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1、<p><b> 中文6960字</b></p><p> 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文翻譯</p><p> NO.7信令系統(tǒng)研究</p><p><b> 摘要 </b></p><p> No.7 信令網(wǎng)是現(xiàn)代通信網(wǎng)的重要組成部分,它支持目前整個(gè)通信網(wǎng)的所有業(yè)務(wù)
2、。我國(guó)采用的No.7 信令網(wǎng)是具有多種功能的業(yè)務(wù)支撐網(wǎng),并已建有一套較為完善的網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系。論文從No.7 信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā)詳細(xì)介紹了我國(guó)目前對(duì)No.7 信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)的維護(hù)管理工作,比較了No.7 信令網(wǎng)管系統(tǒng)和No 7 信令監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的區(qū)別,介紹了程控交換機(jī)中的 No.7信令系統(tǒng)軟硬件配置及維護(hù) ,并對(duì)當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在的不足和其面臨的困擾進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明 。與此
3、同時(shí)也總結(jié)了NO.7信令系統(tǒng)未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向。</p><p><b> 引言 </b></p><p> 通用性很強(qiáng)的No.7信令系統(tǒng)(Signaling System No.7)是國(guó)際電報(bào)電話咨詢委員會(huì)(CCITT)于1980年提出來(lái)的,現(xiàn)在No.7信令通過(guò)多次擴(kuò)展修改,已形成了一個(gè)完整的信令體系。在現(xiàn)代通信網(wǎng)中將用戶話音、數(shù)據(jù)與控
4、制用戶數(shù)據(jù)傳送的控制數(shù)據(jù)(信令)分開(kāi)傳送專門(mén)傳送信令的網(wǎng)絡(luò)稱為信令網(wǎng),No.7 信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)就是這種信令網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)。No.7 信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)是現(xiàn)代通信網(wǎng)的核心,它支持目前整個(gè)通信網(wǎng)的所有業(yè)務(wù),從電信網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)到蜂窩電話網(wǎng)整個(gè)通信工業(yè)都依賴于No.7 信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。No.7 信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)本身是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng),并提供了一個(gè)協(xié)議和消息類(lèi)型的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集,因此所有信令和控制信息都可以以數(shù)據(jù)消息的格式傳輸并能支持無(wú)限多種數(shù)據(jù)
5、消。</p><p> No.7 信令網(wǎng)是電信網(wǎng)的三大支撐網(wǎng)之一,是電信網(wǎng)的重要組成部分,其應(yīng)用十分廣泛。到目前為止我國(guó)已經(jīng)建立了由高級(jí)信令轉(zhuǎn)接點(diǎn)(HSTP),低級(jí)信令轉(zhuǎn)接點(diǎn)(LSTP)和大量的信令點(diǎn)(SP)組成的三級(jí)七號(hào)信令網(wǎng),使得七號(hào)信令網(wǎng)真正成為電信網(wǎng)的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)和支撐網(wǎng)。因此七號(hào)信令網(wǎng)的運(yùn)行質(zhì)量直接影響到電信網(wǎng)及其各種業(yè)務(wù)網(wǎng)的運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性和實(shí)際效益。 </p><p&g
6、t; 隨著通信網(wǎng)的日益發(fā)展,傳輸質(zhì)量的不斷提高,數(shù)字通信已廣泛使用。由于 No.7信令系統(tǒng)具有許多眾所周知的優(yōu)點(diǎn),No.7信令逐步取代隨路信令應(yīng)用在各種通信領(lǐng)域中,在我國(guó)已初步形成了獨(dú)立的 No.7信令網(wǎng)。</p><p> 關(guān)鍵字:信令 移動(dòng)通信技術(shù) 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 基站 信道 </p><p> 1:信令分為隨路和共路信令兩種,七號(hào)信令是共路信令,表示語(yǔ)音信號(hào)和信令消息
7、分開(kāi)傳輸,是目前我國(guó)主要采用的技術(shù)。它具有傳輸容量大,速 度快,信道利用率高的優(yōu)點(diǎn),滿足了現(xiàn)代數(shù)字通信的需求,應(yīng)用廣泛。首先介紹下,通信網(wǎng)分為信令網(wǎng)和話路網(wǎng),而信令網(wǎng)又是通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的基礎(chǔ)。在信令網(wǎng)中所運(yùn)行的信令協(xié)議主要可分為:中國(guó)一號(hào)信令(隨路信令)和NO.7信令(共路信令)。而在我國(guó)的通信網(wǎng)中主要使用NO.7信令。NO.7信令是整個(gè)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ),我可以用這樣一個(gè)比喻來(lái)表達(dá)NO.7信令的作用,如果將整個(gè)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的硬件設(shè)施比喻成一個(gè)人的
8、骨架,那么NO.7信令就是流淌在這個(gè)人身體中的血液。由此可知,NO.7信令是貫穿于整個(gè)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的,它是為了完成呼叫接續(xù)的一種通信語(yǔ)言。NO.7信令我們也可以說(shuō)成是為了完成某種業(yè)務(wù)的操作交互而發(fā)出的一些指令或命令。 NO.7信令有四種分類(lèi)方式:按照傳送方向分可以分為前向信令和后向信令;按照功能分可以分為管理信令、線路信令;按照工作區(qū)域分可以分為局間信令和用戶線信令;按照傳送信道分可以分為共路信令和隨路信令。 </p>
9、<p> 介紹一下共路信令和隨路信令:隨路信令是指?jìng)魉托帕畹逆溌泛驮捖肥峭?一條鏈路;共路信令是指?jìng)魉托帕畹逆溌泛驮捖凡辉谕粭l鏈路上。中國(guó)一號(hào)信令就是隨路信令,而NO.7信令是共路信令。共路信令依據(jù)其自身的構(gòu)架而引發(fā)出了一些優(yōu)點(diǎn):信令傳輸速度快;信令容量大;信道利用率高;信令易于管理和維護(hù);易于開(kāi)發(fā)一些基于信令的上層應(yīng)用。但有優(yōu)點(diǎn)的同時(shí)也給共路信令提出了一些特殊的要求:信道傳輸?shù)陌踩?性要高;信道傳輸?shù)恼`碼率要低;話路通
10、道要添加自身的監(jiān)聽(tīng)功能,因?yàn)樵诠猜沸帕钕到y(tǒng)中信令鏈路相通并不能代表著話路也是相通的。上面主要講述了NO.7信令的分類(lèi)以及各自的特點(diǎn)。 </p><p> 3.NO.7信令的基本概念:1.信令鏈路(Link):即指用來(lái)傳送信令的物理信道,一般為E1線的一個(gè)時(shí)隙;2.信令鏈路集 </p><p> ?。↙inkSet):具有相同屬性鏈路的集合,也可以說(shuō)成是到一個(gè)局向的所有鏈路組成的集
11、合。同一個(gè)信令鏈路集中的所有鏈路是負(fù)荷分擔(dān)的。兩個(gè)信令之間直連的鏈路集只能有一個(gè); 接下來(lái)我們?cè)俳榻B一下NO.7網(wǎng)的基本概念。NO.7信令網(wǎng)是我國(guó)通信網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ),它負(fù)責(zé)信令的交互以完成用戶的某項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)需求。而NO.7信令 是由信令點(diǎn)、信令轉(zhuǎn)接點(diǎn)和信令鏈路組成的。下面就著重介紹一下這三要素: </p><p> 1).信令點(diǎn)(SP):即為信令網(wǎng)中發(fā)送或接收信令消息的實(shí)體。如果是發(fā)送信令消息,那么就可以稱該信令點(diǎn)為
12、源信令點(diǎn);如果是接收信令消息,那么就可以稱該信令點(diǎn)為目的信令點(diǎn);一般情況下,信令網(wǎng)中的每個(gè)信令點(diǎn)既為源信令點(diǎn)又為目的信令點(diǎn); 2).信令轉(zhuǎn)接點(diǎn)(STP):也是信令網(wǎng)中的一個(gè)實(shí)體,但它既不是信令源點(diǎn)也不是信令目的點(diǎn),它只是將收到的消息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給另一個(gè)信令實(shí)體。 3).信令鏈路:該概念在前面已介紹過(guò)了,它在信令網(wǎng)中主要是負(fù)責(zé)連接不同信令點(diǎn)或信令轉(zhuǎn)接點(diǎn),使其相互之間能夠貫通。至于信令網(wǎng)中的連接方式又可以分為兩種:直連方式和準(zhǔn)直連方式。直連方式即
13、指兩個(gè)信令點(diǎn)直接相連,中間不經(jīng)過(guò)任何轉(zhuǎn)接;而準(zhǔn)直連方式是指兩個(gè)信令點(diǎn)間的連接是經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)或多個(gè)信令轉(zhuǎn)接點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)接的。因?yàn)樾帕钷D(zhuǎn)接點(diǎn)對(duì)用戶傳輸來(lái)說(shuō)是透明的,就 如同直連,所以我們稱之為準(zhǔn)直連?,F(xiàn)網(wǎng)中的連接方式以準(zhǔn)直連方式居多。 </p><p> 介紹一下我國(guó)NO.7信令網(wǎng)的組成結(jié)構(gòu),其結(jié)構(gòu)是比較清晰的,可以 用兩句話來(lái)描述全網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu):我國(guó)NO.7信令網(wǎng)是三層架構(gòu),采用雙平面結(jié)構(gòu)。其三層結(jié)構(gòu)分別為:高級(jí)信令轉(zhuǎn)接點(diǎn)HST
14、P(分布在各主要省分)、低級(jí)信令轉(zhuǎn)接點(diǎn)LSTP(分布在地級(jí)市 )、信令點(diǎn)SP(又稱為端局,一般分布在地級(jí)縣);而雙平面結(jié)構(gòu)主要是為了提高信令網(wǎng)的可靠性,我們一般采用A、B雙平面結(jié)構(gòu),即HSTP一般都成對(duì)出現(xiàn),并兩兩相連,這樣即使一個(gè)HSTP故障了,另外一個(gè)還可以接替:NO.7信令的承載方式有三種,分別為:TDM、ATM和IP;其各自在承載層上有很大的不同,但這些不同對(duì)上層用戶來(lái)說(shuō)是透明的。TDM和ATM我們稱為窄帶傳輸,而IP我們稱為寬
15、帶傳輸;TDM和ATM需要時(shí)鐘,而IP不需要時(shí)鐘;TDM有兩種速度,一種為64K(E1線中的某一個(gè)時(shí)隙),另一種為2M(利用E1線中31個(gè)時(shí)隙);ATM的速度為2M,使用E1線中30個(gè)時(shí)隙(0號(hào)時(shí)隙用于傳時(shí)鐘,16號(hào)時(shí)隙用于傳管理消息);IP總帶寬為100M,依照其建立的鏈路數(shù)不同,其帶寬也相應(yīng)的不同。三種承載方式的層次結(jié)構(gòu)圖如下:下面將詳細(xì)講解NO.7信令的層次結(jié)構(gòu),以及每層的作用。</p><p> . M
16、TP1 信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層:對(duì)應(yīng)于OSI模型中的物理層。信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路功能是MTP的第一功能級(jí),定義信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路的物理、電氣和功能特性。而信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路又可分為數(shù)字信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路和模擬信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路。在數(shù)字信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路中規(guī)定采用64Kb/s的速率(PCM群的一個(gè)時(shí)隙的傳輸速率);在模擬信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路中,如采用頻分復(fù)用傳輸系統(tǒng)的信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路,規(guī)定采用4.8Kb/s的速率。在我們移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,都采用數(shù)字信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路。MTP1層簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)它僅向MTP2提供
17、了一個(gè)物理的通道,不對(duì)信令消息做任何處理。MTP1層在CPCI平臺(tái)的EPI板上處理,在32模平臺(tái)上是DTM板處理。 MTP1層就好像我們建立起的一條初始的公路,沒(méi)有安裝任何交通指示燈,也沒(méi)有標(biāo)明該條公路的去向。 </p><p> 2). MTP2信令鏈路層:對(duì)應(yīng)于OSI模型中的數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層。信令鏈路功能主要是規(guī)定了為在兩個(gè)直接連接的信令點(diǎn)之間傳送信令消息提供可靠的信令鏈路所需要的功能。MTP2層的主要功能有:信
18、令單元的收發(fā)控制和信令鏈路狀態(tài)監(jiān)視。信令單元的收發(fā)控制主要包括:信令單元的分界、信令單元的定位、信令單元的差錯(cuò)檢測(cè)和信令單元的差錯(cuò)校正。而信令鏈路狀態(tài)監(jiān)視主要包括:信令單元差錯(cuò)率的監(jiān)視、處理機(jī)故障處理及信令鏈路故障處理和擁塞時(shí)的流量控制。MTP2層簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)它為上層用戶提供了一個(gè)可靠的邏輯通道,它對(duì)信令消息的內(nèi)容不作任何處理,只是在消息碼流中插入定位定界符和差錯(cuò)校驗(yàn)位。而這些插入的定位定界符和差錯(cuò)校驗(yàn)位對(duì)上層用戶來(lái)說(shuō)是透明的,所以我們也可
19、以說(shuō)MTP2層對(duì)信令消息不做任何處理。MTP2層在CPCI平臺(tái)的CPC扣板處理,在32模平臺(tái)上是LAP板處理。MTP2層就好像一條安裝了交通指示燈的公路,該公路上的車(chē)流有斷連和暢通的狀態(tài)。但該條公路還沒(méi)有標(biāo)明去向。在MTP2層上所具有的概念有:鏈路、鏈路狀態(tài)(激活、去活)、SLC、SLCS、鏈路編號(hào)、鏈路的類(lèi)別(TDM64K、TDM2M、MTP3BLNK、M3UALNK)、鏈</p><p> . MTP3網(wǎng)絡(luò)
20、層:該層和SCCP層一同對(duì)應(yīng)于OSI的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層。MTP2層保證了兩個(gè)直接連接的信令點(diǎn)之間傳送信令消息的可靠性,但它對(duì)信令消息不作任何處理(從用戶層面上看,其實(shí)MTP2層會(huì)向消息碼流中插入定位定界符和差錯(cuò)校驗(yàn)位),MTP3則是處理信令消息的最低一層。MTP3層在MTP2層的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)級(jí)別的功能,即具有路由尋址的功能。MTP3層為整個(gè)信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供了路由尋址的功能,其在信令消息發(fā)送和接收過(guò)程中都起著重要的作用。MTP3層主要有兩大功能
21、:信令消息處理和信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理。信令消息處理內(nèi)部又可以分為三大塊:消息識(shí)別、消息分配和消息編路。 信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理主要可以分為:信令業(yè)務(wù)管理、信令路由管理、信令鏈路管理。根據(jù)上述的描述我們可以清楚的知曉MTP3的基本功能。 MTP3層就好像一條安裝了交通指示燈,同時(shí)也標(biāo)明了去向的公路。該公路上的車(chē)流不但有斷連和暢通的狀態(tài),而且還有路由尋址的功能。 </p><p> 4). SCCP信令連接控制層:和MTP3層一起
22、對(duì)應(yīng)于OSI模型中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層。信令連接控制部分的目的是加強(qiáng)消息傳遞部分(MTP)的功能,它和MTP3一起構(gòu)成NO.7信令的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層,為信令在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的傳輸提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)尋址轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的能力。 以上就是有關(guān)七號(hào)信令的一些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)不僅要正確的應(yīng)用這些技術(shù),而且還有后期的維護(hù)管理等等,七號(hào)信令也能夠提供這方面的幫助,主要是根據(jù)系統(tǒng)報(bào)告,人機(jī)命令和MPTMON指令顯示所查詢的的NO.7信令系統(tǒng)狀態(tài),迅速確定故障的位置,然后予以排除,至于維護(hù)的內(nèi)容
23、在此不多說(shuō)。 結(jié)論:七號(hào)信令應(yīng)用非常廣泛,就是因?yàn)樗膫鬏斂?,容量大,還有支持 業(yè)務(wù)的擴(kuò)展,這些特點(diǎn)一方面滿足當(dāng)前的社會(huì)需求,同時(shí),未來(lái)通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展也是以業(yè)務(wù)的擴(kuò)大來(lái)進(jìn)行的,這些需求NO.7信令基本都能滿足,因此得到廣泛應(yīng)用。打電話的接續(xù),斷開(kāi),撥號(hào)音,回鈴音,話路的監(jiān)控,都是信令控制下的結(jié)果。概括來(lái)講,信令是通信的神經(jīng)中樞,地位非常重要。</p><p> NO.7信令系統(tǒng)的定義 </p&
24、gt;<p> NO.7信令是一種局間的數(shù)字共路信令。在NO.7信令系統(tǒng)中,信號(hào)信息可以是與一群電路有關(guān)的信號(hào)信息或是用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理的其他信息 ,因此,NO.7信令系統(tǒng)實(shí)質(zhì)上是電信網(wǎng)中各個(gè)處理機(jī)之間用作傳遞信息的專用數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng),而NO.7信令網(wǎng)作為通信網(wǎng)的支撐網(wǎng)也可視為一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)。信令系統(tǒng)是通信網(wǎng)的重要組成部分,它是用戶以及通信網(wǎng)中各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)相互交換信息的共同語(yǔ)言。信令按其工作區(qū)域分為用戶信令和局間
25、信令。用戶信令是用戶和交換機(jī)之間的信令,局間信令是交換機(jī)之間的信令,局間信令按其傳送方式可以分為隨路信令和共路信令。</p><p> NO.7信令系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) </p><p> NO.7信令系統(tǒng)最適合由數(shù)字程控交換機(jī)和數(shù)字傳輸設(shè)備所組成的綜合數(shù)字網(wǎng),能滿足現(xiàn)在及將來(lái)傳送呼叫控制、遙控、維護(hù)管理信令及處理機(jī)之間事務(wù)處理信息的要求,提供了可靠的方法,使信令按正確的順序傳送又不至
26、丟失或重復(fù)。 </p><p> NO.7信令系統(tǒng)采用高速數(shù)據(jù)鏈路(64kbit/s)傳送信令,信令鏈路是信令點(diǎn)之間傳送信令信息的雙向通路,由數(shù)據(jù)鏈路與數(shù)據(jù)鏈路兩端的終端電路完成NO.7信令系統(tǒng)功能結(jié)構(gòu)中的第二級(jí)的功能。NO.7信令數(shù)據(jù)鏈路具有傳送速度快,呼叫建立時(shí)間短,信號(hào)容量大,更改與擴(kuò)容靈活,信令設(shè)備投資省,話路利用率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 </p><p> 在有
27、60;No.7信令系統(tǒng)的程控交換機(jī)中我們可以享受各種特服功能 ,其中包括主被叫號(hào)碼的識(shí)別、遇忙回叫、呼叫等待、免打擾、鬧鐘服務(wù)、惡意呼叫追查、三方通話、會(huì)議電話等。No.7信令系統(tǒng)還能在通信網(wǎng)中傳送呼叫控制、統(tǒng)計(jì)、計(jì)費(fèi)及其他維護(hù)管理信息 ,適合綜合業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)字網(wǎng)(ISDN)和智能網(wǎng)等新業(yè)務(wù)的使用。</p><p> 信令集中操作與網(wǎng)管系統(tǒng)</p><p> 我國(guó)目前采用
28、兩級(jí)No.7信令網(wǎng)管理結(jié)構(gòu),第一級(jí)為全國(guó)NO.7信令網(wǎng)管理中心,設(shè)在電總網(wǎng)管中心,負(fù)責(zé)管理由HSTP和C1、C2組成的一級(jí)干線No.7信令網(wǎng)。一級(jí)干線No.7信令網(wǎng)網(wǎng)管系統(tǒng)由EDPC(電子數(shù)據(jù)處理中心)和NSC(網(wǎng)絡(luò)業(yè)務(wù)中心)組成,EDPC包括操作系統(tǒng)(0S)、中間設(shè)備(MD)、工作站(WS)。NSC 是具有運(yùn)行管理和維護(hù)功能的集中維護(hù)中心(0A&M),它與HSTP之間分別采用No.7鏈路和x.25鏈路連接,No.7鏈
29、路用來(lái)傳遞SP點(diǎn)的管理消息。C1、C2長(zhǎng)途局通過(guò)No.7信令鏈路與NSC 相連,系統(tǒng)主要完成:對(duì)No.7信令網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)圖形顯示;對(duì)No.7信令網(wǎng)的配置進(jìn)行產(chǎn)生和修改操作;對(duì)No.7信令網(wǎng)的故障產(chǎn)生事件報(bào)告和相應(yīng)的告警;對(duì)No.7信令網(wǎng)的性能數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)并能讀取網(wǎng)絡(luò)的狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)和確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能,如業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)的采集、話務(wù)和負(fù)荷的確定、業(yè)務(wù)量報(bào)告;NSC的維護(hù)管理;0MAP的MRVT測(cè)試。 </p><p&
30、gt; 第二級(jí)為省會(huì)和中央直轄市:No.7信令網(wǎng)管理中心設(shè)在各省局的網(wǎng)管中心,負(fù)責(zé)管理設(shè)在本省(直轄市)的HSTPC1、C2、C3和LSTP所組成的省內(nèi)No.7信令網(wǎng)。系統(tǒng)主要完成:實(shí)時(shí)告警監(jiān)控功能(鏈路、鏈路組、路由交換機(jī)、處理機(jī)及傳輸告警鏈路利用率鏈路負(fù)荷統(tǒng)計(jì)鏈路、鏈路組、路由組服務(wù)狀態(tài)統(tǒng)計(jì)) ;集中操作維護(hù)功能;網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置管理(短路局名及網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置);故障查詢與統(tǒng)計(jì)功能(鏈路短路組路由組及設(shè)備本身告警)。</p>
31、;<p> NO.7信令網(wǎng)集中檢測(cè)系統(tǒng) </p><p> No.7集中監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)采用分層的體系機(jī)構(gòu),主要分為三層:數(shù)據(jù)采集和本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理層;數(shù)據(jù)處理和存儲(chǔ)層,包括遠(yuǎn)端站、服務(wù)器中心站服務(wù)器和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器;數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用層。采用分層結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)使系統(tǒng)可以在各層單獨(dú)擴(kuò)容而不影響其它層次的工作。在數(shù)據(jù)采集和預(yù)處理層采用高阻跨接以不可逆隔離方式接入到信令鏈路,保證系統(tǒng)在采集數(shù)據(jù)的同時(shí)不會(huì)將信號(hào)回送給
32、信令鏈路。它完全獨(dú)立于信令網(wǎng)或電話網(wǎng),本身不受信令網(wǎng)或電話網(wǎng)的影響也不對(duì)信令網(wǎng)或電話網(wǎng)造成任何影響。遠(yuǎn)端站和中心站要使用廣域網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)來(lái)連接,廣域網(wǎng)可采用X.25/DDN/E1/DCN不同的傳輸方式。</p><p> 現(xiàn)有管理系統(tǒng)存在的主要問(wèn)題與相互關(guān)系 </p><p> 利用No.7信令集中操作與網(wǎng)管系統(tǒng),我們能夠完成對(duì)No.7 信令網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障告警管理、性能管理及
33、配置管理,并可實(shí)現(xiàn)集中操作維護(hù)。但由于No.7 信令交換機(jī)的主要功能是傳送信令,處理機(jī)對(duì)大范圍的信令消息的跟蹤與在線協(xié)議分析顯得能力不足,系統(tǒng)管理的實(shí)時(shí)性差,而且關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是該系統(tǒng)要能正常使用,需依賴于交換機(jī)的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。另外,由于信令網(wǎng)中使用的設(shè)備各不相同,從而帶來(lái)了管理系統(tǒng)多,難以統(tǒng)一使用的問(wèn)題。 </p><p> 利用No.7信令監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),我們能夠完成對(duì)No.7信令網(wǎng)的測(cè)試與維護(hù)、接通
34、率和呼損統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、故障、告警和性能管理,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電話用戶的管理。但由于該系統(tǒng)只是從信令鏈路上實(shí)時(shí)提取消息,實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)地對(duì)No.7 信令網(wǎng)的分析與管理,因此,系統(tǒng)的最大不足是無(wú)法在發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)由系統(tǒng)對(duì)信令網(wǎng)進(jìn)行控制操作。 </p><p> No.7信令網(wǎng)網(wǎng)管系統(tǒng)從某種意義上講是一相對(duì)靜態(tài)和宏觀的管理系統(tǒng),No.7 信令監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)則是利用對(duì)信令鏈路上傳送的所有消息的實(shí)時(shí)采集、處理、分析。實(shí)現(xiàn)
35、對(duì)No.7信令網(wǎng)的動(dòng)態(tài)和微觀分析管理,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)一個(gè)地區(qū)No.7信令網(wǎng)及信令網(wǎng)上承載業(yè)務(wù)的話務(wù)、質(zhì)量、經(jīng)營(yíng)、服務(wù)等指標(biāo)的分析管理。但目前兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)都不能完善地?fù)?dān)負(fù)起對(duì)No.7信令網(wǎng)的維護(hù)與管理,其中后者是對(duì)前者的必要補(bǔ)充是對(duì)目前電話網(wǎng)網(wǎng)管的必要支持。</p><p><b> 硬件配置 </b></p><p> 我國(guó)引進(jìn)的S1240程控交換機(jī)較早使用了N
36、o.7信令系統(tǒng)。S1240程控交換機(jī)的模塊之一 ————公共信道模塊 (CCSM)由終端控制單元(TCE)、信道控制板(CHCR)和8塊協(xié)議板(PROA)組成,1塊PROA板能夠處理2條鏈路,CCSM最多能處理16條信號(hào)鏈路。CCSM模塊完成交換機(jī)No.7信令系統(tǒng)的第二級(jí)信號(hào)鏈路功能(實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)的差錯(cuò)檢測(cè)、差錯(cuò)校正等)和第三級(jí)消息處理、信號(hào)網(wǎng)管理功能,此模塊采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口經(jīng)數(shù)字交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)(DSN)和數(shù)字中繼模塊所形成的信號(hào)
37、鏈路與另一數(shù)字程控交換機(jī)(或信號(hào)STP)相連接。另一輔助控制模塊SACEN7完成Level3 (第三級(jí) )的鏈路路由轉(zhuǎn)換功能。 </p><p> EWSD程控交換機(jī)中實(shí)現(xiàn)No.7信令功能涉及到DLU、LTG、SN、MB、CCNC等功能單元,公共信道模塊(CCNC)連至交換網(wǎng) (SN)上,信令鏈路占用的是DLU的1個(gè)PORT。</p><p
38、><b> 軟件維護(hù) </b></p><p> 因?yàn)閮删珠g所有的信令全部集中在有限的幾條Link上傳輸,信令鏈路的穩(wěn)定與否決定了整個(gè)通信質(zhì)量的好壞。在程控交換機(jī)中對(duì)No.7信令鏈路的維護(hù)很重要。 </p><p> S1240和EWSD交換機(jī)中與No.7信令有關(guān)的人機(jī)命令有20多條,可用來(lái)顯示、創(chuàng)建、修改和刪除某一No.7
39、信令局向的有關(guān)參數(shù)(如EXCHTYPE、L KTYPE)及No.7信令鏈路參數(shù)(如OPC、DPC)還有鏈路狀況等。生成No.7信令局向數(shù)據(jù)與一般的隨路信令局向不同,要分成MTP和TUP兩個(gè)部分來(lái)考慮。 </p><p> S1240中可用相關(guān)的人機(jī)命令和MPTMON環(huán)境下的相關(guān)MACRO顯示No.7信令中繼的狀態(tài)。使用No.7信令分析儀還可對(duì)No.7信令接續(xù)過(guò)程作觀察,從中分析通話質(zhì)量及問(wèn)題
40、所在。</p><p><b> 結(jié)論 </b></p><p> 七號(hào)信令有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。它可以用作ATM網(wǎng)絡(luò)和B-ISDN網(wǎng)絡(luò)的內(nèi)部信令。此外,由于數(shù)據(jù)通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,技術(shù)復(fù)雜度的增強(qiáng),網(wǎng)絡(luò)的操作維護(hù)、管理、測(cè)試和故障診斷的矛盾日益突出,解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的最好方法是利用七號(hào)信令的OMAP協(xié)議在共路信令網(wǎng)中建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理維護(hù)中心。由于信令網(wǎng)是一個(gè)速度
41、快,可靠性好的分組交換網(wǎng),網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理中心的操作員可以對(duì)通訊網(wǎng)進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程的實(shí)時(shí)的測(cè)試、診斷、監(jiān)視、控制和管理,并且不干擾正常的數(shù)據(jù)通訊。 </p><p> 目前No.7信令系統(tǒng)主要用于電話網(wǎng)、電話交換的數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)、交換局與網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)智能網(wǎng)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)的操作管理和維護(hù)。現(xiàn)代化電信網(wǎng)需要先進(jìn)技術(shù)支撐和自動(dòng)化管理手段,No.7信令網(wǎng)是電信網(wǎng)提供高質(zhì)量高可靠性高效益的電信服務(wù)的重要保證之一,是發(fā)展綜合業(yè)務(wù)智能業(yè)務(wù)以及其它各種
42、新業(yè)務(wù)的必備條件,因此對(duì)No.7 信令網(wǎng)維護(hù)和管理對(duì)No.7 信令網(wǎng)的正常運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要。所以,面向未來(lái)的信令網(wǎng)維護(hù)方案將是集網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測(cè)和監(jiān)控于一身融信令管理和話務(wù)管理于一體的綜合化智能化的開(kāi)放式系統(tǒng)。并且無(wú)論是在信令協(xié)議制定方面還是信令網(wǎng)的建設(shè)維護(hù)和管理應(yīng)用方面,我國(guó)都處于很落后的狀況,因此緊跟世界前言發(fā)展并完善No.7 信令是現(xiàn)在必然的趨勢(shì)。</p><p> NO. 7 sign
43、alling system research</p><p> In this paper</p><p> The No. 7 signalling network is an important part of modern communication network, it supports the entire communication network business at
44、 present. Our country adopts No. 7 signalling network is business supporting network has a variety of functions, and has built a set of relatively perfect network system. Papers from No. 7 signalling network structure wa
45、s introduced in detail our country currently in No. 7 signalling network maintenance and management work, is the No. 7 signalling network pip</p><p> The introduction</p><p> Strong commonalit
46、y of No. 7 signalling System (Signaling System No. 7) is the international telegraph and telephone consultative committee (CCITT) in 1980, now No. 7 signalling through extended modified many times, has formed a complete
47、System of Signaling. In the heart of the modern communication network users voice, data and control data transfer of control data (signaling) sent separately special transmitting signaling network is called the signallin
48、g network, No. 7 signaling network system i</p><p> No. 7 signalling network is one of the three supporting network of telecommunication network, is an important part of telecommunication network, its appli
49、cation is very extensive. So far our country has been established by senior signalling (HSTP), low-level signalling (LSTP) and a large number of signaling point (SP), consisting of tertiary no.7 really makes no.7 as neur
50、al network and supporting network of telecommunication network. Therefore no. 7 signalling network operation quality directly </p><p> Key words: signaling channel mobile communications network base station
51、</p><p> 1: the signal is divided into with road and road signaling two, ss7 is common way signaling, said speech signal from a signaling message transmission, is at present our country mainly adopts techno
52、logy. It has a large capacity of transmission, faster speed, the advantage of high channel utilization, to meet the demand of modern digital communication applications. First of all, introduced the communication network
53、can be divided into network and network, and in the network and the communication n</p><p> To introduce total signaling and road signaling: along with the road signaling refers to transmit signaling link w
54、ith speech path is a link; Signaling refers to the total road transport signaling link and the words of road on the same link. China's number one signaling is signaling along with the road, and NO. 7 signaling is com
55、mon way signaling. Total signal based on its own structure and trigger out some advantages: signaling transmission speed; Signaling large capacity; High channel utilizati</p><p> The basic concept of NO. 7
56、signalling: 1 signaling links (Link) : namely physical channel is used to transmit signal, usually a time slot for the E1 line; 2. The signaling links.</p><p> (LinkSet) : a collection of attributes have th
57、e same link, also can say as a bureau to the set of all links. The same signaling links all links of concentration is where the load sharing. The direct link between the two signaling set only one; Next we'll introdu
58、ce NO. 7 basic concepts of the net. NO. 7 signalling network is the basis of communication network in China, it is responsible for signaling interaction to complete a business requirements of users. The NO. 7 signaling i
59、s composed of sign</p><p> Introduce China's NO. 7 signalling network structure, its structure is more clear, can use words to describe the entire network structure: China's NO. 7 signalling network
60、 is three layer architecture, adopts double plane structure. Three layer structure are: senior signalling HSTP (distributed in all major provinces), low-level signalling LSTP (distribution in the prefecture level), signa
61、ling point SP (also known as end bureau, general distribution in the regional county); And double flat struct</p><p> 1). MTP1 signaling data link layer: the physical layer corresponds to the OSI model. Fun
62、ctions of signaling data link is the first of its kind in the MTP level, define the physical, electrical, and functional properties of signaling data link. And signaling data link can be divided into digital signaling da
63、ta link and simulate signaling data link. Rules used in digital signaling data link the rate of 64 KB/s (PCM group of a time slot transmission rate). In the simulation of signaling data link, </p><p> Intro
64、duce China's NO. 7 signalling network structure, its structure is more clear, can use words to describe the entire network structure: China's NO. 7 signalling network is three layer architecture, adopts double pl
65、ane structure. Three layer structure are: senior signalling HSTP (distributed in all major provinces), low-level signalling LSTP (distribution in the prefecture level), signaling point SP (also known as end bureau, gener
66、al distribution in the regional county); And double flat struct</p><p> . MTP2 signaling link layer: corresponds to the data link layer of the OSI model. Signaling links function mainly stipulated in two co
67、nnected directly transmit signaling messages between signaling points provide reliable signaling links the required functionality. MTP2 layer of the main features are: signal units to send and receive control and signali
68、ng link state monitoring. Signal units to send and receive control mainly includes: signal units, signal units of positioning, and separating sign</p><p> . MTP3 network layer: this layer with SCCP layer co
69、rresponds to the OSI network layer. MTP2 layer ensures the two connected directly to the reliability of the signaling messages are transmitted between signaling points, but it for signaling messages do not make any proce
70、ssing (from the user level, actually MTP2 layer can insert into the message stream positioning delimiter and error check digit), MTP3 is dealing with the lowest layer of the signaling message. On the basis of the MTP2 la
71、yer MTP3 </p><p> 4). SCCP signaling connection control layer and layer MTP3 together corresponds to the network layer of the OSI model. Signaling connection control part is the purpose of strengthening the
72、 function of the message transfer part (MTP), which together with the MTP3 constitute NO. 7 signalling network layer, for signal transmission in the network's ability to provide network address forwarding. Above are
73、some basic knowledge about the ss7, mobile communication technology is not only to the correct a</p><p> The definition of NO. 7 signalling system</p><p> NO. 7 signalling is a kind of bureau
74、signaling between digital total road. In NO. 7 signalling system, the signal information can be associated with a group of circuits of signal information or other information for network management, therefore, NO. 7 sign
75、alling system is essentially used to transfer information between each processor in the telecommunication network data communication system for special purpose, and NO. 7 signalling network as a communication network of
76、supporting network also</p><p> The advantages of NO. 7 signalling system</p><p> The advantages of NO. 7 signalling system NO. 7 signalling system is most suitable for composed of digital pro
77、gram-controlled switches and digital transmission equipment integrated digital network, and can meet the present and the future transmission call control, remote control, maintenance and management signaling and transact
78、ion information between processor's request, provides the reliable method, make the signal transmitted in the correct order and not be lost or repeat. </p><p> NO. 7 signalling system USES high-speed da
79、ta link (64 kbit/s) transmit signal, signaling links is a bi-directional path of sending signaling messages between signaling points, by the data link and data link terminal at the ends of the circuit to complete the NO.
80、 7 signalling system function structure of the secondary function. NO. 7 signaling data link with transmission speed, call setup time is short, large capacity, signal changes with flexible expansion, signaling equipment
81、investment, high u</p><p> In No. 7 signalling system in SPC exchange, we can enjoy a variety of service functions, including the Lord called number recognition, busy callback, call waiting, don't distu
82、rb, alarm service, malicious call tracing, three calls, conference calls, etc. No. 7 signalling system can transmit in the network call control maintenance and management, statistics, billing, and other information, suit
83、able for integrated services digital network (ISDN) and the use of smart grid and other new business.</p><p> Signaling centralized operation and network management system</p><p> In our count
84、ry currently USES two levels of No. 7 signalling network management structure, the first level for the No. 7 signalling network management center, is located in the electrical network management center, responsible for t
85、he management of HSTP and C1 and C2 level main No. 7 signalling network. Level of main line No. 7 signalling network network management system by the EDPC (electronic data processing center) and NSC (network operations c
86、enter), EDPC including the operating system (0 s</p><p> Secondary to the provincial capital and municipality directly under the central government: No. 7 signalling network management center is located in
87、the provincial bureau of the network management center, responsible for managing in this province (municipality directly under the central government) HSTPC1, C2 and C3 and LSTP province No. 7 signalling network. System
88、mainly complete: real-time alarm monitoring function (link, link, routing, switches, processor and alarm transmission link utilizat</p><p> NO. 7 signalling network detection system</p><p> No
89、. 7 centralized monitoring system USES a layered architecture, mainly divided into three layers: data collection and local data pretreatment layer; Data processing and storage layer, including the remote station, center
90、server and database server; The application layer data. USES hierarchical design can make the system in each layer expansion without affecting the other layers of working alone. In data acquisition and preprocessing laye
91、r with high resistance jumper in irreversible isolation wa</p><p> The existing main problems of management system and mutual relations</p><p> The existing main problems of management system
92、and the relationship between the use of No. 7 signaling centralized operation and network management system, we can finish on No. 7 signalling network fault alarm management, performance management, configuration managem
93、ent, and can realize the centralized operation and maintenance. But due to No. 7 signalling exchange's main function is to transmit signal, the processor of a wide range of signaling message is online tracking and pr
94、otocol analysis </p><p> Using the No. 7 signaling monitoring system, we can finish on No. 7 signalling network testing and maintenance, connection rate and call loss statistics and analysis, fault, alarm a
95、nd performance management, implement the management of telephone users. But because the system is real-time extraction of news from the signaling links, realize the real time of No. 7 signalling network analysis and mana
96、gement, as a result, the system cannot be found in one of the biggest insufficient by the system to</p><p> The hardware configuration</p><p> Our country introduced S1240 SPC exchange earlier
97、 using the No. 7 signalling system. One of S1240 SPC exchange module - module (CCSM) the public channel by a terminal control unit (TCE), channel control panel (CHCR) and 8 agreements board (PROA), 1 PROA board can handl
98、e 2 link, CCSM up to 16 signal processing link. CCSM module to complete the switch No. 7 signalling system of secondary signal link function, realizes the signal error detection, error correction, etc.) and the third mes
99、sage proces</p><p> EWSD SPC exchange in the realization of No. 7 signalling function involves DLU, LTG, SN, MB, CCNC function units, such as public channel module connected (CCNC) to the switched network (
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