物流管理外文翻譯—實施倉儲管理系統(tǒng)的物流成本計算案例研究

1、<p>　　字數(shù)：英文2741單詞，13573字符；中文4043漢字</p><p>　　出處：Tomá? Ku?era.Logistics Cost Calculation of Implementation Warehouse Management System: A Case Study[C]MATEC Web of Conferences.2017,134:00028</p>

2、;<p><b>　　外文文獻：　</b></p><p>　　Logistics Cost Calculation of Implementation Warehouse Management System: A Case Study</p><p>　　Abstract Warehouse management system can take fu

3、ll advantage of the resources and provide efficient warehousing services. The paper aims to show advantages and disadvantages of the warehouse management system in a chosen enterprise, which is focused on logistics servi

4、ces and transportation. The paper can bring new innovative approach for warehousing and presents how logistics enterprise can reduce logistics costs. This approach includes cost reduction of the establishment, operation

5、and savings</p><p>　　1.Introduction</p><p>　　At present time companies try to minimize the costs of logistics. The concept of warehousing is very closely linked to logistics and distribution. Wa

6、rehousing is within the logistics chain, one of the activities cannot be omitted. Warehousing addresses many crucial issues, inventory levels, ordering cycles, warehouse equipment and their spatial distribution, distribu

7、tion of warehouse and inventory management. At high inventory levels incurred by companies fixed cost for each additional unit of i</p><p>　　2.Theoretical background and methodology</p><p>　　Wit

8、h the constant technological advancement, the companies started to invest in new systems to support competitiveness in the market in which they operate. The trend of reducing the cost of warehousing is the maximum use of

9、 warehouse space, the minimum number of transfers, effective solution to the warehousing points or reducing the number of species of stored inventory. These costs are significant, if the free warehouse space on someone&#

10、39;s rented, or if with a higher warehousing amount of enterp</p><p>　　Warehousing systems and material handling systems play a pivotal and critical role in the supply chain, and requirements for warehousing

11、 and handling operations have significantly increased in recent years.</p><p>　　Warehousing refers to activities associated with inventory management. These activities take place within the warehouse area, i

12、t is mainly the receipt of goods, purchase goods handling, picking, gathering and activities related to sorting.</p><p>　　Warehouse management is not just a purchase, warehousing and transport within the war

13、ehouse; this is a more complex system that exceeds the physical boundaries of warehouses. Warehouse Management System (hereinafter WMS) is used to increase performance and warehousing for better management decisions for

14、holding only strictly necessary supplies needed for the manufacturing process. WMS can take full advantage of the resources and provide efficient warehousing services provided by the plan, organi</p><p>　　Th

15、e need for automating the warehouse arises from the fact that manual handling may cause human errors which may affect the warehouse utilization.</p><p>　　The case study, as one of the qualitative research me

16、thods, was chosen because it counts among the most frequently used methods within the research focused on the implementation of different management approaches into practice of organizations. Case study is defined as an

17、empirical survey of the current phenomenon in its natural environment, using multiple sources of evidence. Study cases are selected based on pre- defined conditions of the case.</p><p>　　The aim of this pape

18、r is to show advantages and disadvantages of the warehouse management system in a chosen logistics service provider (Ewals Cargo Care), which is focused on logistics services and transportation. The paper will bring new

19、innovative approach for warehousing and presents how the logistics enterprise can reduce logistics costs, mainly personnel costs. This is especially thanks to the implementation of warehouse management system. Data used

20、in the case study is based on real logis</p><p>　　3.Case study: Warehouse management system in logistics service provider</p><p>　　The case study is focused on new innovative approach for wareho

21、using and presents how logistics service provider (Ewals Cargo Care) can reduce logistics costs, thanks to the implementation of warehouse management system. Ewals Cargo Care (hereinafter ECC) is a transport and logistic

22、s company operating in the market for more than 110 years. For its customers, primarily in the automotive, electronics, paper and packaging industry, manufacturers and distributors of consumer electronics provides ser<

23、;/p><p>　　The company's goal is always to find the optimal solution for shipping process on the way from supplier to customer, with the possibility of combining shipment, transhipment or use consolidation w

24、arehouses. ECC fully uses its years of experience, skills and knowledge to find and implemented for customers the most effective solution with the least impact on the environment.</p><p>　　The case study com

25、pares two models. The first one is the existing warehouse system and the second one is the new innovative WMS. For the design of WMS implementation was used analysis of current warehouse management based on fixed warehou

26、se positions and common software that keeps track of inventory about individual stock items. The current system of fixed positions does not allow variable use of empty warehouse cells for current needs income and materia

27、l warehouse. Proposal for the implementati</p><p>　　Tab. 1 shows the personnel costs in the existing warehouse system. Personnel costs are governed by wage regulation in the ECC. Based on the number of emplo

28、yees (32 people) are determined by the total personnel costs, which amounts to 1,183,000 CZK per month.</p><p>　　Table 1. Personnel costs – current state – existing warehouse system</p><p>　　Req

29、uired operating personnel warehouse in 2017 could be changed about the implementation of WMS. In tab. 2 lists the personnel costs in the warehouse after implementation of WMS. Out of 32 employees after the implementation

30、 of software and hardware WMS has been optimized six workers. Personnel costs would be reduced from the amount 1,183,000 CZK to 967,000 CZK per month.</p><p>　　Table 2. Personnel costs – state after implemen

31、tation of WMS</p><p>　　In tab. 3 is an overview of the necessary handling equipment in the warehouse before and after the implementation of WMS. The changes that have occurred since the implementation of WMS

32、 are saving one forklift (yellow highlighted box in the tab. 3). Number of forklifts can be reduced because WMS reduces the number of forklift drivers. Monthly savings is 24,242 CZK.</p><p>　　Table 3. Handli

33、ng equipment costs</p><p>　　Tab. 4 shows the hardware and software costs of implementation WMS. These costs include software and hardware equipment (radio frequency terminal equipment, radio frequency networ

34、k including installation and the necessary printers for printing identification cards). The monthly depreciation of software is 36,944 CZK and maintenance is 7,875 CZK. Monthly depreciation on hardware is 19,168 CZK. Tot

35、al monthly costs for software and hardware of WMS are 63,987 CZK.</p><p>　　Table 4. Hardware and software costs of implementing WMS</p><p>　　Tab. 5 expresses the logistics costs for material ide

36、ntification in the ECC warehouse. From the available data to determine the total number of printed identification cards (hereinafter IDC) is 660,294 pieces. Print of one IDC worth 0.61 CZK, so they are identifiable costs

37、 to the total number of IDC calculated the amount to 402,779 CZK. Costs of hardware and software (column HW and SW) are fixed monthly 29,637 CZK. This amount includes the use of personal computer and printers including c

38、onsumab</p><p>　　Table 5. Logistics costs for material identification, HW and SW equipment – existing warehouse system</p><p>　　Tab. 6 shows the costs for material identification in case of impl

39、ementation WMS. IDC costs will change, because new IDCs are cheaper. One identification card costs only 0.24 CZK. Changes that occur with this implementation shall remain in hardware and software. Monthly operating costs

40、 of hardware and software of WMS are from tab. 4 totally 63,987 CZK per month. As is apparent from a comparison of the tables, the implementation of WMS will increase the total cost of the material identification f</p

41、><p>　　Table 6. Logistics costs for material identification, HW and SW equipment – WMS</p><p>　　Tab. 7 expresses the total cost evaluation, the use of an existing type of warehousing at fixed posit

42、ions. The right part of the table shows implementation of the WMS. The total savings would be 6 people, so it would reduce personnel costs. WMS could reduce the costs of the warehouse equipment of the forklift. Costs for

43、 material identification would increase slightly, but the total yearly cost savings would amount to 2,715,009 CZK.</p><p>　　Table 7. Yearly evaluation of total costs</p><p>　　4.Conclusion</p&

44、gt;<p>　　WMS brings many positive impacts. WMS means in practice that all movement of the material is controlled by software, material is identified by a bar code transmitted with a radio frequency terminal. Worke

45、rs are minimized errors and increasing the productivity. Processes performed by the warehouse staff can monitor and evaluate at any moment. The system minimizes the complaint allows the merging of orders and guarantees c

46、ompliance with FIFO (First In First Out).</p><p>　　The aim of this paper was reduced the logistics costs of warehousing in the ECC and propose the implementation of WMS for reasons of logistics cost savings.

47、 With the implementation of WMS will be savings on the cost side. Overall it will be reduced the necessary operating staff consists of 32 to 26 workers, also will be reduced the required handling (warehouse equipment) an

48、d slightly will be increased the logistics costs for material identification. Total yearly savings are 2,715,009 CZK.</p><p><b>　　中文譯文：</b></p><p>　　實施倉儲管理系統(tǒng)的物流成本計算：案例研究</p>&

49、lt;p>　　摘要 倉儲管理系統(tǒng)可充分利用資源，提供高效的倉儲服務(wù)。本文以物流服務(wù)和交通運輸為重點，闡述了某企業(yè)倉儲管理系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)缺點。本文提出了新的倉儲方式，并介紹了物流企業(yè)如何降低物流成本。這種方法包括在全面評估倉儲管理系統(tǒng)的實施情況中降低建立、運營和存儲成本。在選定的物流企業(yè)中，將創(chuàng)新的倉儲管理系統(tǒng)作為案例研究進行論證，這種案例研究被歸類為定性科學(xué)方法。本文以全球研究文獻為基礎(chǔ)，對內(nèi)部物流過程、數(shù)據(jù)和企業(yè)文件進行了分析。本文

50、發(fā)現(xiàn)了與人工成本、搬運設(shè)備成本和材料識別成本有關(guān)的成本。實施倉儲管理系統(tǒng)將降低倉儲的整體物流成本，并將倉儲管理系統(tǒng)擴展到物流鏈的其他部分。</p><p><b>　　1.簡介</b></p><p>　　目前，公司試圖盡量降低物流成本。倉儲的概念與物流配送有著密切的聯(lián)系。倉儲是物流鏈中不可或缺的一項活動。倉儲解決了許多關(guān)鍵問題，包括庫存水平、訂貨周期、倉儲設(shè)備及其空

51、間分布、倉儲分配和庫存管理。在高庫存水平上，公司承擔(dān)了每個額外庫存單位的固定成本。為了保護其供應(yīng)來源，公司可能需要持有庫存。倉儲是整個物流系統(tǒng)中最重要的組成部分之一。倉儲是制造商和客戶之間的紐帶，它為許多產(chǎn)品(如原材料、零件、半成品、部件和成品)提供了存儲。倉儲可以跨越空間和時間。生產(chǎn)庫存保障了生產(chǎn)的最佳連續(xù)性，以確保最終客戶順利供應(yīng)的商品庫存。</p><p><b>　　2.理論背景和方法</

52、b></p><p>　　隨著技術(shù)的不斷進步，這些公司開始投資于新的系統(tǒng)，以支持他們在市場經(jīng)營方面的競爭力。降低倉儲成本的趨勢是最大限度地利用倉儲空間、最小化轉(zhuǎn)移次數(shù)、有效解決倉儲點或減少庫存種類的數(shù)量。如果租用了別人閑置的倉儲空間，或者如果企業(yè)的倉儲數(shù)量較高，則必須支付額外租用的房屋、能源、熱量，這些成本非常顯著。倉庫經(jīng)理通常希望以最低的成本為客戶提供高質(zhì)量的服務(wù)。從戰(zhàn)術(shù)、戰(zhàn)略和運營角度來看，主要問題涉及

53、到倉儲和庫存管理。</p><p>　　倉儲系統(tǒng)和物料搬運系統(tǒng)在供應(yīng)鏈中起著舉足輕重的作用，近年來倉儲和搬運業(yè)務(wù)的需求大幅增加。</p><p>　　倉儲是指與庫存管理相關(guān)的活動。這些活動發(fā)生在倉庫區(qū)域內(nèi)，主要是與貨物的接收、采購、搬運、揀選、收集和分揀有關(guān)的活動。</p><p>　　倉儲管理不僅僅是倉庫內(nèi)的采購、倉儲和運輸；這是一個更復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，超出了倉庫的物理

54、邊界。倉儲管理系統(tǒng)（以下簡稱WMS）用于提高績效和倉儲，以便更好地管理決策，只保留生產(chǎn)過程所需的嚴格必要的供應(yīng)。WMS可以充分利用資源，并在計劃、組織、控制和協(xié)調(diào)過程中提供高效的倉儲服務(wù)。WMS是每個倉庫必不可少的方法。與手動處理系統(tǒng)相比，自動化倉儲系統(tǒng)的工作量更小、效率更高、結(jié)果更可靠。WMS旨在通過有效的倉儲流程來幫助降低成本。這個被稱為WMS的工具是一種通過定義的參數(shù)來促進搬運操作和存儲材料的系統(tǒng)，但是該系統(tǒng)的部署需要經(jīng)過幾個步驟

55、，會對公司的各個部門產(chǎn)生積極和消極的影響。</p><p>　　倉儲自動化的需求源自手動處理可能會導(dǎo)致人為錯誤，從而影響到倉庫的利用率。</p><p>　　本文之所以選擇定性研究方法之一的案例研究，是因為它是研究中最常用的方法之一，注重于不同的管理方法在組織實踐中的應(yīng)用。案例研究被定義為使用多種證據(jù)來源，對其自然環(huán)境中的當前現(xiàn)象進行實證調(diào)查。根據(jù)案例的預(yù)設(shè)條件選擇研究案例。</p&

56、gt;<p>　　本文的目的是展示所選定的物流服務(wù)供應(yīng)商（Ewals Cargo Care）的倉儲管理系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)缺點，尤其是在物流服務(wù)和交通運輸方面。本文提出了新的倉儲方式，并介紹了物流企業(yè)如何降低物流成本，主要是人工成本。這尤其得益于倉儲管理系統(tǒng)的實施。案例研究中使用的數(shù)據(jù)是基于物流服務(wù)提供商的實際物流過程。本文發(fā)現(xiàn)了與人工成本、搬運設(shè)備成本和材料識別成本有關(guān)的成本。</p><p>　　3.案例研

57、究：物流服務(wù)商的倉儲管理系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　本案例研究側(cè)重于新的倉儲方式，并介紹了物流服務(wù)提供商（Ewals Cargo Care）如何通過實施倉儲管理系統(tǒng)來降低物流成本。Ewals Cargo Care（以下簡稱ECC）是一家運輸物流公司，在市場上的經(jīng)營時間已經(jīng)超過了110年。ECC主要為汽車、電子消費產(chǎn)品、造紙和包裝行業(yè)的制造商和分銷商提供運輸服務(wù)，以及與貨物倉儲和搬運相關(guān)的服務(wù)。</p>

58、<p>　　公司的目標始終是尋找從供應(yīng)商到客戶的運輸過程的最佳解決方案，并尋找結(jié)合裝運、轉(zhuǎn)運和使用整合倉庫的可能性。ECC充分利用其多年的經(jīng)驗、技能和知識，為客戶找到并實施對環(huán)境影響最小的最有效解決方案。</p><p>　　案例研究比較了兩種模式。第一個是現(xiàn)有的倉儲系統(tǒng)，第二個是新的創(chuàng)新型的WMS。為了實現(xiàn)WMS的設(shè)計，分析了基于固定倉庫位置的倉庫管理和跟蹤單個庫存品庫存的通用軟件。目前的固定倉位系

59、統(tǒng)不允許變量使用空倉庫單元來滿足當前的需求收入和物料倉庫。反過來，實施WMS的建議允許幾乎100％利用倉儲容量，并減少從貨物接收、入庫、倉儲和配送到生產(chǎn)所需的行政處理時間。對于目前引進管理倉庫的建議所需測量值的計算，在2017年使用ECC客戶生產(chǎn)計劃。在這些生產(chǎn)計劃中，可以獲得在實施WMS時分析人員和技術(shù)復(fù)雜性所需的數(shù)據(jù)。</p><p>　　表1顯示了現(xiàn)有的倉儲系統(tǒng)的人工成本。人工成本受ECC中的工資管制的影響

60、。根據(jù)員工人數(shù)（32人）由總?cè)藛T成本決定，每月為118.3萬克朗。</p><p>　　表1.人工成本——現(xiàn)有狀況——現(xiàn)有的倉儲系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　2017年，通過WMS的實施，倉庫的操作人員得以改變。在表2中，列出了WMS實施后的倉庫人工成本。在32名員工中實施軟硬件WMS后，已經(jīng)優(yōu)化了6名員工。人工成本將從每月118.3萬克朗減至每月96.7萬克朗。</p><

61、;p>　　表2.人工成本——實施WMS后的狀況</p><p>　　在表3中，概述了實施WMS之前和之后倉庫中所需的搬運設(shè)備。自WMS實施以來發(fā)生的變化是節(jié)省了一個叉車（表3中的黃色高亮框）。由于WMS減少了叉車司機的數(shù)量，使得叉車的數(shù)量可以減少。每月節(jié)省了24,242克朗。</p><p><b>　　表3.搬運設(shè)備成本</b></p><

62、p>　　表4顯示了實施WMS的硬件和軟件成本。這些成本包括軟件和硬件設(shè)備（射頻終端設(shè)備，射頻網(wǎng)絡(luò)，包括安裝和打印身份證所需的打印機）。軟件每月折舊費為36,944克朗，維護費用為7,875克朗。硬件每月折舊費為19,168克朗。WMS的軟件和硬件每月總成本為63,987克朗。</p><p>　　表4.實施WMS的硬件和軟件成本</p><p>　　表5顯示了ECC倉庫中材料識別的物

63、流成本。從可用數(shù)據(jù)中確定打印身份證（以下簡稱IDC）的總數(shù)為660,294件。打印一個IDC的成本為0.61克朗，因此它們是可識別的費用，乘以IDC的總數(shù)計算為402,779克朗。硬件和軟件成本（HW和SW列）每月固定為29,637克朗。這筆款項包括使用個人電腦和打印機，包括耗材。材料識別的年度總成本為758,423克朗。</p><p>　　表5.材料識別、硬件和軟件設(shè)備的物流成本——現(xiàn)有的倉庫系統(tǒng)</p

64、><p>　　表6顯示了實施WMS時材料識別的成本。IDC成本將會發(fā)生改變，因為新的IDCs更便宜。一張身份證只需要花費0.24克朗。這種改變將導(dǎo)致在硬件和軟件方面的變化。WMS得硬件和軟件每月運營的可以從表4中看出，每月總計63,987克朗。從表格比較中可以看出，WMS的實施將使材料識別的總成本從每年的758,423克朗增加到了926,318克朗。</p><p>　　表6.材料識別、硬件和

65、軟件設(shè)備的物流成本——WMS</p><p>　　表7顯示了總成本評估，即在固定位置使用現(xiàn)有的倉儲方式。表格的右邊部分顯示了WMS的實施?？偣部晒?jié)省6人，因此可降低人工成本。WMS可以降低叉車倉庫設(shè)備的成本。材料識別成本略有增加，但每年總成本節(jié)約將達到2,715,009克朗。</p><p>　　表7.年度總成本評估</p><p><b>　　4.結(jié)論&

66、lt;/b></p><p>　　WMS帶來了許多積極的影響。WMS在實踐中意味著材料的所有運動都由軟件控制，材料是由射頻終端傳輸?shù)臈l形碼識別出來的。工人們盡量減少錯誤，提高生產(chǎn)率。倉庫員工執(zhí)行的流程可以隨時進行監(jiān)控和評估。系統(tǒng)最大限度地減少了投訴，允許合并訂單并保證符合FIFO（先進先出）。</p><p>　　本文的目的是降低ECC中倉儲的物流成本，并出于物流成本節(jié)省的原因提出實