外文翻譯--感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的起動(dòng)方法和問題

1、<p>　　INDUCTION MOTOR STARTING METHODS AND ISSUES</p><p>　　感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的起動(dòng)方法和問題</p><p>　　Abstract Many methods can be used to start large AC induction motors. Choices such as full voltage, reduced

2、 voltage either by autotransformer or Wyes - Delta, a soft starter, or usage of an adjustable speed drive can all have potential advantages and trade offs. Reduced voltage starting can lower the starting torque and help

3、prevent damage to the load. Additionally, power factor correction capacitors can be used to reduce the current, but care must be taken to size them properly. Usage of the wr</p><p><b>　　摘要： </b>

4、;</p><p>　　許多方法可用于啟動(dòng)大型交流感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)。選擇如全電壓，通過自耦變壓器或Y形三角電壓降低，軟起動(dòng)器，或可調(diào)速驅(qū)動(dòng)器的使用都可以有潛在的優(yōu)勢(shì)和權(quán)衡。降壓起動(dòng)可以降低起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩，防止損壞負(fù)載。此外，校正電容器可用于降低功率因數(shù)，但必須注意正確的尺寸。錯(cuò)誤的電容器的使用可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致重大損失。選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯?dòng)方法，電機(jī)將包括為保證電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)提供了所需的性能的同時(shí)，最大限度地降低其成本的初始荷載的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)分析

5、。本文將最常用的起動(dòng)方法和推薦的應(yīng)用研究。</p><p>　　Index Terms: motor starting. Reduced voltage start auto transformer, wyes-delta, power factor correction</p><p>　　索引條款：電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)。降壓起動(dòng)自耦變壓器，Y形三角洲，功率因數(shù)校正</p><

6、p>　　INTRODUCTION </p><p>　　There are several general methods of starting induction motors: full voltage, reduced voltage, wyes-delta, and part winding types. The reduced voltage type can include solid sta

7、te starters, adjustable frequency drives, and autotransformers. These, along with the full voltage, or across the line starting, give the purchaser a large variety of automotives when it comes to specifying the motor to

8、be used in a given application. Each method has its own benefits, as well as performance trade offs. Pr</p><p><b>　　簡(jiǎn)介：</b></p><p>　　有起動(dòng)異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的幾種常見方法：全電壓，降低電壓，Y形三角洲，和部分繞組類型。低電壓型可包括固態(tài)啟

9、動(dòng)器，變頻驅(qū)動(dòng)器，和自耦變壓器。這些，連同全電壓，或直接起動(dòng)，給買方的汽車種類繁多的時(shí)候指定在給定的應(yīng)用程序中使用的電機(jī)。每種方法都有其自身的利益，以及性能的權(quán)衡。正確的選擇會(huì)涉及的任何權(quán)力制約制度進(jìn)行徹底的調(diào)查，以加速負(fù)載設(shè)備的整體成本。</p><p>　　In order for the load to be accelerated, the motor must generate greater torq

10、ue than the load requirement. In general there are three points of interest on the motor's speed-torque curve. The first is locked-rotor torque (LRT) which is the minimum torque which the motor will develop at rest f

11、or all angular positions of the rotor. The second is pull-up torque (PUT) which is defined as the minimum torque developed by the motor during the period of acceleration from rest to the speed at which break</p>&

12、lt;p>　　為了使負(fù)載能加速，電機(jī)必須產(chǎn)生更大的扭矩比負(fù)荷要求。一般有三點(diǎn)對(duì)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的扭矩曲線的興趣。第一個(gè)是鎖定轉(zhuǎn)子扭矩（LRT），最小轉(zhuǎn)矩，電機(jī)將在剩下的所有的角位置的轉(zhuǎn)子。二是拉轉(zhuǎn)矩（放），定義為最小轉(zhuǎn)矩由電動(dòng)機(jī)在加速期從其余的速度，轉(zhuǎn)矩發(fā)生。最后是擊穿扭矩（BDT）被定義為最大轉(zhuǎn)矩，電機(jī)的發(fā)展。如果這些點(diǎn)所需的負(fù)荷曲線的下方，然后電機(jī)不能啟動(dòng)。</p><p>　　The time it take

13、s for the motor to accelerate the load is dependent on the inertia of the load and the margin between the torque of the motor and the load curve, sometimes called accelerating torque. In general, the longer the time it t

14、akes for the motor to accelerate the load, the more heat that will be generated in the rotor bars, shorting ring and the stator winding. This heat leads to additional stresses in these parts and can have an impaction mot

15、or life.</p><p>　　這需要對(duì)電機(jī)的加速負(fù)載的時(shí)間是依賴于負(fù)載的慣量和電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩與負(fù)載曲線之間的邊緣，有時(shí)也被稱為加速轉(zhuǎn)矩。一般來說，越需要電機(jī)的加速負(fù)載時(shí)，其會(huì)在轉(zhuǎn)子產(chǎn)生更多的熱量，短路環(huán)和定子繞組。這種熱導(dǎo)致這些部件的附加應(yīng)力，可以有一個(gè)影響電機(jī)的壽命。</p><p>　　II. FULL VOLTAGE The full voltage starting meth

16、od, also known as across the line starting, is the easiest method to employ, has the lowest equipment costs, and is the most reliable. This method utilizes a control to close a contactor and apply full line voltage to th

17、e motor terminals. This method will allow the motor to generate its highest starting torque and provide the shortest acceleration times. This method also puts the highest strain on the power system due to the high starti

18、ng currents t</p><p>　　II。全壓全電壓起動(dòng)方法，也被稱為直接起動(dòng)，是采用最簡(jiǎn)單的方法，具有最低的設(shè)備成本，是最可靠的。該方法利用一控制關(guān)閉接觸器應(yīng)用全電壓的電機(jī)端子。這種方法將使電機(jī)產(chǎn)生最高的起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩和提供最短的加速時(shí)間。這種方法也提出了最高的菌株對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)由于高的起動(dòng)電流，一般可以在六到七倍的電機(jī)電流正常滿負(fù)荷。如果電機(jī)是電力系統(tǒng)薄弱，突然的高功耗可引起電壓暫降，不僅在電機(jī)端子，但整個(gè)

19、電源總線送起動(dòng)電機(jī)。此電壓下降將導(dǎo)致電機(jī)的起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩下降，下降和轉(zhuǎn)矩的任何其他電機(jī)電源總線上運(yùn)行。開發(fā)的感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩變化大致為所施加的電壓的平方。因此，根據(jù)電壓下降量，電機(jī)在這一弱勢(shì)客車運(yùn)行可能失速。此外，電壓條件下監(jiān)測(cè)許多控制系統(tǒng)，一個(gè)潛在的問題，可以采取離線運(yùn)行電動(dòng)機(jī)全電壓起動(dòng)時(shí)。除了電源總線的電性變化，一個(gè)潛在的直接起動(dòng)的物理缺點(diǎn)的驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)備，看到突然加載。這種沖擊加載由于暫態(tài)扭矩可超過600%的鎖定轉(zhuǎn)子扭矩可增加對(duì)設(shè)備的磨損，甚

20、至導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的故障，如果負(fù)載不能處理在盯著由電機(jī)產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩。</p><p>　　A. Capacitors and Starting Induction motors typically have very low power factor during starting and as a result have very large reactive power draw. See Fig. 2. This

21、effect on the system can be reduced by adding capacitors to the motor during starting. </p><p>　　答：電容起動(dòng)異步電動(dòng)機(jī)通常有非常低的功率因數(shù)在起動(dòng)和結(jié)果具有非常大的功畫。見圖2。這對(duì)系統(tǒng)的影響可以通過增加電容器的電機(jī)起動(dòng)時(shí)降低。</p><p>　　The large reactive cu

22、rrents required by the motor lag the applied voltage by 90 electrical degrees. This reactive power doesn't create any measurable output, but is rather the energy required for the motor to function. The product of the

23、 applied system voltage and this reactive power component can be measured in VARS (volt-ampere reactive). The capacitors act to supply a current that leads the applied voltage by 90 electrical degrees. The leading curren

24、ts supplied by the capacitors cancel the la</p><p>　　大反應(yīng)電流的電機(jī)滯后電壓90°電角度的要求。這無功不產(chǎn)生任何可測(cè)量的輸出，而是用于電機(jī)的功能所需的能量。應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的電壓的乘積這功分量可測(cè)變量（乏）。電容器的行為提供一電流，使電壓90°電角度。領(lǐng)先的電流由電容器提供取消滯后電流通過電機(jī)的要求，減少需要從電力系統(tǒng)繪制功量。為了避免過電壓和電

25、機(jī)損壞，須特別小心，以確保電容器作為電機(jī)達(dá)到額定轉(zhuǎn)速的刪除，或在斷電時(shí)使電機(jī)不會(huì)從電容器提供勵(lì)磁電流，發(fā)電機(jī)模式。這將擴(kuò)大對(duì)下一節(jié)和附錄中。</p><p>　　B. Power Factor Correction Capacitors can also be left permanently connected to raise the full load power factor. When used in

26、this manner they are called power factor correction capacitors. The capacitors should never be sized larger than the magnetizing current of the motor unless they can be disconnected from the motor in the event of a power

27、 loss.</p><p>　　B.功率因數(shù)校正電容器還可以留下永久連接到提高全負(fù)荷功率因數(shù)。當(dāng)以這種方式使用它們被稱為功率因數(shù)校正電容器。電容器不應(yīng)尺寸大于磁化電流的電機(jī)除非他們可以斷開電機(jī)在斷電的情況下。</p><p>　　The addition of capacitors will change the effective open circuit time constant

28、of the motor. The time constant indicates the time required for remaining voltage in the motor to decay to 36.8% of rated voltage after the loss of power. This is typically one to three seconds without capacitors.</p&

29、gt;<p>　　另外的電容器將改變有效開路時(shí)間常數(shù)的電機(jī)。時(shí)間常數(shù)表明剩余電壓在電機(jī)額定電壓衰減到36.8%的功率損失后所需的時(shí)間。這通常是一個(gè)三秒的無電容器。</p><p>　　With capacitors connected to the leads of the motor, the capacitors can continue to supply magnetizing curren

30、t after the power to the motor has been disconnected. This is indicated by a longer time constant for the system. If the motor is driving a high inertia load, the motor can change over to generator action with the magnet

31、izing .</p><p>　　與連接到電機(jī)的引線電容器，電容器可以在電動(dòng)機(jī)的電源已斷開，繼續(xù)提供磁化電流。這是一個(gè)較長的時(shí)間常數(shù)為系統(tǒng)顯示。如果電機(jī)是驅(qū)動(dòng)大慣性負(fù)載，電機(jī)可以改變與勵(lì)磁發(fā)電機(jī)行動(dòng)。</p><p>　　Current from the capacitors and the shaft driven by the load. This can result in the

32、 voltage at the motor terminals actually rising to nearly 50% of rated voltage in some cases. If the power is reconnected before this voltage decays severe transients can be created which can cause significant switching

33、currents and torques that can severely damage the motor and the driven equipment. An example of this phenomenon is outlined in the appendix.</p><p>　　從電容器和軸驅(qū)動(dòng)的負(fù)載電流。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致在電機(jī)端子實(shí)際上在上升至近50%，在某些情況下，額定電壓在電壓。如果重新連

34、接電源之前，這個(gè)電壓衰減嚴(yán)重的瞬變可以創(chuàng)建可引起明顯的開關(guān)電流和扭矩，會(huì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞電機(jī)和驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)備。這種現(xiàn)象的一個(gè)例子是在附錄中列出了。</p><p>　　Ill. REDUCED VOLTAGE Each of the reduced voltage methods are intended to reduce the impact of motor starting current on the power s

35、ystem by controlling the voltage that the motor sees at the terminals. It is very important to know the characteristics of the load to be started when considering any form of reduced voltage starting. The motor manufactu

36、rer will need to have the speed torque curve and the inertia of the driven equipment when they validate their design. The curve can be built from an </p><p>　　生病。降低電壓的電壓降低的方法的目的是降低電機(jī)起動(dòng)電流對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)的電壓控制，電機(jī)將在終端。這是了

37、解負(fù)載的特點(diǎn)是啟動(dòng)時(shí)考慮任何形式的降壓起動(dòng)很重要。汽車制造商將需要轉(zhuǎn)速扭矩曲線和驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)備的慣性，當(dāng)他們驗(yàn)證他們的設(shè)計(jì)。該曲線可由初始，或脫離扭矩，只有其他四個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)的速度范圍內(nèi)，和全轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)矩的起動(dòng)條件。離心式或平方曲線可以在許多情況下，假設(shè)，但也有一些應(yīng)用，這將是有問題的。一個(gè)例子是，螺桿壓縮機(jī)具有更高的扭矩要求在較低的速度比一般離心泵或風(fēng)機(jī)負(fù)載。見圖3。通過了解負(fù)載的細(xì)節(jié)必須開始制造商可以確保電機(jī)能產(chǎn)生足夠的轉(zhuǎn)矩啟動(dòng)負(fù)載，具有起動(dòng)方法

38、，chhosen。</p><p>　　A. Autotransformer </p><p><b>　　答：自耦變壓器</b></p><p>　　The motor leads are connected to the lower voltage side of the transformer. The most common taps

39、that are used are 80%, 65%, and 50%. At 50% voltage the current on the primary is 25% of the full voltage locked rotor amps. The motor is started with this reduced voltage, and then after a pre-set condition is reached t

40、he connection is switched to line voltage. This condition could be a preset time, current level, bus volts, or motor speed. The change over can be done in either a closed circuit tran</p><p>　　電機(jī)引線連接到變壓器的低壓側(cè)

41、。這是最常用的水龍頭80%，65%，和50%。在50%上的電壓電流是25%次全電壓鎖定轉(zhuǎn)子電流。電機(jī)啟動(dòng)這個(gè)降低的電壓，然后在一個(gè)預(yù)先設(shè)定的條件達(dá)到連接切換到線電壓。這種情況可能是一個(gè)預(yù)先設(shè)定的時(shí)間，目前的水平，總線伏，或電機(jī)速度。的變化可在一個(gè)閉合電路的過渡，還是一個(gè)開放的電路轉(zhuǎn)換的方法。在開放電路電壓的連接方法是作為它是從低電壓變?yōu)樗骄€。護(hù)理應(yīng)用于確保不會(huì)有問題，從瞬變由于開關(guān)。這個(gè)潛在的問題可以通過使用閉路過渡消除。與閉回路法有

42、一個(gè)連續(xù)的</p><p>　　Voltage applied to the motor. Another benefit with the autotransformer starting is in possible lower vibration and noise levels during starting.</p><p>　　施加到電動(dòng)機(jī)的電壓。在啟動(dòng)過程中的另一個(gè)好處與自耦

43、變壓器起動(dòng)在盡可能低的振動(dòng)和噪音水平。</p><p>　　Since the torque generated by the motor will vary as the square of the applied voltage, great care should be taken to make sure that there will be sufficient accelerating torque

44、available from the motor. A speed torque curve for the driven equipment along with the inertia should be used to verify the design of the motor. A good rule of thumb is to have a minimum of 10% of the rated full load tor

45、que of the motor as a margin at all points of the curve.</p><p>　　由于電機(jī)產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩會(huì)隨著所施加的電壓的平方變化，要特別注意確保有足夠的加速轉(zhuǎn)矩可以從電機(jī)。用于驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)備，隨著慣性力矩速度曲線可以用來驗(yàn)證電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)。一個(gè)好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則是有一個(gè)最低的額定滿負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)矩的電動(dòng)機(jī)10%作為所有點(diǎn)的曲線邊緣。</p><p>　　Addit

46、ionally, the acceleration time should be evaluated to make sure that the motor has sufficient thermal capacity to handle the heat generated due to the longer acceleration time.</p><p>　　此外，加速時(shí)間應(yīng)進(jìn)行評(píng)估，以確保電機(jī)由于較

47、長的加速時(shí)間產(chǎn)生足夠的熱容量的熱處理。</p><p>　　B. Solid State or Soft Starters </p><p><b>　　B.固態(tài)軟起動(dòng)器</b></p><p>　　These devices utilize silicon controlled rectifiers or Scars. By controll

48、ing the firing angle of the SCR the voltage that the device produces can be controlled during the starting of the motor by limiting the flow of power for only part of the duration of the sine wave.</p><p>　　

49、這些器件采用可控硅整流器或疤痕。通過控制觸發(fā)角的晶閘管電壓，該裝置產(chǎn)生可控制的電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)過程中通過限制只有正弦波的時(shí)間部分功率流。</p><p>　　The most widely used type of soft starter is the current limiting type. A current limit of 175% to 500% of full load current is prog

50、rammed in to the device. It then will ramp up the voltage applied to the motor until it reaches the limit value, and will then hold that current as the motor accelerates.</p><p>　　軟起動(dòng)器使用最廣泛的類型是類型的電流限制。電流限制為1

51、75%到500%的滿負(fù)荷電流編程的裝置。然后它會(huì)增加電機(jī)電壓直至達(dá)到極限值，然后就認(rèn)為，電流為電動(dòng)機(jī)的加速。</p><p>　　Tachometers can be used with solid state starters to control acceleration time. Voltage output is adjusted as required by the starter controlle

52、r to provide a constant rate of acceleration. The same precautions in regards to starting torque should be followed for the soft starters as with the other reduced voltage starting methods. Another problem due to the fir

53、ing angle of the SCR is that the motor could experience harmonic oscillating torques. Depending on the driven equipment, this could lead </p><p>　　轉(zhuǎn)速表能與固態(tài)起動(dòng)器用于控制加速時(shí)間。輸出電壓是由起動(dòng)器必須提供一個(gè)恒定的速率加速調(diào)整。在以相同的預(yù)防措施，啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩應(yīng)遵

54、循的軟起動(dòng)器與其他降壓起動(dòng)方法。由于可控硅的觸發(fā)角的另一個(gè)問題是，電機(jī)能經(jīng)歷諧波振蕩的扭矩。根據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)備，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致令人興奮的系統(tǒng)的自然頻率。</p><p>　　C. Adjustable Frequency Drives </p><p><b>　　C.變頻驅(qū)動(dòng)器</b></p><p>　　This type of device gi

55、ves the greatest overall control and flexibility in starting induction motors giving the most torque for an amount of current. It is also the most costly.The drive varies not only the voltage level, but also the frequenc

56、y, to allow the motor to operate on a constant volt per hertz level. This allows the motor to generate full load torque throughout a large speed range, up to 10:1. During starting, 150% of rated current is typical.This a

57、llows a significant reduction in the p</p><p>　　這種類型的設(shè)備提供了最大的整體控制和靈活性，在起動(dòng)異步電動(dòng)機(jī)給最轉(zhuǎn)矩電流量。它也是最昂貴的。驅(qū)動(dòng)的變化不僅電壓水平，而且頻率，使電機(jī)在一個(gè)恒定的伏特每赫茲級(jí)操作。這使電機(jī)產(chǎn)生滿負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)矩在整個(gè)調(diào)速范圍大，可達(dá)10:1。在啟動(dòng)過程中，額定電流的150%是典型的。這允許啟動(dòng)所需的負(fù)載功率的顯著減少，并降低了電機(jī)產(chǎn)生的熱量，

58、所有這些總計(jì)達(dá)更高的效率。漁農(nóng)處的使用也可以允許一個(gè)較小的電機(jī)是由于可用的扭矩在較低的速度范圍內(nèi)顯著增加的應(yīng)用。電機(jī)仍應(yīng)尺寸大于所需的功率來驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)載。漁農(nóng)處允許的負(fù)荷，是不是加速容易獲得與其他類型的降壓起動(dòng)控制方法很大程度上。</p><p>　　The greatest drawback of the AFD is in the cost relative to the other methods. Drive

59、s are the most costly to employ and may also require specific motor designs to be used. Based on the output signal of the drive, filtered or unfiltered, the motor could require additional construction features. These con

60、struction features include insulated bearings, shaft grounding brushes, and insulated couplings due to potential shaft current from common mode voltage. Without these features, shaft currents, whi</p><p>　　漁

61、農(nóng)處的最大的缺點(diǎn)是成本相對(duì)于其他方法。驅(qū)動(dòng)器是最昂貴的使用，可能還需要具體的電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)被使用?；隍?qū)動(dòng)器的輸出信號(hào)，過濾或未經(jīng)過濾的，可能需要額外的電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)特征包括絕緣軸承，軸接地電刷和絕緣接頭，由于潛在的軸從共模電壓電流。如果沒有這些功能，軸電流，循環(huán)通過軸的軸承，通過電機(jī)支架與背，創(chuàng)造，導(dǎo)致軸承過早失效的軸承弧，潛在的電弧時(shí)需要考慮應(yīng)用電機(jī)/驅(qū)動(dòng)封裝在一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境中，第二冊(cè)/區(qū)。</p><p&g

62、t;　　An additional construction feature of a motor used on an AFD may require is an upgraded insulation system on the motor windings. An unfiltered output signal from a drive can create harmonic voltage spikes in the moto

63、r, stressing the insulation of the motor windings.It is important to note that the features described pertain to motors which will be startedand run on an AFD. If the drive is only used for starting the motor, these feat

64、ures may not be necessary.</p><p>　　一種用在AFD電機(jī)的額外建筑功能可能需要的是升級(jí)的絕緣系統(tǒng)的電機(jī)繞組。從驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)未經(jīng)過濾的輸出信號(hào)可以在電機(jī)產(chǎn)生諧波電壓尖峰，強(qiáng)調(diào)電機(jī)繞組絕緣。需要注意的是，所描述的功能涉及到的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)將在該處跑起步很重要。如果驅(qū)動(dòng)器是用于啟動(dòng)電機(jī)，這些特征可能是不必要的。</p><p>　　Consult with the mot

65、or manufacturer for application specific requirements.</p><p>　　隨著應(yīng)用程序的具體要求，電機(jī)制造商咨詢。</p><p>　　D. Primary Resistor or Reactor Starting </p><p><b>　　初級(jí)電阻或電抗起動(dòng)</b></p>

66、;<p>　　This method uses either a series resistor or reactor bank to be placed in the circuit with the motor. Resistor starting is more frequently used for smaller motors.</p><p>　　該方法利用一系列電阻器或電抗器的銀行被放

67、置在電路與電機(jī)。電阻起動(dòng)更頻繁地使用較小的電機(jī)。</p><p>　　When the motor is started, the resistor bank limits the flow of inrush current and provides for a voltage drop at the motor terminals. The resistors can be selected to provi

68、de voltage reductions up to 50%. As the motor comes up to speed, it develops a counter EMF (electro-magnetic field) that opposes the voltage applied to the motor. This further limits the inrush currents. As the inrush cu

69、rrent diminishes, so does t>e voltage drop across the resistor bank allowing the torque generated by the mo</p><p>　　當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)時(shí)，電阻銀行限制浪涌電流的流動(dòng)，并提供電機(jī)端子的電壓降。電阻可以選擇提供電壓降低到50%。當(dāng)電機(jī)達(dá)到的速度，它開發(fā)了一個(gè)反電動(dòng)勢(shì)（電磁場(chǎng)）反對(duì)電機(jī)電壓。這進(jìn)一步限

70、制了浪涌電流。由于浪涌電流減少，那么T＞E壓降電阻銀行允許轉(zhuǎn)矩由電動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的增加。在預(yù)定的時(shí)間的裝置將在短路電阻和打開起動(dòng)接觸器的電路能夠有效消除電阻銀行。這提供了一個(gè)封閉的過渡，消除了由于切換瞬變的關(guān)系。</p><p>　　Reactors will tend to oppose any sudden changes in current and therefore act to limit the curr

71、ent during starting. They will remain shorted after starting and provide a closed transition to line voltage.</p><p>　　反應(yīng)堆將傾向于反對(duì)當(dāng)前的任何突然變化，因此起到限流起動(dòng)過程。他們將開始提供短路電壓關(guān)閉后過渡期。</p><p>　　IV. INCREMENT TYP

72、E </p><p><b>　　四、增量型</b></p><p>　　The first starting types that we have discussed have deal with the way the energy is applied to the motor. The next type deals with different ways t

73、he motor can be physically changed to deal with starting issues.</p><p>　　首先，我們討論的類型與能量施加到電機(jī)的方式處理。第二類有不同方式的運(yùn)動(dòng)身體可以改變處理啟動(dòng)問題。</p><p>　　Part Winding </p><p><b>　　部分繞組</b><

74、;/p><p>　　With this method the stator of the motor is designed in such a way that it is made up of two separate windings. The most common method is known as the half winding method. As the name suggests, the st

75、ator is made up of two identical balanced windings. A special starter is configured so that full voltage can be applied to one half of the winding, and then after a short delay, to the second half. This method can reduce

76、 the starting current by 50 to 60%, but also the starting torque. One drawback t</p><p>　　用這種方法對(duì)電機(jī)的定子是這樣一種方式，它是由兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的繞組設(shè)計(jì)。最常見的方法被稱為半繞組的方法。顧名思義，定子是由兩個(gè)相同的平衡繞組。一個(gè)特殊的起動(dòng)器被配置為全電壓可用于纏繞的一半，然后在短暫的延遲后，到下半年。該方法可以由50～60