s to transmit the power, reduce the velocity, increase the torque, and escalate the movement precision along X-Z axis. Possible transmission types to be used in this design are worm-gear, gear-pinion, belt-pulley, and ha

32、rmonic gear. Figure 3 shows the description of those four transmission type. Harmonic gear transmission type was chosen for this </p><p>　　a b c d</p><p>

33、;　　Figure 3. Transmission system types; (a) worm-gear; (b) pinion-gear; (c) beltpulley;(d) harmonic gear</p><p>　　CMSS-CNC Lathe Prototyping Result and Discussion</p><p>　　CMSS-CNC Lathe present

34、 design was resulted in a technical prototype consist of head stock, main spindle, x-z axis platform, spindle motor, tool positioning motor actuator, tool holder, and bed. This CMSS-CNC Lathe design was based on modular

35、concept to match small scale factories and capable to achieve micro and nano scale precision. Nano scale precision will be achieved with high rigidity and low vibration.</p><p>　　Compact Design</p>&l

36、t;p>　　Compact design of CMSS-CNC lathe means that its dimension was optimally designed compatible to the size of the size of the produced work piece. In this present design, the CMSS-CNC lathe is at the size of A4 pap

37、er (329 mm x 483mm). Detailed specification of the dimension of designed CMSS-CNC lathe machine was shown in Table 2.</p><p>　　Table 2. Dimension specification of CMSS-CNC Lathe machine</p><p>　

38、　Modular Design</p><p>　　Modular design can be described that the whole module can be divided into several smaller modules which can independently work under different system [34].This prototype was designed

39、 in several separate modules which can be easily assembled into one module of CMSS-CNC Lathe. furthermore, each separate module of this CMSS-CNC Lathe can be substituted by another module, can be powered up, can be scale

40、d up, and can also configured to serve another different system. Figure 4 shows the exploded view </p><p>　　Figure 4. Exploded view of the CMSS-CNC Lathe machine system bases on the compiling unit</p>

41、<p>　　Figure 5. Another possible configuration of CMSS-CNC Lathe using modular design become 3-axis portable milling machine</p><p>　　Figure 6. CNC Lathe Machine complete technical prototype</p>

42、<p>　　Small Scale Resolution</p><p>　　Resolution calculation on the smallest movement for this CMSS-CNC lathe design was using equation (1). Table 3 shows the specification on resolutions and ratio of

43、the CMSS-CNC components.</p><p>　　Rm=MRxTRxCR (1)</p><p>　　where: Rm = Resolution of the machine / machine precision (mm)</p><p>　　MR = Resolution of the motor / motor precision

44、(rad)</p><p>　　TR = Transmission ratio (rad/rad)</p><p>　　CR = Converter ratio (mm/rad)</p><p>　　Table 3. Specification of CMSS-CNC components</p><p>　　Working resoluti

45、on of the designed CMSS-CNC Lathe machine can be obtained by entering the specification data from Table 3 to equation (1):</p><p>　　It is shown that, theoretically, the working resolution of this designed CM

46、SS-CNC Lathe machine could reach out until 55.5 nm. It is considered that it can be called nano machining.</p><p><b>　　Low Cost</b></p><p>　　The economical aspect analysis shows that

47、 the software can be self-developed and the dominant cost emerged are for the portable PC as the main processing unit and the hardware. Table 4 shows the price list and the availability of the component of this CNC lathe

48、 machine.</p><p>　　Table 4. Component price list and availability</p><p>　　Overall, the cost of the whole processing system is approximately 35 million IDR and the availability is high even in d

49、omestic market. This production cost considered low because it can achieve micro scale accuracy and even nano scale accuracy. The average cost for CNC lathe machine for micro scale for the other brand is approximately 30

50、 million and increased to 50 million for nano scale machine. So, this design can save about 15 to 20 million IDR and can save muchmore when it produced in mass p</p><p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　Thi

51、s research concludes that the design of CMSS-CNC lathe consist of head stock, main spindle, X-Z axis, bed, tool holder, and X-Z motor actuators. This design can provide advantages such as compact design, modular machine

52、with low production cost, and being able to perform lathe process up to 55.5 nm. This design can be upgraded into 3-axis portable milling machine or even more axes. The production cost is considered low because it was ap

53、proximately 35million IDR and its component have high ava</p><p>　　Acknowledgment</p><p>　　The authors would like to thank Indonesia Toray Science Foundation (ITSF) for the 2011 Research Grant a

54、nd to Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics for the support and the devices on the completion of this portable CNC research. The Authors would also like to thanks Dian Andriani for the enormous continual

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