土木、建筑專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計翻譯--冷彎型鋼框架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方法

1、<p>　　PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD FOR RESIDENTIAL COLD-FORMED</p><p>　　STEEL FRAMING</p><p>　　Second Edition</p><p>　　Prepared for</p><p>　　The U.S. Department of Housing&

2、lt;/p><p>　　and Urban Development </p><p>　　Office of Policy Development and Research</p><p>　　Washington, DC</p><p>　　Co-Sponsored by </p><p>　　The American

3、Iron and Steel Institute</p><p>　　Washington, DC</p><p><b>　　and</b></p><p>　　The National Association of Home Builders</p><p>　　Washington, DC</p>&

4、lt;p><b>　　by</b></p><p>　　NAHB Research Center, Inc.</p><p>　　400 Prince George's Boulevard</p><p>　　Upper Marlboro, MD 20774-8731</p><p>　　August 19

5、97</p><p><b>　　CONTENTS</b></p><p>　　5.0STEEL FLOOR FRAMING21</p><p>　　5.1Floor Construction21</p><p>　　5.2Floor to Foundation or Bearing Wall Connecti

6、on21</p><p>　　5.3Allowable Joist Spans21</p><p>　　5.4Joist Bracing21</p><p>　　5.5Floor Cantilevers22</p><p>　　5.6Splicing22</p><p>　　5.7Framing o

7、f Floor Openings22</p><p>　　5.8Floor Trusses22</p><p>　　5.0STEEL FLOOR FRAMING</p><p>　　5.1Floor Construction</p><p>　　Cold-formed steel framing members shall co

8、mply with the provisions of Section 2.0. Steel floors shall be constructed in accordance with this section and Figure 5.1.</p><p>　　5.1.1Applicability Limits</p><p>　　The applicability limits

9、of Section 1.3 and Table 1.1 shall apply.</p><p>　　5.1.2In-Line Framing. </p><p>　　Load bearing steel floor framing, wall framing, and ceiling/roof framing shall be constructed in-line with the

10、 vertical load bearing members (i.e. studs) located below. A maximum tolerance of 3/4 inch (19 mm) between the centerlines of the in-line members shall be permitted in accordance with Figure 1.2.</p><p>　　5

11、.2Floor to Foundation or Bearing Wall Connection</p><p>　　Cold-formed steel floor framing shall be anchored to foundations, wood sills, or load bearing walls in accordance with Table 5.1 and Figures 5.1 th

12、rough 5.10. Fastening of steel joists to other framing members shall be in accordance with Table 5.2. </p><p>　　5.3Allowable Joist Spans</p><p>　　The clear span of cold-formed steel floor j

13、oists shall not exceed the limits set forth in Table 5.3 for single spans and Table 5.4 for multiple spans. When continuous joist members are used for multiple spans, the interior bearing supports shall be located withi

14、n two feet (0.6 m) of mid-span of the steel joists, and the individual spans shall not exceed the applicable spans in the table. Floor joists shall have a bearing support length of not less than 1.5 inches (38 mm) for e

15、xterior wall supp</p><p>　　5.4Joist Bracing</p><p>　　The top flanges of floor joists shall be laterally braced by the application of floor fastened to the joists in accordance with Table 5.2.

16、 Floor joists with spans that exceed 12 feet (3.7 m) shall have the bottom flanges laterally braced in accordance with one of the following:</p><p>　　Gypsum board installed with minimum#6 screws in accordan

17、ce with the </p><p>　　applicable building code, or</p><p>　　Continuous steel strapping installed in accordance with Figure 5.1 and 5.2. Steel straps shall be at least 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) in wi

18、dth and 33 mils (0.84 mm) in thickness. Straps shall be fastened to the bottom flange of each joist with at least one #8 screw and shall be fastened to blocking with at least two #8 screws. Blocking or bridging (X-braci

19、ng) shall be installed between joists at a maximum spacing of 12 feet (3.7m) measured along the continuous strapping (perpendicular to the joist r</p><p>　　5.5 Floor Cantilevers</p><p>　　Floor

20、 cantilevers for the second floor of a two-story building or the first floor of a one-story building shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm) as illustrated in Figure 5.1. Cantilevers shall support interior floor loading onl

21、y. Cantilevers, not exceeding 24 inches (610 mm) and supporting one floor and roof (first floor of a two story building), shall be permitted provided that all cantilevered joists are doubled (nested or back-to-back). T

22、he doubled cantilevered joists shall extend a minimum o</p><p>　　5.6Splicing</p><p>　　Joists and other structural members shall not be spliced without an approved design. Splicing of tracks sh

23、all conform with Figure 5.11.</p><p>　　5.7Framing of Floor Openings</p><p>　　Openings in floors shall be framed with header and trimmer joists. Header joist spans shall not exceed 8 feet (2.4

24、m) in length. Header and trimmer joists shall be fabricated from joist and track sections, which shall be of a minimum size and thickness as the adjacent floor joists and shall be installed in accordance with Figures 5.

25、1, 5.12, and 5.13. Each header joist shall be connected to trimmer joists with a minimum of four 2 inch x 2 inch (51 mm x 51 mm) clip angles. Each clip angle shal</p><p>　　5.8Floor Trusses</p><

26、;p>　　Cold-formed steel floor trusses shall be designed, braced, and installed in accordance with an approved design. Truss members shall not be notched, cut, or altered in any manner unless by an approved design. Al

27、l trusses shall be aligned with load carrying members (i.e. studs) in the wall. Refer to AISI publication RG-9518 [17] “Design Guide For Cold-Formed Steel Trusses” for additional guidance.</p><p><b>　

28、　Table 5.1</b></p><p>　　Floor to Foundation or Bearing Wall Connection Requirements</p><p>　　For SI:1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 psf = 0.0479 kN/m2, 1 mph = 1.61 km/hr, 1 foot = 0.3m.</p

29、><p>　　1Use the highest of the wind speed and exposure or the seismic requirements for a given site.</p><p>　　2All screw sizes shown are minimum </p><p><b>　　Table 5.2</b&

30、gt;</p><p>　　Floor Fastening Schedule1</p><p>　　For SI:1 inch = 25.4 mm</p><p>　　1All screw sizes shown are minimum.</p><p>　　2Head styles shall be bugle-head, flat-

31、head, or similar with a minimum head diameter of 0.29 inch</p><p><b>　　(7 mm). </b></p><p>　　Table 5.3</p><p>　　Allowable Spans For Cold-Formed Steel Floor Joists1,2,3,

32、4</p><p>　　Single Span</p><p>　　33 ksi Steel</p><p>　　For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 psf = 0.0479 kN/m2, 1 foot = 0.3m.</p><p>　　1Table provides the maximum clear

33、 span in feet and inches.</p><p>　　2Bearing stiffeners shall be installed at all support points and concentrated loads.</p><p>　　3Deflection criteria: L/480 for live loads; L/240 for total l

34、oads.</p><p>　　4Floor dead load = 10 psf (0.479 kN/m2)</p><p>　　5For actual size refer to Table 2.1. </p><p><b>　　Table 5.4</b></p><p>　　Allowable Span

35、s For Cold-Formed Steel Floor Joists1,2,3,4,5,6</p><p>　　Multiple Spans</p><p>　　33 ksi Steel</p><p>　　For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 psf = 0.0479 kN/m2, 1 foot = 0.3m.</p>

36、;<p>　　1Table provides the maximum clear span in feet and inches to either side of the interior support.</p><p>　　2Interior bearing supports for multiple span joists shall consist of structural (b

37、earing) walls or beams.</p><p>　　3Bearing stiffeners shall be installed at all support points and concentrated loads.</p><p>　　4Deflection criteria: L/480 for live loads; L/240 for total loa

38、ds.</p><p>　　5Floor dead load = 10 psf (0.479 kN/m2)</p><p>　　6Interior supports shall be located within two feet (610 mm) of mid span provided that each of the </p><p>　　resul

39、ting spans does not exceed the appropriate maximum span shown in the table above.</p><p>　　For actual size refer to Table 2.1.</p><p>　　冷彎型鋼框架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方法</p><p><b>　　第二版</b>&

40、lt;/p><p>　　為美國住房發(fā)展政策開發(fā)部門和華盛頓研究中心所準備</p><p>　　由美國華盛頓鋼鐵研究所聯(lián)合主辦</p><p>　　國家建筑協(xié)會，華盛頓</p><p>　　NAHB研究中心，喬治王子的大道400號Marlboro.MD 20774-8731</p><p><b>　　1997.8

41、</b></p><p><b>　　目錄</b></p><p>　　5.0 鋼樓板結(jié)構(gòu)……………………………………………………………………21</p><p>　　5.1 樓板結(jié)構(gòu)………………………………………………………………………21</p><p>　　5.2 樓板與基礎(chǔ)或承重墻連接……………………

42、………………………………21</p><p>　　5.3安裝托梁的允許間距…………………………………………………………21</p><p>　　5.4托梁支撐………………………………………………………………………21</p><p>　　5.5 懸臂樓板………………………………………………………………………22</p><p>　　5.6 接

43、合……………………………………………………………………………22 </p><p>　　5.7開洞樓板框架…………………………………………………………………22</p><p>　　5.8 樓板桁架………………………………………………………………………22</p><p><b>　　5.0鋼樓板結(jié)構(gòu)</b></p><p&

44、gt;<b>　　5.1 建筑樓板</b></p><p>　　冷彎鋼結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該符合2.0部分提供的要求。鋼樓板應(yīng)該按圖5.1的標準來修建。</p><p>　　5.1.1適用性極限</p><p>　　適用性極限應(yīng)該參考第1.3部分和表1.1。</p><p>　　5.1.2 線性結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p&

45、gt;　　承重的鋼樓板和屋頂應(yīng)建造時應(yīng)和豎向荷載的大小緊密聯(lián)系。軸線的最大的容許間距是3/4英寸（19mm）在圖1.2中是可以的。</p><p>　　5.2 樓板與基礎(chǔ)或承重墻連接</p><p>　　冷彎鋼結(jié)構(gòu)樓板和基礎(chǔ)、木基石或者承重墻的錨固長度參考表5.1或者圖5.1。鋼托梁和其他框架的錨固參考表5.2。</p><p>　　5.3 允許的安裝托梁間距&l

46、t;/p><p>　　冷彎鋼樓板托梁的凈跨在單跨時不應(yīng)超過表5.3所規(guī)定的極限跨度，多跨時不應(yīng)超過表5.4所規(guī)定的極限跨度。當連續(xù)的托梁用到多跨時，跨中支座應(yīng)該被固定在2英尺內(nèi)，并且其余個跨跨距不應(yīng)超過表中所要求的長度。樓板托梁在外墻上的支撐長度至少為1.5英寸，在內(nèi)墻上的支撐長度不應(yīng)少于3.5英寸。根據(jù)第2.9部分，每個托梁必須安裝受力鋼筋。除了用在板頭時根據(jù)第5.7結(jié)選取，托梁的最厚處至少應(yīng)該是33米爾。<

47、/p><p>　　5.4 安裝托梁支撐</p><p>　　根據(jù)表5.2，托梁的頂端應(yīng)該被樓板的側(cè)面支撐。根據(jù)下面的要求，樓板托梁當超過12英尺時應(yīng)該有底面?zhèn)认虻闹巍?lt;/p><p>　　1根據(jù)建筑條例石膏板和直徑最小為#6的螺絲安裝時，或者</p><p>　　2 連續(xù)的鋼約束安裝應(yīng)根據(jù)圖5.1和5.2。當托梁厚度為33米爾時鋼約束的長度至少

48、為1－1/2英寸。托梁的底部應(yīng)該至少安裝1個#8的螺絲，擋板必須安裝2個#8的螺絲。固結(jié)并且最大跨度為12英尺時必須安裝擋板。每個約束的端點處也必須安裝擋板。</p><p><b>　　5.5 樓板懸臂</b></p><p>　　像圖5.1表示的那樣，兩層樓的第二層或者單程樓的第一層的懸臂樓板不應(yīng)超過24英寸。懸臂只支撐內(nèi)樓板荷載。不超過24英寸并且支撐一層樓面或

49、屋頂（兩層樓的第一層）的懸臂，懸臂的托梁應(yīng)該被容許加倍?？缍葹?4英寸的加倍的懸臂托梁必須向內(nèi)深入至少6英尺并且用#8的螺絲加固?；钶d大于192 kN/m2時的懸臂是必須得到批準才能設(shè)計的。</p><p><b>　　5.6 接合</b></p><p>　　托梁和其他結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件在沒有設(shè)計容許時是不能接合的。軌道接合參照圖5.11。</p><p&

50、gt;　　5.7樓板開口的框架托梁接頭的長度不應(yīng)超過8英尺。在安裝時托梁的接頭的最小尺寸和厚度應(yīng)該遵循圖5.1,5.2,5.13。每個托梁的頂部應(yīng)該以不低于四個2英寸×2英寸的構(gòu)件和托梁連接。每個構(gòu)件應(yīng)該和托梁的頂部連接時用四個#8的螺絲甚至在構(gòu)件的每個角上。構(gòu)件的厚度不應(yīng)小于托梁的。</p><p><b>　　5.8 樓板桁架</b></p><p>　

51、　冷彎鋼樓板桁架必須按照有效的方案來進行設(shè)計和安裝。在沒有設(shè)計批準時，每個桁架處不應(yīng)被刻痕、截斷、或者替換。每個桁架應(yīng)該與墻內(nèi)承載荷載構(gòu)件共同排列。參考ASIS出版的“冷彎鋼桁架設(shè)計指南”</p><p><b>　　表 5.1</b></p><p>　　基礎(chǔ)或承重墻所地板的連接要求</p><p>　　注明 :1 英寸 = 25.4 mm

52、, 1 psf = 0.0479 kN/m2, 1 mph = 1.61 km/hr, 1 foot = 0.3m.</p><p>　　1表中所給的尺寸都是根據(jù)最高的風(fēng)速和遞增影響下得出的</p><p>　　2所有螺絲給出的均是最小限值 </p><p><b>　　表 5.2</b></p><p

53、><b>　　樓板固定表</b></p><p>　　注明:1英寸= 25.4 毫米</p><p>　　1所有螺絲給出的均是最小限值</p><p>　　2螺絲頂部的形狀應(yīng)該是 喇叭型, 扁平型, 或最小直徑是0.29英寸(7 mm). </p><p><b>　　表 5.3</b>

54、;</p><p>　　冷彎薄壁型鋼的容許間距1,2,3,4</p><p><b>　　單一間距</b></p><p>　　33 ksi Steel</p><p>　　注明: 1英寸 = 25.4毫米, 1 psf = 0.0479 kN/m2, 1 foot = 0.3m.</p>&

55、lt;p>　　1上表提供了最大的間距</p><p>　　2鋼筋要被安裝在支撐節(jié)點和集中力作用處</p><p>　　3撓度標準: L/480 對于活載; L/240對于總荷載.</p><p>　　4樓面恒載 = 10 psf (0.479 kN/m2)</p><p>　　5實際尺寸參考表 2.1. </

56、p><p><b>　　Table 5.4</b></p><p>　　冷彎薄壁型鋼的容許間距1,2,3,4,5,6</p><p><b>　　多間距</b></p><p>　　33 ksi Steel</p><p>　　注明: 1英寸 = 25.4毫米, 1 p

57、sf = 0.0479 kN/m2, 1 foot = 0.3m.</p><p>　　1上表提供了最大的間距 和 內(nèi)部支撐每邊的尺寸</p><p>　　2 結(jié)構(gòu)墻或梁.應(yīng)該包括多間距托梁的內(nèi)部支座</p><p>　　3 鋼筋要被安裝在支撐節(jié)點和集中力作用處</p><p>　　4 撓度標準: L/480 對于活載;